Apolysis

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Santanu Mahato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Intra-Puparial Development of Flesh Fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
    Current Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shuvra Kanti Sinha, Santanu Mahato
    Abstract:

    Intra-puparial development of forensically important and myiasis-producing flesh fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) was studied. In the laboratory, second-generation pupae (n = 240) were dissected and photographed using digital camera and SEM for more elaborative description. Intrapuparial development of this species was studied with the description of larva-pupa Apolysis phase, cryptocephalic pupa, phanerocephalic pupa and pharate adult stages. Total time for pupal development was about 252 h under laboratory conditions.

  • Intra-Puparial Development of Flesh Fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
    Current Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shuvra Kanti Sinha, Santanu Mahato
    Abstract:

    Intra-puparial development of forensically important and myiasis-producing flesh fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) was studied. In the laboratory, second-generation pupae (n = 240) were dissected and photographed using digital camera and SEM for more elaborative description. Intrapuparial development of this species was studied with the description of larva-pupa Apolysis phase, cryptocephalic pupa, phanerocephalic pupa and pharate adult stages. Total time for pupal development was about 252 h under laboratory conditions.

Thomas A. Keil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphogenesis of the antenna of the male silkmoth, Antheraea polyphemus. V. Development of the peripheral nervous system.
    Tissue and Cell, 1995
    Co-Authors: Cornelia Steiner, Thomas A. Keil
    Abstract:

    Abstract The imaginal antenna of the male silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus is a feather-shaped structure consisting of about 30 flagellomeres, each of which gives off two pairs of side branches. During the pupal stage (lasting for 3 weeks), the antenna develops from a leaf-shaped, flattened epidermal sac (‘antennal blade’) via two series of incisions which proceed from the periphery towards the prospective antennal stem. The development of the peripheral nervous system was studied by staining the neurons with an antibody against horseradish peroxidase as well as by electron microscopy. The epithelium is subdivided in segmentally arranged sensillogenic regions alternating with non-sensillogenic regions. Immediately after Apolysis, clusters consisting of 5 sensory neurons each and belonging to the prospective sensilla chaetica can be localized at the periphery of the antennal blade in the sensillogenic regions. During the first day following Apolysis, the primordia of ca. 70 000 olfactory sensilla arise in the sensillogenic regions. Axons from their neurons are collected in segmentally arranged nerves which run towards the CNS along the dorsal as well as the ventral epidermis and are enveloped by a glial sheath. This ‘primary innervation pattern’ is completed within the second day after Apolysis. A first wave of incisions (‘primary incisions’) subdivide the antennal blade into segmental ‘double branches’ without disturbing the innervation pattern. Then a second wave of incisions (‘secondary incisions’) splits the double branches into single antennal branches. During this process, the segmental nerves and their glial sheaths are disintegrated. The axons are then redistributed into single branch nerves while their glial sheath is reconstituted, forming the ‘secondary’, or adult, innervation pattern. The epidermis is backed by a basal lamina which is degraded after outgrowth of the axons, but is reconstituted after formation of the single antennal branches.

  • Morphogenesis of the antenna of the male silkmoth, Antheraea polyphemus. IV. Segmentation and branch formation.
    Tissue and Cell, 1993
    Co-Authors: Cornelia Steiner, Thomas A. Keil
    Abstract:

    Abstract The imaginal antenna of the male silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus is a featherlike structure; its flagellum consists of about 30 stem segments each giving off two pairs of side branches. The antenna develops during the pupal stage (lasting in total about 21 days) from a leaf-shaped anlage by incisions proceeding from the periphery towards the prospective antennal stem. Primary incisions, starting about 3 days after Apolysis, form double branches, which arethen split into single branches by parallel running secondary incisions. The initial pattern of tracheae and peripheral nerves is completely rearranged during these morphogenetic processes which are finished 9–10 days after Apolysis. In Antheraea the dorsal and ventral epithelial monolayers of the antennal anlage are successively subdivided during development into a pattern of repetitive epithelial zones. Within the first day after Apolysis alternating stripes of sensillogenic and non-sensillogenic epithelium are differentiating. Then the latter are further subdivided, and at last four different stripelike zones (I–IV) can be discriminated. Long basal protrusions of the epidermal cells (‘epidermal feet’), and most probably haemocytes, seem to be involved in the reconstruction of the epithelium: both show characteristic arrangements within the antennal anlage during successive developmental stages.

  • Fine structure of a developing insect olfactory organ: morphogenesis of the silkmoth antenna.
    Microscopy Research and Technique, 1992
    Co-Authors: Thomas A. Keil
    Abstract:

    The olfactory organ of the silkmoth Antheraea polyhemus is the feathered antenna which carries about 70,000 olfactory sensilla in the male. It develops within 3 weeks from a leaf-shaped epidermal sac by means of segmental primary and secondary indentations which proceed from the periphery towards the centerline. During the first day post-Apolysis, the antennal epidermis differentiates into segmentally arranged, alternating sensillogenic and non-sensillogenic regions. Within the first 2 days post-Apolysis, the anlagen of olfactory sensilla arise from electron-dense mother cells in the sensillogenic epidermis. The axons of the developing sensilla begin to form the primary innervation pattern during the second day. The sensilla develop approximately within the first 10 days to their final shape, while the indentations are completed during the same period of time. The indentations are most probably driven by long basal extensions of epidermal cells, the epidermal feet. Primary indentations follow the course of segmentally arranged tracheal bundles and form the segments of the antenna. The secondary indentations follow the course of the primary segmental nerves which are reconstructed by this process. During the remaining time of development, the cuticle of the antenna and the sensory hairs is secreted by the epidermal and the hair-forming cells. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • Morphogenesis of the antenna of the male silkmoth, Antheraea polyphemus. I. The leaf-shaped antenna of the pupa from diapause to Apolysis.
    Tissue and Cell, 1990
    Co-Authors: Thomas A. Keil, Cornelia Steiner
    Abstract:

    Abstract The antenna of the male silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus is a featherlike structure consisting of a central stem and ca. 120 side branches, which altogether carry about 70,000 olfactory sensilla. We investigate the development during the pupal phase. At the end of diapause, the antennal rudiment consists of a leaf-shaped, one-layered epidermal sac. It is supplied with oxygen via a central main trachea, which gives off numerous thin side branches. These are segmentally arranged into bundles which run to the periphery of the antennal blade. When the epidermis retracts from the pupal cuticle (Apolysis; stage 1), it consists of cells which are morphologically uniform. The epidermal cells form a network of long, irregular basal protrusions (epidermal feet), which crisscross the antennal lumen. During the first day post-Apolysis (stage 2), the antennal epidermis differentiates into alternating thick ‘sensillogenic’ and thin ‘non-sensillogenic’ areas arranged in stripes which run in parallel to the tracheal bundles. Numerous dark, elongated cells, which might be the sensillar stem cells, are scattered in the sensillogenic epithelium. A number of very early sensilla has been found at the distal edges of the sensillogenic stripes in positions which later will be occupied by sensilla chaetica. The whole antennal blade is enveloped by the transparent ecdysial membrane, consisting of the innermost layers of the pupal cuticle which are detached during Apolysis.

Shuvra Kanti Sinha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Intra-Puparial Development of Flesh Fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
    Current Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shuvra Kanti Sinha, Santanu Mahato
    Abstract:

    Intra-puparial development of forensically important and myiasis-producing flesh fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) was studied. In the laboratory, second-generation pupae (n = 240) were dissected and photographed using digital camera and SEM for more elaborative description. Intrapuparial development of this species was studied with the description of larva-pupa Apolysis phase, cryptocephalic pupa, phanerocephalic pupa and pharate adult stages. Total time for pupal development was about 252 h under laboratory conditions.

  • Intra-Puparial Development of Flesh Fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
    Current Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shuvra Kanti Sinha, Santanu Mahato
    Abstract:

    Intra-puparial development of forensically important and myiasis-producing flesh fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) was studied. In the laboratory, second-generation pupae (n = 240) were dissected and photographed using digital camera and SEM for more elaborative description. Intrapuparial development of this species was studied with the description of larva-pupa Apolysis phase, cryptocephalic pupa, phanerocephalic pupa and pharate adult stages. Total time for pupal development was about 252 h under laboratory conditions.

Gharali Babak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Xavier Belles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the mekre93 methoprene tolerant kruppel homolog 1 e93 pathway in the regulation of insect metamorphosis and the homology of the pupal stage
    Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Xavier Belles, Carolina G Santos
    Abstract:

    Recent studies on transcription factor E93 revealed that it triggers adult morphogenesis in Blattella germanica, Tribolium castaneum and Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, we show here that Kruppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), a transducer of the antimetamorphic action of juvenile hormone (JH), represses E93 expression. Kr-h1 is upstream of E93, and upstream of Kr-h1 is Methoprene-tolerant (Met), the latter being the JH receptor in hemimetabolan and holometabolan species. As such, the Met – Kr-h1 – E93 pathway (hereinafter named “MEKRE93 pathway”) appears to be central to the status quo action of JH, which switch adult morphogenesis off and on in species ranging from cockroaches to flies. The decrease in Kr-h1 mRNA and the rise of E93 expression that triggers adult morphogenesis occur at the beginning of the last instar nymph or in the prepupae of hemimetabolan and holometabolan species, respectively. This suggests that the hemimetabolan last nymph (considering the entire stage, from the Apolysis to the last instar until the next Apolysis that gives rise to the adult) is ontogenetically homologous to the holometabolan pupa (also considered between two apolyses, thus comprising the prepupal stage).

  • Azadirachtin induced imaginal moult deficiencies in Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
    Journal of Stored Products Research, 1990
    Co-Authors: Nuria Pascual, Maria Pilar Marco, Xavier Belles
    Abstract:

    Abstract Azadirachtin was injected into newly moulted pupae of Tenebrio molitor L. at doses ranging from 0.01 to 10 μg. It induced a delay of the development and an inhibition of Apolysis and ecdysis, which was dose dependent. Low doses of azadirachtin suppressed adult ecdysis and high doses also prevented Apolysis and secretion of adult cuticle. The mechanism of action of azadirachtin is discussed, its usefulness as a tool in endocrinological studies is questioned, and its potential for integrated control of stored food pests is emphasized.