Araneidae

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Jober Fernando Sobczak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Volker W. Framenau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lariniophora, a new monotypic orb-weaving spider genus from Australia (Araneae: Araneidae: Araneinae)
    Records of the western Australian Museum, 2020
    Co-Authors: Volker W. Framenau
    Abstract:

    A new monotypic genus of orb-weaving spider (Araneidae Clerck, 1758) within the subfamily Araneinae Clerck, 1758 is established: Lariniophora, with L. ragnhildae (Strand, 1917) as type and sole species. The somatic morphology of Lariniophora is similar to Larinia Simon, 1874 and allied genera, however, their genitalia differ considerably. A phylogenetic analysis established close a relationship between Lariniophora and Eriophora Simon, 1864 with which it shares a paramedian apophysis as a long basal extension of the conductor in the male pedipalp. The epigyne is unique within the Araneidae and is composed of an elevated plate and a narrow long scape. Specimens of L. ragnhildae have mainly been found in arid regions of Western Australia but also in the Northern Territory, Queensland, and South Australia. Here these spiders built a conventional orb-web in low shrubs and grassland. Mature spiders have been found between February and October suggesting reproductive activity in winter.

  • phylogeny of the orb weaving spider family Araneidae araneae araneoidea
    Cladistics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Volker W. Framenau, Nikolaj Scharff, Jonathan A Coddington, Todd A Blackledge, Ingi Agnarsson, Tamas Szűts
    Abstract:

    We present a new phylogeny of the spider family Araneidae based on five genes (28S, 18S, COI, H3 and 16S) for 158 taxa, identified and mainly sequenced by us. This includes 25 outgroups and 133 araneid ingroups representing the subfamilies Zygiellinae Simon, 1929, Nephilinae Simon, 1894, and the typical araneids, here informally named the “ARA Clade”. The araneid genera analysed here include roughly 90% of all currently named araneid species. The ARA Clade is the primary focus of this analysis. In taxonomic terms, outgroups comprise 22 genera and 11 families, and the ingroup comprises three Zygiellinae and four Nephilinae genera, and 85 ARA Clade genera (ten new). Within the ARA Clade, we recognize ten informal groups that contain at least three genera each and are supported under Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95): “Caerostrines” (Caerostris, Gnolus and Testudinaria), “Micrathenines” (Acacesia, Micrathena, Ocrepeira, Scoloderus and Verrucosa), “Eriophorines” (Acanthepeira, Alpaida, Eriophora, Parawixia and Wagneriana), “Backobourkiines” (Acroaspis, Backobourkia, Carepalxis, Novakiella, Parawixia, Plebs, Singa and three new genera), “Argiopines” (Arachnura, Acusilas, Argiope, Cyrtophora, Gea, Lariniaria and Mecynogea), “Cyrtarachnines” (Aranoethra, Cyrtarachne, Paraplectana, Pasilobus and Poecilopachys), “Mastophorines” (Celaenia, Exechocentrus and Mastophora,), “Nuctenines” (Larinia, Larinioides and Nuctenea), “Zealaraneines” (Colaranea, Cryptaranea, Paralarinia, Zealaranea and two new genera) and “Gasteracanthines” (Augusta, Acrosomoides, Austracantha, Gasteracantha, Isoxya, Macracantha, Madacantha, Parmatergus and Thelacantha). Few of these groups are currently corroborated by morphology, behaviour, natural history or biogeography. We also include the large genus Araneus, along with Aculepeira, Agalenatea, Anepsion, Araniella, Cercidia, Chorizopes, Cyclosa, Dolophones, Eriovixia, Eustala, Gibbaranea, Hingstepeira, Hypognatha, Kaira, Larinia, Mangora, Metazygia, Metepeira, Neoscona, Paraplectanoides, Perilla, Poltys, Pycnacantha, Spilasma and Telaprocera, but the placement of these genera was generally ambiguous, except for Paraplectanoides, which is strongly supported as sister to traditional Nephilinae. Araneus, Argiope, Eriophora and Larinia are polyphyletic, Araneus implying nine new taxa of genus rank, and Eriophora and Larinia two each. In Araneus and Eriophora, polyphyly was usually due to north temperate generic concepts being used as dumping grounds for species from southern hemisphere regions, e.g. South-East Asia, Australia or New Zealand. Although Araneidae is one of the better studied spider families, too little natural history and/or morphological data are available across these terminals to draw any strong evolutionary conclusions. However, the classical orb web is reconstructed as plesiomorphic for Araneidae, with a single loss in “cyrtarachnines”–“mastophorines”. Web decorations (collectively known as stabilimenta) evolved perhaps five times. Sexual dimorphism generally results from female body size increase with few exceptions; dimorphic taxa are not monophyletic and revert to monomorphism in a few cases.

  • Phylogeny of the orb‐weaving spider family Araneidae (Araneae: Araneoidea)
    Cladistics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nikolaj Scharff, Volker W. Framenau, Jonathan A Coddington, Todd A Blackledge, Ingi Agnarsson, Tamas Szűts, Cheryl Y. Hayashi, Dimitar Dimitrov
    Abstract:

    We present a new phylogeny of the spider family Araneidae based on five genes (28S, 18S, COI, H3 and 16S) for 158 taxa, identified and mainly sequenced by us. This includes 25 outgroups and 133 araneid ingroups representing the subfamilies Zygiellinae Simon, 1929, Nephilinae Simon, 1894, and the typical araneids, here informally named the “ARA Clade”. The araneid genera analysed here include roughly 90% of all currently named araneid species. The ARA Clade is the primary focus of this analysis. In taxonomic terms, outgroups comprise 22 genera and 11 families, and the ingroup comprises three Zygiellinae and four Nephilinae genera, and 85 ARA Clade genera (ten new). Within the ARA Clade, we recognize ten informal groups that contain at least three genera each and are supported under Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95): “Caerostrines” (Caerostris, Gnolus and Testudinaria), “Micrathenines” (Acacesia, Micrathena, Ocrepeira, Scoloderus and Verrucosa), “Eriophorines” (Acanthepeira, Alpaida, Eriophora, Parawixia and Wagneriana), “Backobourkiines” (Acroaspis, Backobourkia, Carepalxis, Novakiella, Parawixia, Plebs, Singa and three new genera), “Argiopines” (Arachnura, Acusilas, Argiope, Cyrtophora, Gea, Lariniaria and Mecynogea), “Cyrtarachnines” (Aranoethra, Cyrtarachne, Paraplectana, Pasilobus and Poecilopachys), “Mastophorines” (Celaenia, Exechocentrus and Mastophora,), “Nuctenines” (Larinia, Larinioides and Nuctenea), “Zealaraneines” (Colaranea, Cryptaranea, Paralarinia, Zealaranea and two new genera) and “Gasteracanthines” (Augusta, Acrosomoides, Austracantha, Gasteracantha, Isoxya, Macracantha, Madacantha, Parmatergus and Thelacantha). Few of these groups are currently corroborated by morphology, behaviour, natural history or biogeography. We also include the large genus Araneus, along with Aculepeira, Agalenatea, Anepsion, Araniella, Cercidia, Chorizopes, Cyclosa, Dolophones, Eriovixia, Eustala, Gibbaranea, Hingstepeira, Hypognatha, Kaira, Larinia, Mangora, Metazygia, Metepeira, Neoscona, Paraplectanoides, Perilla, Poltys, Pycnacantha, Spilasma and Telaprocera, but the placement of these genera was generally ambiguous, except for Paraplectanoides, which is strongly supported as sister to traditional Nephilinae. Araneus, Argiope, Eriophora and Larinia are polyphyletic, Araneus implying nine new taxa of genus rank, and Eriophora and Larinia two each. In Araneus and Eriophora, polyphyly was usually due to north temperate generic concepts being used as dumping grounds for species from southern hemisphere regions, e.g. South-East Asia, Australia or New Zealand. Although Araneidae is one of the better studied spider families, too little natural history and/or morphological data are available across these terminals to draw any strong evolutionary conclusions. However, the classical orb web is reconstructed as plesiomorphic for Araneidae, with a single loss in “cyrtarachnines”–“mastophorines”. Web decorations (collectively known as stabilimenta) evolved perhaps five times. Sexual dimorphism generally results from female body size increase with few exceptions; dimorphic taxa are not monophyletic and revert to monomorphism in a few cases.

  • systematics of the new australasian orb weaving spider genus backobourkia araneae Araneidae araneinae
    Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 2010
    Co-Authors: Todd A Blackledge, Volker W. Framenau, Nadine Duperre, Cor J Vink
    Abstract:

    1 Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia, 6986, Australia [volker.framenau@museum.wa.gov.au] 2 School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia 3 American Museum of Natural History, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA [nduperre@amnh.org] 4 Department of Biology and Integrated Bioscience Program, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3908, USA [blackledge@uakron.edu] 5 Biosecurity Group, AgResearch, Lincoln Science Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand [cor.vink@agresearch.co.nz] 6 Entomology Research Museum, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand

  • telaprocera araneae Araneidae a new genus of australian orb web spiders with highly elongated webs
    Zootaxa, 2008
    Co-Authors: Aaron M T Harmer, Volker W. Framenau
    Abstract:

    A new genus of orb-web spider (Araneidae Simon), Telaprocera gen. nov., including two new species, T. maudae sp. nov. (type species) and T. joanae sp. nov., are described. Telaprocera gen. nov. differs from all other araneid genera by the presence of a dorsal keel on the male cymbium. The known range of Telaprocera maudae sp. nov. is limited to the east coast of Australia, from far northern Queensland to central New South Wales. The spiders are found in closed canopy rainforest and adults can be found year round. Telaprocera joanae sp. nov. has been found from central coastal Queensland to far eastern Victoria. They occur in similar habitats, with similar phenology, as T. maudae sp. nov. Both species build highly elongated orb-webs known as ladder-webs. A variety of phylogenetic analyses based on an updated morphological data matrix for orb-web spiders did not provide a conclusive placement of Telaprocera gen. nov. within the Araneidae. Equally weighted analysis placed the genus as sister to Kaira O. P.-Cambridge and Metepeira F. O. P.Cambridge combined. Strong downweighting of homoplasious characters placed the genus as sister taxon to the traditional Argiopinae Simon. The uncertain phylogenetic position of Telaprocera gen. nov. may reflect the insufficient knowledge of the morphology of Australian taxa—taxa that may possess characters previously not considered in phylogenetic analyses of the Araneidae.

Herbert W Levi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Nikolaj Scharff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phylogeny of the orb weaving spider family Araneidae araneae araneoidea
    Cladistics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Volker W. Framenau, Nikolaj Scharff, Jonathan A Coddington, Todd A Blackledge, Ingi Agnarsson, Tamas Szűts
    Abstract:

    We present a new phylogeny of the spider family Araneidae based on five genes (28S, 18S, COI, H3 and 16S) for 158 taxa, identified and mainly sequenced by us. This includes 25 outgroups and 133 araneid ingroups representing the subfamilies Zygiellinae Simon, 1929, Nephilinae Simon, 1894, and the typical araneids, here informally named the “ARA Clade”. The araneid genera analysed here include roughly 90% of all currently named araneid species. The ARA Clade is the primary focus of this analysis. In taxonomic terms, outgroups comprise 22 genera and 11 families, and the ingroup comprises three Zygiellinae and four Nephilinae genera, and 85 ARA Clade genera (ten new). Within the ARA Clade, we recognize ten informal groups that contain at least three genera each and are supported under Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95): “Caerostrines” (Caerostris, Gnolus and Testudinaria), “Micrathenines” (Acacesia, Micrathena, Ocrepeira, Scoloderus and Verrucosa), “Eriophorines” (Acanthepeira, Alpaida, Eriophora, Parawixia and Wagneriana), “Backobourkiines” (Acroaspis, Backobourkia, Carepalxis, Novakiella, Parawixia, Plebs, Singa and three new genera), “Argiopines” (Arachnura, Acusilas, Argiope, Cyrtophora, Gea, Lariniaria and Mecynogea), “Cyrtarachnines” (Aranoethra, Cyrtarachne, Paraplectana, Pasilobus and Poecilopachys), “Mastophorines” (Celaenia, Exechocentrus and Mastophora,), “Nuctenines” (Larinia, Larinioides and Nuctenea), “Zealaraneines” (Colaranea, Cryptaranea, Paralarinia, Zealaranea and two new genera) and “Gasteracanthines” (Augusta, Acrosomoides, Austracantha, Gasteracantha, Isoxya, Macracantha, Madacantha, Parmatergus and Thelacantha). Few of these groups are currently corroborated by morphology, behaviour, natural history or biogeography. We also include the large genus Araneus, along with Aculepeira, Agalenatea, Anepsion, Araniella, Cercidia, Chorizopes, Cyclosa, Dolophones, Eriovixia, Eustala, Gibbaranea, Hingstepeira, Hypognatha, Kaira, Larinia, Mangora, Metazygia, Metepeira, Neoscona, Paraplectanoides, Perilla, Poltys, Pycnacantha, Spilasma and Telaprocera, but the placement of these genera was generally ambiguous, except for Paraplectanoides, which is strongly supported as sister to traditional Nephilinae. Araneus, Argiope, Eriophora and Larinia are polyphyletic, Araneus implying nine new taxa of genus rank, and Eriophora and Larinia two each. In Araneus and Eriophora, polyphyly was usually due to north temperate generic concepts being used as dumping grounds for species from southern hemisphere regions, e.g. South-East Asia, Australia or New Zealand. Although Araneidae is one of the better studied spider families, too little natural history and/or morphological data are available across these terminals to draw any strong evolutionary conclusions. However, the classical orb web is reconstructed as plesiomorphic for Araneidae, with a single loss in “cyrtarachnines”–“mastophorines”. Web decorations (collectively known as stabilimenta) evolved perhaps five times. Sexual dimorphism generally results from female body size increase with few exceptions; dimorphic taxa are not monophyletic and revert to monomorphism in a few cases.

  • Phylogeny of the orb‐weaving spider family Araneidae (Araneae: Araneoidea)
    Cladistics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nikolaj Scharff, Volker W. Framenau, Jonathan A Coddington, Todd A Blackledge, Ingi Agnarsson, Tamas Szűts, Cheryl Y. Hayashi, Dimitar Dimitrov
    Abstract:

    We present a new phylogeny of the spider family Araneidae based on five genes (28S, 18S, COI, H3 and 16S) for 158 taxa, identified and mainly sequenced by us. This includes 25 outgroups and 133 araneid ingroups representing the subfamilies Zygiellinae Simon, 1929, Nephilinae Simon, 1894, and the typical araneids, here informally named the “ARA Clade”. The araneid genera analysed here include roughly 90% of all currently named araneid species. The ARA Clade is the primary focus of this analysis. In taxonomic terms, outgroups comprise 22 genera and 11 families, and the ingroup comprises three Zygiellinae and four Nephilinae genera, and 85 ARA Clade genera (ten new). Within the ARA Clade, we recognize ten informal groups that contain at least three genera each and are supported under Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95): “Caerostrines” (Caerostris, Gnolus and Testudinaria), “Micrathenines” (Acacesia, Micrathena, Ocrepeira, Scoloderus and Verrucosa), “Eriophorines” (Acanthepeira, Alpaida, Eriophora, Parawixia and Wagneriana), “Backobourkiines” (Acroaspis, Backobourkia, Carepalxis, Novakiella, Parawixia, Plebs, Singa and three new genera), “Argiopines” (Arachnura, Acusilas, Argiope, Cyrtophora, Gea, Lariniaria and Mecynogea), “Cyrtarachnines” (Aranoethra, Cyrtarachne, Paraplectana, Pasilobus and Poecilopachys), “Mastophorines” (Celaenia, Exechocentrus and Mastophora,), “Nuctenines” (Larinia, Larinioides and Nuctenea), “Zealaraneines” (Colaranea, Cryptaranea, Paralarinia, Zealaranea and two new genera) and “Gasteracanthines” (Augusta, Acrosomoides, Austracantha, Gasteracantha, Isoxya, Macracantha, Madacantha, Parmatergus and Thelacantha). Few of these groups are currently corroborated by morphology, behaviour, natural history or biogeography. We also include the large genus Araneus, along with Aculepeira, Agalenatea, Anepsion, Araniella, Cercidia, Chorizopes, Cyclosa, Dolophones, Eriovixia, Eustala, Gibbaranea, Hingstepeira, Hypognatha, Kaira, Larinia, Mangora, Metazygia, Metepeira, Neoscona, Paraplectanoides, Perilla, Poltys, Pycnacantha, Spilasma and Telaprocera, but the placement of these genera was generally ambiguous, except for Paraplectanoides, which is strongly supported as sister to traditional Nephilinae. Araneus, Argiope, Eriophora and Larinia are polyphyletic, Araneus implying nine new taxa of genus rank, and Eriophora and Larinia two each. In Araneus and Eriophora, polyphyly was usually due to north temperate generic concepts being used as dumping grounds for species from southern hemisphere regions, e.g. South-East Asia, Australia or New Zealand. Although Araneidae is one of the better studied spider families, too little natural history and/or morphological data are available across these terminals to draw any strong evolutionary conclusions. However, the classical orb web is reconstructed as plesiomorphic for Araneidae, with a single loss in “cyrtarachnines”–“mastophorines”. Web decorations (collectively known as stabilimenta) evolved perhaps five times. Sexual dimorphism generally results from female body size increase with few exceptions; dimorphic taxa are not monophyletic and revert to monomorphism in a few cases.

  • a phylogenetic analysis of the orb weaving spider family Araneidae arachnida araneae
    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1997
    Co-Authors: Nikolaj Scharff, Jonathan A Coddington
    Abstract:

    We present the first cladistic analysis focused at the tribal and subfamily level of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae. The data matrix of 82 characters scored for 57 araneid genera of 6 subfamilies and 19 tribes (and 13 genera from 8 outgroup families) resulted in 16 slightly different, most parsimonious trees. Successive weighting corroborated 62 of the 66 informative nodes on these cladograms; one is recommended as the ‘working’ araneid phylogeny. The sister group of Araneidae is all other Araneoidea. Araneidae comprises two major clades: the subfamily Araneinae, and the ‘argiopoid’ clade, which includes all other subfamilies and most tribes (((Gasteracanthinae, Caerostreae), (((Micratheninae, Xylethreae),Encyosaccus), (Eurycorminae, Arciinae)), Cyrtarachninae), ((Argiopinae, Cyrtophorinae), Arachnureae)). Cyrtarachneae and Mastophoreae are united in a new subfamily, Cyrtarachninae. The spiny orb-weavers alone (Gasteracanthinae and Micratheninae) are not monophyletic. The mimetid subfamily Arciinae and the ‘tetragnathid’ genusZygiellaare araneids, butNephila(and other tetragnathids) are not. On the preferred tree, web decorations (stabilimenta) evolved 9 times within 15 genera, and were lost once. The use of silk to subdue prey evolved once in cribellate and four times in ecribillate orb weavers. Sexual size dimorphism evolved once in nephilines, twice in araneids, and reverted to monomorphism five times. Evolution in other genitalic and somatic characters is also assessed; behavioral and spinneret features are most consistent (male genitalia, leg and prosomal features least consistent) on the phylogeny.

João Vasconcellos-neto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A New Record of a Host-Parasitoid Interaction: Hymenoepimecis veranii Lofredo & Penteado-Dias, 2009 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Parasitizing Araneus orgaos Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae)
    Journal of Insect Behavior, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jober Fernando Sobczak, Yuri Fanchini Messas, Hebert Da Silva Souza, João Vasconcellos-neto
    Abstract:

    The genus Hymenoepimecis only occurs in the Neotropics. In some species of this genus, the larval stage modifies the behavior of the spider hosts, inducing then to construct a modified web. The wasp Hymenoepimecis veranii has been previously described as an ectoparasitoid of the spider Araneus omnicolor. This study provides detailed information about the natural history of the host-parasitoid interaction involving this wasp with a new host, the spider Araneus orgaos (Araneae: Araneidae), which occurs sympatrically with A. omnicolor.

  • Spatial distribution and substrate selection by the orb-weaver spider Eustala perfida Mello-Leitão, 1947 (Araneae: Araneidae)
    Journal of Natural History, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yuri Fanchini Messas, Marcelo O. Gonzaga, Herbert Da Silva Souza, João Vasconcellos-neto
    Abstract:

    Spider habitat types are often restricted by specific biotic and/or abiotic factors. Abiotic physical limitations include temperature and humidity; and biological conditions influencing spider habitat include vegetation type, natural enemies and prey availability. The orb-weaver spider, Eustala perfida (Araneidae), typically builds its web against tree trunks, where it is highly camouflaged. In the present study, we evaluated E. perfida spatial distribution and substrate selection in Serra do Japi, an Atlantic Forest region located in Jundiai (Sao Paulo, Brazil). We established plots within and at the forest edge at three altitudes, and measured trunk diameter, web height above ground level, presence of trunk concavities, and spider number in trees within plots. Eustala perfida occurred at all three altitudes, and was more common at the intermediate elevation. All individuals were observed within the forest interior, with the highest occurrence on trunks with diameter at breast height > 30 cm. Trunk diame...

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