The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P S Rainbow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
metallothioneins in Aquatic Invertebrates their role in metal detoxification and their use as biomarkers
Aquatic Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: J C Amiard, Claude Amiardtriquet, S Barka, J Pellerin, P S RainbowAbstract:Abstract The literature on metallothioneins (MT) and metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) in Aquatic Invertebrates is large and increasing, and yet inconsistencies and confusion remain, not least over the physiological role of MT and their use as biomarkers in environmental monitoring programmes. We have collated published information on MT in three important groups of Aquatic Invertebrates—the molluscs, crustaceans and annelid worms, and attempted to seek explanations for some of the apparent inconsistencies present in the dataset. MTs can be induced by the essential metals Cu and Zn and the non-essential metals Cd, Ag and Hg in both vertebrates and Invertebrates, but their induction is variable. Such variation is intraspecific and interspecific, and is down to a variety of reasons environmental and physiological explored here. Against this background of variability MTs do appear to play roles both in the routine metabolic handling of essential Cu and Zn, but also in the detoxification of excess amounts intracellularly of these metals and of non-essential Cd, Ag and Hg. Different isoforms of MT probably play different physiological roles, and the dependence on MT in detoxification processes varies environmentally and between zoological groups. MTs can be used as biomarkers if used wisely in well-designed environmental monitoring programmes.
-
trace metal concentrations in Aquatic Invertebrates why and so what
Environmental Pollution, 2002Co-Authors: P S RainbowAbstract:Abstract All Aquatic Invertebrates take up and accumulate trace metals whether essential or not, and subsequent body concentrations of trace metals show enormous variability across metals and invertebrate taxa. Accumulated metal concentrations are interpreted in terms of different trace metal accumulation patterns, dividing accumulated metals into two components — metabolically available metal and stored detoxified metal. Crustaceans are used as examples of different accumulation patterns that will have a general applicability to all Aquatic Invertebrates. Toxicity is related to a threshold concentration of metabolically available metal and not to total accumulated metal concentration. The significance of accumulated metal concentrations is discussed in terms of the biological significance, including the attempted recognition of a high or low concentration, and of the applied use of Aquatic Invertebrates in biomonitoring programmes assessing geographical and temporal variation in trace metal bioavailabilities in Aquatic systems.
Russell J. Shiel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Granite outcrop pools in south-western Australia: foci of diversification and refugia for Aquatic Invertebrates
2020Co-Authors: Adrian M. Pinder, Stuart Halse, Russell J. Shiel, Jane M. McraeAbstract:Pools and streams on granite outcrops in south-western Australia are reliably filled, but highly seasonal, freshwater habitats that support a diverse array of Aquatic Invertebrates. A recent biological survey of the wheatbelt has more than doubled the number of Invertebrates, to at least 230 species, known from these habitats. Granite outcrops contribute significantly to endemism in the Aquatic fauna of the inland south-west and have particular conservation value for about 50 species, mostly rotifers, microcrustaceans, phreodrilid oligochaetes and chironomid midges, restricted to them. Outcrops may also be important for the wider Aquatic invertebrate fauna as a freshwater habitat, if salinity in the Western Australian wheatbelt continues to increase.
-
Occurrence of Aquatic Invertebrates of the wheatbelt region of Western Australia in relation to salinity
Hydrobiologia, 2005Co-Authors: Adrian M. Pinder, S A Halse, Jane M. Mcrae, Russell J. ShielAbstract:The wheatbelt region of Western Australia has been extensively cleared of indigenous vegetation for agriculture and is now severely affected by dryland salinity. Wetlands that were once freshwater are now saline and others are under threat, as are the animals and plants that inhabit them. Rising groundwater is also affecting the many naturally saline playas. To provide a framework for setting conservation priorities in this region a biological survey was undertaken, including sampling of Aquatic Invertebrates at 230 wetlands. In this paper, we have used data from the survey to summarise occurrence of species in relation to salinity. Total species richness at a wetland showed no response to salinity below 4.1 g l^−1 and then declined dramatically as salinity increased. When halophilic species were excluded from consideration, species richness was found to decline from 2.6 g l^−1. These patterns are compared to previous studies of richness-salinity relationships. There is some evidence that the freshwater invertebrate fauna of the wheatbelt may be comparatively salt tolerant, with 46% of freshwater species collected at salinities above 3 g l^−1 and 17% above 10 g l^−1, though these proportions differed between various invertebrate groups. While this tolerance will provide a buffer against the effects of mild salinisation, many species are at risk of regional extinction as salinisation becomes more widespread.
Lieven Bervoets - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the impact of increased oxygen conditions on metal contaminated sediments part ii effects on metal accumulation and toxicity in Aquatic Invertebrates
Water Research, 2012Co-Authors: M De Jonge, J Teuchies, Patrick Meire, Ronny Blust, Lieven BervoetsAbstract:Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of increasing oxygen concentrations in overlying surface water on the accumulation and toxicity of sediment-bound metals in the Aquatic Invertebrates Lumbriculus variegatus , Asellus Aquaticus and Daphnia magna . A 54 days experiment using three experimental treatments (90% O 2 in overlying surface water, 40% O 2 and a non-polluted control) was conducted. At 6 different time points (after 0, 2, 5, 12, 32 and 54 days) acid volatile sulfides (AVS), simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured in the superficial sediment layer (0–1 cm). At each time point, accumulated metal levels as well as the available energy stores were measured in L. variegatus and A. Aquaticus and each time D. magna was exposed to surface water in a 24 h toxicity test. Additionally metallothionein-like protein (MTLP) induction was quantified in L. variegatus . Oxygen induced changes in sediment AVS resulted in faster accumulation of metals from contaminated sediments in A. Aquaticus , while no differences in toxicity in this species were observed. Ag, Cr, As and Co accumulation as well as toxicity in water exposed D. magna were clearly enhanced after 54 days, caused by oxidation of metal-sulfide complexes. Due to their feeding and burrowing behaviour, metal accumulation and toxicity in L. variegatus was not influenced by geochemical characteristics. Nevertheless, a rapid induction of MTLP was observed in both the 90% O 2 and the 40% O 2 treatment. The present study showed that elevated oxygen concentrations in overlying surface water can directly enhance metal accumulation and toxicity in Aquatic Invertebrates, however this is highly dependent on the organisms ecology and most dominant metal exposure route (water vs. sediment).
-
the relation between acid volatile sulfides avs and metal accumulation in Aquatic Invertebrates implications of feeding behavior and ecology
Environmental Pollution, 2010Co-Authors: Maarten De Jonge, Ronny Blust, Lieven BervoetsAbstract:The present study evaluates the relationship between Acid Volatile Sulfides (AVS) and metal accumulation in Invertebrates with different feeding behavior and ecological preferences. Natural sediments, pore water and surface water, together with benthic and epibenthic Invertebrates were sampled at 28 Flemish lowland rivers. Different metals as well as metal binding sediment characteristics including AVS were measured and multiple regression was used to study their relationship with accumulated metals in the Invertebrates taxa. Bioaccumulation in the benthic taxa was primarily influenced by total metal concentrations in the sediment. Regarding the epibenthic taxa metal accumulation was mostly explained by the more bioavailable metal fractions in both the sediment and the water. AVS concentrations were generally better correlated with metal accumulation in the epibenthic Invertebrates, rather than with the benthic taxa. Our results indicated that the relation between AVS and metal accumulation in Aquatic Invertebrates is highly dependent on feeding behavior and ecology.
Adrian M. Pinder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Granite outcrop pools in south-western Australia: foci of diversification and refugia for Aquatic Invertebrates
2020Co-Authors: Adrian M. Pinder, Stuart Halse, Russell J. Shiel, Jane M. McraeAbstract:Pools and streams on granite outcrops in south-western Australia are reliably filled, but highly seasonal, freshwater habitats that support a diverse array of Aquatic Invertebrates. A recent biological survey of the wheatbelt has more than doubled the number of Invertebrates, to at least 230 species, known from these habitats. Granite outcrops contribute significantly to endemism in the Aquatic fauna of the inland south-west and have particular conservation value for about 50 species, mostly rotifers, microcrustaceans, phreodrilid oligochaetes and chironomid midges, restricted to them. Outcrops may also be important for the wider Aquatic invertebrate fauna as a freshwater habitat, if salinity in the Western Australian wheatbelt continues to increase.
-
Occurrence of Aquatic Invertebrates of the wheatbelt region of Western Australia in relation to salinity
Hydrobiologia, 2005Co-Authors: Adrian M. Pinder, S A Halse, Jane M. Mcrae, Russell J. ShielAbstract:The wheatbelt region of Western Australia has been extensively cleared of indigenous vegetation for agriculture and is now severely affected by dryland salinity. Wetlands that were once freshwater are now saline and others are under threat, as are the animals and plants that inhabit them. Rising groundwater is also affecting the many naturally saline playas. To provide a framework for setting conservation priorities in this region a biological survey was undertaken, including sampling of Aquatic Invertebrates at 230 wetlands. In this paper, we have used data from the survey to summarise occurrence of species in relation to salinity. Total species richness at a wetland showed no response to salinity below 4.1 g l^−1 and then declined dramatically as salinity increased. When halophilic species were excluded from consideration, species richness was found to decline from 2.6 g l^−1. These patterns are compared to previous studies of richness-salinity relationships. There is some evidence that the freshwater invertebrate fauna of the wheatbelt may be comparatively salt tolerant, with 46% of freshwater species collected at salinities above 3 g l^−1 and 17% above 10 g l^−1, though these proportions differed between various invertebrate groups. While this tolerance will provide a buffer against the effects of mild salinisation, many species are at risk of regional extinction as salinisation becomes more widespread.
Samuel N Luoma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
metal toxicity uptake and bioaccumulation in Aquatic Invertebrates modelling zinc in crustaceans
Aquatic Toxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Philip S Rainbow, Samuel N LuomaAbstract:Abstract We use published data on the different patterns of the bioaccumulation of zinc by three crustaceans, the caridean decapod Palaemon elegans, the amphipod Orchestia gammarellus and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite, to construct comparative biodynamic models of the bioaccumulation of zinc into metabolically available and detoxified components of accumulated zinc in each crustacean under both field and laboratory toxicity test conditions. We then link these bioaccumulation models to the onset of toxic effects on exposure of the crustaceans to high dissolved zinc bioavailabilities, using the tenets that toxicity effects are related to the total uptake rate of the toxic metal, and that toxicity is not usually dependent on the total accumulated metal concentration but always on the concentration of accumulated metal that is metabolically available. We dismiss the general concept that there is a critical accumulated body concentration of a metal in an invertebrate at which toxicity ensues, except under specific circumstances involving a rare lack of storage detoxification of accumulated metal. We thus propose a theoretical framework that can be extended to other metals and other Aquatic Invertebrates (indeed other animals) to explain the variation in the relationship between bioaccumulated body concentrations and toxicity, and subsequently to predict this relationship in many other species for which we have bioaccumulation modelling data.
