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Robert B. Den - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Overemphasis of Step 1 Scores May Affect Application Pool Diversity in Radiation Oncology.
    Practical radiation oncology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Christian A. Fernandez, Bernard L. Lopez, Marlene Kushner, Benjamin E. Leiby, Robert B. Den
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose Many radiation oncology programs use Step 1 score metrics as a surrogate for intelligence and success to screen applicants. The impact of this practice on radiation oncology applicant Pool diversity is unknown. Methods and Materials Electronic Residency Application Service Applications submitted to our institution between 2015 and 2018 match cycles were reviewed. Sex, age, race/ethnicity, and Step 1 scores were collected. Groupings by characteristics were sex (female vs male), age ≤30 versus >30 years, and race/ethnicity by underrepresented minority (URM) versus non-URM status. URMs were defined as Black/African American, Hispanic, Native American/Alaskan Native, and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. Step 1 scores were divided based on scores of 220 and 240. The association between applicant demographics and Step 1 scores was assessed using proportional odds logistic regression for ordinal outcomes. Results Eight hundred ten applicants with Step 1 scores ranging from 188 to 275 were collected, representing nearly 90% of all applicants during the 2015 to 2018 Electronic Residency Application Service cycles. Twenty-nine percent were female, 29% were >30 years of age, and 10% were URMs. Increasing Step 1 score requirements disproportionately decreased representation of applicants who were female versus male at 240 (–51% vs –31%), >30 versus ≤30 years old at 220 (–28% vs –6%) and 240 (–55% vs –26%), and URMs versus non-URMs at 220 (–34% vs –9%) and 240 (–61% vs –34%). On analysis, Step 1 score requirements had a statistically significantly impact on applicant distributions based on sex, age, and URM status (P  Conclusions Overemphasis of Step 1 scores may reduce the diversity of the radiation oncology applicant Pool. Further evaluation of practices that counter the stated American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Radiation Oncology, and American College of Radiology diversity missions should be pursued to improve understanding of barriers and biases.

Christian A. Fernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Overemphasis of Step 1 Scores May Affect Application Pool Diversity in Radiation Oncology.
    Practical radiation oncology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Christian A. Fernandez, Bernard L. Lopez, Marlene Kushner, Benjamin E. Leiby, Robert B. Den
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose Many radiation oncology programs use Step 1 score metrics as a surrogate for intelligence and success to screen applicants. The impact of this practice on radiation oncology applicant Pool diversity is unknown. Methods and Materials Electronic Residency Application Service Applications submitted to our institution between 2015 and 2018 match cycles were reviewed. Sex, age, race/ethnicity, and Step 1 scores were collected. Groupings by characteristics were sex (female vs male), age ≤30 versus >30 years, and race/ethnicity by underrepresented minority (URM) versus non-URM status. URMs were defined as Black/African American, Hispanic, Native American/Alaskan Native, and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. Step 1 scores were divided based on scores of 220 and 240. The association between applicant demographics and Step 1 scores was assessed using proportional odds logistic regression for ordinal outcomes. Results Eight hundred ten applicants with Step 1 scores ranging from 188 to 275 were collected, representing nearly 90% of all applicants during the 2015 to 2018 Electronic Residency Application Service cycles. Twenty-nine percent were female, 29% were >30 years of age, and 10% were URMs. Increasing Step 1 score requirements disproportionately decreased representation of applicants who were female versus male at 240 (–51% vs –31%), >30 versus ≤30 years old at 220 (–28% vs –6%) and 240 (–55% vs –26%), and URMs versus non-URMs at 220 (–34% vs –9%) and 240 (–61% vs –34%). On analysis, Step 1 score requirements had a statistically significantly impact on applicant distributions based on sex, age, and URM status (P  Conclusions Overemphasis of Step 1 scores may reduce the diversity of the radiation oncology applicant Pool. Further evaluation of practices that counter the stated American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Radiation Oncology, and American College of Radiology diversity missions should be pursued to improve understanding of barriers and biases.

Taghvaee Hamidreza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering
    2020
    Co-Authors: Taghvaee Hamidreza, Abadal Sergi, Pitilakis Alexandros, Tsilipakos Odysseas, Tasolamprou Anna, Liaskos, Christos K, Kafesaki Maria, Kantartzis Nikolaos, Cabellos-aparicio Albe, Alarcó Eduard
    Abstract:

    Programmable metasurfaces have garnered significant attention as they confer unprecedented control over the electromagnetic response of any surface. Such feature has given rise to novel design paradigms such as Software-Defined Metamaterials (SDM) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) with multiple groundbreaking Applications. However, the development of programmable metasurfaces tailored to the particularities of a potentially broad Application Pool becomes a daunting task because the design space becomes remarkably large. This paper aims to ease the design process by proposing a methodology that, through a semi-analytical model of the metasurface response, allows to derive performance scaling trends as functions of a representative set of design variables. Although the methodology is amenable to any electromagnetic functionality, this paper explores its use for the case of beam steering at 26 GHz for 5G Applications. Conventional beam steering metrics are evaluated as functions of the unit cell size, number of unit cell states, and metasurface size for different incidence and reflection angles. It is shown that metasurfaces 5$\lambda\times$5$\lambda$ or larger with unit cells of $\lambda/3$ and four unit cell states ensure good performance overall. Further, it is demonstrated that performance degrades significantly for angles larger than $\theta > 60^o$ and that, to combat this, extra effort is needed in the development of the unit cell. These performance trends, when combined with power and cost models, will pave the way to optimal metasurface dimensioning

  • Scalability analysis of programmable metasurfaces for beam steering
    'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)', 2020
    Co-Authors: Taghvaee Hamidreza, Pitilakis Alexandros, Tsilipakos Odysseas, Tasolamprou Anna, Kafesaki Maria, Kantartzis Nikolaos, Abadal Cavallé Sergi, Liaskos Christos, Cabellos Aparicio Alberto, Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José
    Abstract:

    Programmable metasurfaces have garnered significant attention as they confer unprecedented control over the electromagnetic (EM) response of any surface. Such feature has given rise to novel design paradigms such as Software-Defined Metamaterials (SDM) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) with multiple groundbreaking Applications. However, the development of programmable metasurfaces tailored to the particularities of a potentially large Application Pool becomes a daunting task because the design space becomes remarkably large. This paper aims to ease the design process by proposing a methodology that employs a semi-analytical formulation to model the response of a metasurface and, then, derives performance scaling trends as functions of a representative set of design and Application-specific variables. Although the methodology is amenable to any EM functionality, this paper explores its use for the case of beam steering at 26 GHz for 5G Applications. Conventional beam steering metrics are evaluated as functions of the unit cell size, number of unit cell states, and metasurface size for different incidence and reflection angles. It is shown that metasurfaces 5¿×5¿ or larger with unit cells of ¿/3 and four unit cell states ensure good performance overall. Further, it is demonstrated that performance degrades significantly for angles larger than ¿>60o and that, to combat this, extra effort is needed in the development of the unit cell. These performance trends, when combined with power and cost models, will pave the way to optimal metasurface dimensioning.This work was supported in part by the European Commission (VISORSURF) under Grant H2020-FETOPEN-736876, and in part by Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) through the ICREA Academia Programme. Odysseas Tsilipakos acknowledges support by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation within the framework of the project Advancing Young Researchers Human Capital in Cutting Edge Technologies in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage and the Tackling of Societal Challenges (ARCHERS).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Scalability analysis of programmable metasurfaces for beam steering
    'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)', 2020
    Co-Authors: Taghvaee Hamidreza, Pitilakis Alexandros, Tsilipakos Odysseas, Tasolamprou Anna, Kafesaki Maria, Kantartzis Nikolaos, Abadal Cavallé Sergi, Liaskos Christos, Cabellos Aparicio Alberto, Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José
    Abstract:

    Programmable metasurfaces have garnered significant attention as they confer unprecedented control over the electromagnetic (EM) response of any surface. Such feature has given rise to novel design paradigms such as Software-Defined Metamaterials (SDM) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) with multiple groundbreaking Applications. However, the development of programmable metasurfaces tailored to the particularities of a potentially large Application Pool becomes a daunting task because the design space becomes remarkably large. This paper aims to ease the design process by proposing a methodology that employs a semi-analytical formulation to model the response of a metasurface and, then, derives performance scaling trends as functions of a representative set of design and Application-specific variables. Although the methodology is amenable to any EM functionality, this paper explores its use for the case of beam steering at 26 GHz for 5G Applications. Conventional beam steering metrics are evaluated as functions of the unit cell size, number of unit cell states, and metasurface size for different incidence and reflection angles. It is shown that metasurfaces 5¿×5¿ or larger with unit cells of ¿/3 and four unit cell states ensure good performance overall. Further, it is demonstrated that performance degrades significantly for angles larger than ¿>60o and that, to combat this, extra effort is needed in the development of the unit cell. These performance trends, when combined with power and cost models, will pave the way to optimal metasurface dimensioning.This work was supported in part by the European Commission (VISORSURF) under Grant H2020-FETOPEN-736876, and in part by Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) through the ICREA Academia Programme. Odysseas Tsilipakos acknowledges support by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation within the framework of the project Advancing Young Researchers Human Capital in Cutting Edge Technologies in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage and the Tackling of Societal Challenges (ARCHERS).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Alarcó Eduard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering
    2020
    Co-Authors: Taghvaee Hamidreza, Abadal Sergi, Pitilakis Alexandros, Tsilipakos Odysseas, Tasolamprou Anna, Liaskos, Christos K, Kafesaki Maria, Kantartzis Nikolaos, Cabellos-aparicio Albe, Alarcó Eduard
    Abstract:

    Programmable metasurfaces have garnered significant attention as they confer unprecedented control over the electromagnetic response of any surface. Such feature has given rise to novel design paradigms such as Software-Defined Metamaterials (SDM) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) with multiple groundbreaking Applications. However, the development of programmable metasurfaces tailored to the particularities of a potentially broad Application Pool becomes a daunting task because the design space becomes remarkably large. This paper aims to ease the design process by proposing a methodology that, through a semi-analytical model of the metasurface response, allows to derive performance scaling trends as functions of a representative set of design variables. Although the methodology is amenable to any electromagnetic functionality, this paper explores its use for the case of beam steering at 26 GHz for 5G Applications. Conventional beam steering metrics are evaluated as functions of the unit cell size, number of unit cell states, and metasurface size for different incidence and reflection angles. It is shown that metasurfaces 5$\lambda\times$5$\lambda$ or larger with unit cells of $\lambda/3$ and four unit cell states ensure good performance overall. Further, it is demonstrated that performance degrades significantly for angles larger than $\theta > 60^o$ and that, to combat this, extra effort is needed in the development of the unit cell. These performance trends, when combined with power and cost models, will pave the way to optimal metasurface dimensioning