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Karen Wise - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kilómetro 4 y la ocupación del Periodo Arcaico en el área de Ilo, al sur del Perú
2018Co-Authors: Karen WiseAbstract:Kilometer 4 and the Archaic Period Occupation of the Ilo Area of Southern PeruMore than a decade of research on a series of Archaic Period (roughly 10,000-3000 BP) sites in the Ilo area of southern Peru have yielded enough data on this previously unknown area to outline the long term patterns of development of the Preceramic cultures of this section of the south-central Andean coast. Research at several sites, most notably the Kilometer 4 site, provides evidence of a long and intensive occupation of the region characterized by increasing sedentism and increasingly intensive maritime subsistence through time. During the Early Archaic and Middle Archaic Periods, coastal settlements were small, seasonally occupied sites characterized by a mixed subsistence base. By the Late Archaic Period, settlement size increased, architecture became more substantial and segregation of different areas within the site increased as the exploitation of coastal resources increased. Archaic Period mortuary patterns in the region are clearly associated with those of coastal northern Chile, and preliminary data indicate that Chinchorro mortuary practices prevailed during the Middle Archaic Period while Quiani style patterns emerged during the Late Archaic Period.
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Differences in 14C age between stratigraphically associated charcoal and marine shell from the Archaic Period site of Kilometer 4, Southern Peru: old wood or old water?
Radiocarbon, 2002Co-Authors: Douglas J. Kennett, B. Lynn Ingram, John R. Southon, Karen WiseAbstract:Consistently large differences occur in the calibrated (super 14) C ages of stratigraphically associated shell and charcoal samples from Kilometer 4, an Archaic Period archaeological site located on the extreme south coast of Peru. A series of nine shell and charcoal samples were collected from a Late Archaic Period ( approximately 6000-4000 BP) sector of the site. After calibration, the intercepts of the charcoal dates were approximately 100-750 years older than the paired shell samples. Due to the hyper-arid conditions in this region that promote long-term preservation of organic material, we argue that the older charcoal dates are best explained by people using old wood for fuel during the Middle Holocene. Given this "old wood" problem, marine shell may actually be preferable to wood charcoal for dating archaeological sites in coastal desert environments as in southern Peru and Northern Chile.
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A Late Archaic Period Burial from the South-Central Andean Coast
Latin American Antiquity, 1994Co-Authors: Karen Wise, Niki R. Clark, Sloan R. WilliamsAbstract:Recent excavations at the Late Archaic Period (ca. 300s1000 B.C.) site of Kilometer 4 on the far south coast of Peru exposed a burial containing the remains of a 45-year-old male. The individual was buried with an unus1a(71 assemblage of artifacts that includes bone and shell implements and elaborate and distinctive cotton textiles, as well as a complex of paraphernalia of which some items were apparently associated with the use of hallucinogenic or other substances. Auditory exostoses indicate that the individual had engaged in maritime activities, including diving. Semi-flexed, single interment burials such as this are well known from the coast of northern Chile, but the use of cotton during the Archaic Period on the coast of the south-central Andes has not been well documented in the past.
Douglas J. Kennett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Archaic Period settlement and subsistence in the Maya lowlands: new starch grain and lithic data from Freshwater Creek, Belize
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2014Co-Authors: Robert M. Rosenswig, Deborah M. Pearsall, Marilyn A. Masson, Brendan J. Culleton, Douglas J. KennettAbstract:Excavations and regional reconnaissance survey in Mesoamerica's tropical Maya lowlands of northeastern Belize document the association of a distinctive orange soil horizon with patinated stone tools dating to the Archaic Period (8000–3500 cal BP). Archaic Period deposits of this type were found along the Freshwater Creek drainage and on small islands associated with this riverine system. Stone tool assemblages (n = 778) from these sites indicate a spatial separation of tool use and resharpening at island versus shore sites at Progresso Lagoon and Laguna de On and expand the range of stone tool types reported from the Archaic Period in the region. Starch grains (n = 81) were recovered from seven of these stone tools (two unifaces, four bifaces, and a hammer stone) and indicate that preceramic peoples in northern Belize used these implements to harvest or process maize along with several other domesticated plants species. The presence of starch from chili pepper, manioc, and taxa of the bean and squash families is also documented on a number of the same tools. These data are consistent with paleoecological studies in the region suggesting an extended Period of horticultural activity in the Maya region prior to the adoption of ceramics and settled village life that occurred after ∼3000 cal BP.
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Differences in 14C age between stratigraphically associated charcoal and marine shell from the Archaic Period site of Kilometer 4, Southern Peru: old wood or old water?
Radiocarbon, 2002Co-Authors: Douglas J. Kennett, B. Lynn Ingram, John R. Southon, Karen WiseAbstract:Consistently large differences occur in the calibrated (super 14) C ages of stratigraphically associated shell and charcoal samples from Kilometer 4, an Archaic Period archaeological site located on the extreme south coast of Peru. A series of nine shell and charcoal samples were collected from a Late Archaic Period ( approximately 6000-4000 BP) sector of the site. After calibration, the intercepts of the charcoal dates were approximately 100-750 years older than the paired shell samples. Due to the hyper-arid conditions in this region that promote long-term preservation of organic material, we argue that the older charcoal dates are best explained by people using old wood for fuel during the Middle Holocene. Given this "old wood" problem, marine shell may actually be preferable to wood charcoal for dating archaeological sites in coastal desert environments as in southern Peru and Northern Chile.
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Oxygen Isotopic Analysis of Archaeological Shells to Detect Seasonal Use of Wetlands on the Southern Pacific Coast of Mexico
Journal of Archaeological Science, 1996Co-Authors: Douglas J. Kennett, Barbara VoorhiesAbstract:Abstract Oxygen isotopic ratios in modern and archaeological marsh clam shells ( Polymesoda radiata ) from the Acapetahua Estuary in southwestern Mexico record large scale salinity fluctuations caused by alternating wet and dry seasons. Thus, prehistoric patterns of rainfall can be reconstructed and the season of molluscan death can be estimated. Changes in the oxygen isotopic patterns preserved in marsh clam shells from late Archaic Period ( c . 3000–1800 bc ) archaeological deposits indicate that the season of shellfish harvesting changed dynamically through time in this region. Based on this study, and other lines of archaeological evidence, we argue that hunter–gatherers during the early stages of the late Archaic Period visited locations in the littoral zone throughout the year with a focus during dry season months. Through the late Archaic Period a general trend occurred toward wet season use of these locations. This culminated at the end of the late Archaic Period with the exclusive use of the littoral zone during wet season months. These data indicate a fundamental shift in the way these estuarine locations were being used. We argue that people living in this region altered their overall subsistence strategy during the late Archaic Period due to scheduling conflicts that occurred with the adoption of maize agriculture.
Michael W. Diehl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rational Behavior, the Adoption of Agriculture, and the Organization of Subsistence During the Late Archaic Period in the Greater Tucson Basin
Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 2008Co-Authors: Michael W. DiehlAbstract:Recent descriptions of Late Archaic Period land use in the greater Tucson Basin have described the Cienega phase occupants of the region as either (1) logistically organized with very- long distance hunting forays that adversely afFected the occupants of the montane areas of the Mogollon Rim, (2) fully sedentary with agricultural practices that were more or less identical to those of the later Hohokam, or (3) seasonally-sedentary forager-horticulturists. Using the interpretive framework of behavioral ecology and recently-excavated paleobotanical data, it is shown that the first two models are unlikely. Instead, Cienega Phase occupants of the Tucson Basin may best be characterized as seasonally-sedentary foragers, who made use of multiple residential locations throughout the year.
Maxine E. Mcbrinn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Everything Old Is New Again: Recent Approaches to Research on the Archaic Period in the Western United States
Journal of Archaeological Research, 2010Co-Authors: Maxine E. McbrinnAbstract:There are regional differences in how archaeologists conduct their research on the Archaic Period. The rich array of techniques and approaches used to examine this Period in the West include human behavioral ecology and other evolutionary perspectives, technological style and aspects of practice theory, neuropsychological theory, and more. Recent research in the Great Basin, Southwest, Great Plains, Columbia-Fraser Plateau, and coastal California is surveyed to highlight commonalities and differences in the questions asked of the archaeological data and in the techniques that are used.
Sloan R. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Late Archaic Period Burial from the South-Central Andean Coast
Latin American Antiquity, 1994Co-Authors: Karen Wise, Niki R. Clark, Sloan R. WilliamsAbstract:Recent excavations at the Late Archaic Period (ca. 300s1000 B.C.) site of Kilometer 4 on the far south coast of Peru exposed a burial containing the remains of a 45-year-old male. The individual was buried with an unus1a(71 assemblage of artifacts that includes bone and shell implements and elaborate and distinctive cotton textiles, as well as a complex of paraphernalia of which some items were apparently associated with the use of hallucinogenic or other substances. Auditory exostoses indicate that the individual had engaged in maritime activities, including diving. Semi-flexed, single interment burials such as this are well known from the coast of northern Chile, but the use of cotton during the Archaic Period on the coast of the south-central Andes has not been well documented in the past.