The Experts below are selected from a list of 96 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
F Montel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual characterization of petroleum fluid inclusions composition and p t trapping conditions by microthermometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy inferences from Applied Thermodynamics of oils
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2002Co-Authors: Regis Thiery, Jacques Pironon, F Walgenwitz, F MontelAbstract:Abstract This paper proposes a new method to characterize individual oil-bearing fluid inclusions. It uses both the homogenisation temperatures measured by microthermometry, and the degree of gas bubble filling measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy, in conjunction with thermodynamic modelling for describing liquid–gas phase transitions and the volumetric behaviour of hydrocarbon mixtures. It is associated with a two-parameter (α, β) compositional model that describes the wide range of compositions of petroleums. We show that this method can give (1) useful estimations of the compositions and pressure–temperature entrapment conditions of oils in fluid inclusions, and (2) insights into the various processes that have affected these fluids either before entrapment (liquid–gas unmixing, gas leaching, mixing, etc.) or after (leakage, etc.).
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pit petroleum inclusion thermodynamic a new modeling tool for the characterization of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions from volumetric and microthermometric measurements
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2000Co-Authors: Regis Thiery, Jacques Pironon, Frederic Walgenwitz, F MontelAbstract:A recent technique, the confocal scanning laser microscopy, allows for the accurate measuring of the bubble filling degree (Fv) of oil fluid inclusions as a function of the temperature [Pironon, J., Canals, M., Dubessy, J., Walgenwitz, F., Laplace-Builhe, C., 1998. Volumetric reconstruction of individual fluid inclusions by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Eur. J. Mineral. 10, 1143–1150]. These data, combined with measurements of homogenization temperature (Th), give us new constraints for characterizing individually hydrocarbon fluid inclusions. For this purpose, a new modeling tool, PIT (Petroleum Inclusion Thermodynamic), based on Applied Thermodynamics of natural oils, has been constructed for interpreting volumetric (Fv) and microthermometric (Th) measurements obtained on hydrocarbon fluid inclusions. The software allows us: (1) to reconstruct the paleo-thermobarometric trapping conditions of oils; (2) to model petroleum inclusion composition; and (3) to understand (Fv–Th) differences among a population of fluid inclusions in terms of various pre- or post-trapping processes (inclusion stretching, oil mixing, liquid/vapor de-mixing, oil leaching by a gas, etc.).
Paul M Mathias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Some examples of the contribution of Applied Thermodynamics to Post-Combustion CO2-Capture technology
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2014Co-Authors: Paul M MathiasAbstract:Abstract There is intense ongoing worldwide research to develop improved solvents and processes for CO2 capture from flue gas. The number of publications was almost 1000 in 2011, and may be expected to exceed 10,000 by 2020 if exponential extrapolation of the number of past publications is applicable. Applied Thermodynamics is a valuable tool to make sense of this vast body of research, and we present three examples of its contribution to CO2-capture process technology. Aqueous-ammonia processes have been proposed as energy-efficient alternatives to traditional alkanolamine process, and early proponents claimed that a significant advantage of the technology is that the CO2 enthalpy of solution is exceptionally low, about −27 kJ/mol. A rigorous thermodynamic model with correct speciation estimated that the CO2 heat of solution is closer to about −65 kJ/mol, a number that was later confirmed by calorimetric measurements. The thermodynamic model enabled realistic analysis of the chilled-ammonia process, and these results have been supported by subsequent studies by other researchers. Further work on this subject established the rigorous and complete form of the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation, and demonstrated its value in evaluating the consistency between vapor–liquid equilibrium and calorimetric data. Theoretical and experimental studies have been used to find the best solvent for CO2 capture. Some researchers have assumed that the goal is seek solvents with high CO2 capacity and a low enthalpy of solution. This notion was tested by inventing solvents with various properties, the only restriction being that the properties must be thermodynamically consistent. The results have provided insight into the interplay between CO2 absorption and the heat of regeneration (through the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation), and reveal subtle characteristics that may guide the development of future solvents. A promising step-out technology for CO2 capture is “CO2-binding liquids with polarity-swing-assisted regeneration.” Reliable analysis and design of this complex technology requires a thermodynamic model that describes the chemical absorption (i.e., speciation) as well as vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium. The initial thermodynamic model has enabled useful projections of process performance. The model limitations and the need for future improvements are also discussed.
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Applied Thermodynamics in chemical technology: current practice and future challenges
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2004Co-Authors: Paul M MathiasAbstract:Abstract Examples are used to illuminate ways in which Applied Thermodynamics is being successfully deployed in chemical technology and the challenges that need to be overcome. Nitric-acid plant modeling was very difficult two decades ago because of the complexity of the thermodynamic properties and the need to describe kinetic and mass-transfer limitations in the process equipment. This complex process and other similar processes are routinely modeled today thanks largely to advances in Applied Thermodynamics. In fact, Applied Thermodynamics is an established cornerstone of chemical engineering. Excel is an effective tool for custom applications and teaching since most scientists and engineers use it regularly. We demonstrate that the Excel add-in for Aspen Properties facilitates the creation of useful custom applications (e.g., analysis and understanding of flammability limits and analysis of pressure variation in batch reactors) – usually within a few hours – enabling big improvements in education and wide deployment of chemical technology. Modern software enables modeling of complex processes – and highlights the challenging areas. This point is elucidated through a promising process for hydrogen production via thermochemical water splitting: the sulfur iodine cycle. The sulfuric acid decomposition section of this process can be simulated accurately, but other sections (acid generation and hydrogen iodide decomposition) illustrate the difficulty of modeling phase behavior, particularly liquid-phase immiscibility, in complex electrolyte systems. The difficulties arise from model inadequacies as well as a lack of fundamental data. However, these difficulties will likely be overcome soon mainly through new data, but also through advance in molecular-thermodynamic models. Property estimation and data regression have progressed as independent silos for the development of Applied thermodynamic models. We discuss the seminal contribution of a recent proposal that combines a segment-based NRTL model with a few (3–4) solubility measurements for a target solute to develop a predictive method for the solubility of this solute in most solvents and solvent mixtures of interest. This proposal creates an effective and efficient work process for solvent selection in the pharmaceutical and specialty chemical industries. The paper concludes by summarizing challenges that remain for the future use of Applied Thermodynamics in chemical technology.
Regis Thiery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual characterization of petroleum fluid inclusions composition and p t trapping conditions by microthermometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy inferences from Applied Thermodynamics of oils
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2002Co-Authors: Regis Thiery, Jacques Pironon, F Walgenwitz, F MontelAbstract:Abstract This paper proposes a new method to characterize individual oil-bearing fluid inclusions. It uses both the homogenisation temperatures measured by microthermometry, and the degree of gas bubble filling measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy, in conjunction with thermodynamic modelling for describing liquid–gas phase transitions and the volumetric behaviour of hydrocarbon mixtures. It is associated with a two-parameter (α, β) compositional model that describes the wide range of compositions of petroleums. We show that this method can give (1) useful estimations of the compositions and pressure–temperature entrapment conditions of oils in fluid inclusions, and (2) insights into the various processes that have affected these fluids either before entrapment (liquid–gas unmixing, gas leaching, mixing, etc.) or after (leakage, etc.).
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pit petroleum inclusion thermodynamic a new modeling tool for the characterization of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions from volumetric and microthermometric measurements
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2000Co-Authors: Regis Thiery, Jacques Pironon, Frederic Walgenwitz, F MontelAbstract:A recent technique, the confocal scanning laser microscopy, allows for the accurate measuring of the bubble filling degree (Fv) of oil fluid inclusions as a function of the temperature [Pironon, J., Canals, M., Dubessy, J., Walgenwitz, F., Laplace-Builhe, C., 1998. Volumetric reconstruction of individual fluid inclusions by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Eur. J. Mineral. 10, 1143–1150]. These data, combined with measurements of homogenization temperature (Th), give us new constraints for characterizing individually hydrocarbon fluid inclusions. For this purpose, a new modeling tool, PIT (Petroleum Inclusion Thermodynamic), based on Applied Thermodynamics of natural oils, has been constructed for interpreting volumetric (Fv) and microthermometric (Th) measurements obtained on hydrocarbon fluid inclusions. The software allows us: (1) to reconstruct the paleo-thermobarometric trapping conditions of oils; (2) to model petroleum inclusion composition; and (3) to understand (Fv–Th) differences among a population of fluid inclusions in terms of various pre- or post-trapping processes (inclusion stretching, oil mixing, liquid/vapor de-mixing, oil leaching by a gas, etc.).
Jacques Pironon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual characterization of petroleum fluid inclusions composition and p t trapping conditions by microthermometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy inferences from Applied Thermodynamics of oils
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2002Co-Authors: Regis Thiery, Jacques Pironon, F Walgenwitz, F MontelAbstract:Abstract This paper proposes a new method to characterize individual oil-bearing fluid inclusions. It uses both the homogenisation temperatures measured by microthermometry, and the degree of gas bubble filling measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy, in conjunction with thermodynamic modelling for describing liquid–gas phase transitions and the volumetric behaviour of hydrocarbon mixtures. It is associated with a two-parameter (α, β) compositional model that describes the wide range of compositions of petroleums. We show that this method can give (1) useful estimations of the compositions and pressure–temperature entrapment conditions of oils in fluid inclusions, and (2) insights into the various processes that have affected these fluids either before entrapment (liquid–gas unmixing, gas leaching, mixing, etc.) or after (leakage, etc.).
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pit petroleum inclusion thermodynamic a new modeling tool for the characterization of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions from volumetric and microthermometric measurements
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2000Co-Authors: Regis Thiery, Jacques Pironon, Frederic Walgenwitz, F MontelAbstract:A recent technique, the confocal scanning laser microscopy, allows for the accurate measuring of the bubble filling degree (Fv) of oil fluid inclusions as a function of the temperature [Pironon, J., Canals, M., Dubessy, J., Walgenwitz, F., Laplace-Builhe, C., 1998. Volumetric reconstruction of individual fluid inclusions by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Eur. J. Mineral. 10, 1143–1150]. These data, combined with measurements of homogenization temperature (Th), give us new constraints for characterizing individually hydrocarbon fluid inclusions. For this purpose, a new modeling tool, PIT (Petroleum Inclusion Thermodynamic), based on Applied Thermodynamics of natural oils, has been constructed for interpreting volumetric (Fv) and microthermometric (Th) measurements obtained on hydrocarbon fluid inclusions. The software allows us: (1) to reconstruct the paleo-thermobarometric trapping conditions of oils; (2) to model petroleum inclusion composition; and (3) to understand (Fv–Th) differences among a population of fluid inclusions in terms of various pre- or post-trapping processes (inclusion stretching, oil mixing, liquid/vapor de-mixing, oil leaching by a gas, etc.).
Ralph C Longsworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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retrospective of mixed refrigerant technology and modern status of cryocoolers based on one stage oil lubricated compressors
Advances in cryogenic engineering, 1998Co-Authors: M J Oiarski, V M Odianski, Ralph C LongsworthAbstract:Advancement of Applied Thermodynamics made it possible starting in the late 1960’s to tackle the problem of developing a highly-efficient single circuit throttling refrigeration cycle. It was shown by means of the exergy analysis that the Carnot efficiency of the well-known throttling refrigeration cycle may be essentially improved by using multi-component refrigerants (MR). Further, based on both Thermodynamics of multi-component mixtures and experimental data on multi-phase vapor-liquid and solid-liquid equilibrium, highly-efficient MRs were proposed for different applications down to cryogenic temperatures. A combination of Thermodynamics and technology allows us to design and build highly-reliable cryocoolers which are now commercially-available, based on one-stage oil-lubricated compressors. These low-cost coolers provide refrigeration in the temperature range from 65 K to more than 130 K depending on the MR composition. The development of this technology along with present applications, are discussed.