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Charles F. Fulhorst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Catarina virus, an arenaviral species principally associated with neotoma micropus (southern plains woodrat
2016Co-Authors: Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. Bradley, Mary Louise Milazzo, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Abstract. The purpose of this study was to define the taxonomic relationship of an arenavirus principally associated with the southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) in southern Texas to other New World arenaviruses. The results of independent analyses of glycoprotein precursor amino acid sequences and nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequences indicated that the arenavirus in southern Texas is novel (proposed species name Catarina virus) and phylogenetically most closely related to Whitewater Arroyo virus, which is principally associated with the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) in northwestern New Mexico. Together, the close phylogenetic relationship between Catarina virus and Whitewater Arroyo virus and the association of these viral species with congeneric rodent species support the notion that the principal host relationships of some New World arenaviruses are a product of a long-term shared evolutionary relationship between the virus family Arenaviridae and the rodent family Cricetidae
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diversity among tacaribe serocomplex viruses family Arenaviridae associated with the southern plains woodrat neotoma micropus
Virus Research, 2013Co-Authors: Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. Bradley, Mary Louise Milazzo, Matthew R Mauldin, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:The southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) is the principal host of Catarina virus in southern Texas and a natural host of other North American Tacaribe serocomplex viruses. The objectives of this study were to increase our knowledge of the genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus and to define better the natural host relationships of these viruses. Pairwise comparisons of complete glycoprotein precursor gene sequences and complete nucleocapsid protein gene sequences revealed a high level of genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus in western Oklahoma, southern New Mexico, and northern and southern Texas. Collectively, the results of Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences and pairwise comparisons of amino acid sequences confirmed that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in Oklahoma and New Mexico should be included in the Whitewater Arroyo species complex, and indicated that that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in northern Texas are strains of a novel arenaviral species – tentatively named “Middle Pease River virus”. Together, the results of assays for arenavirus and assays for anti-arenavirus antibody in 54 southern plains woodrats and 325 other rodents captured at 2 localities suggested that the southern plains woodrat is the principal host of Middle Pease River virus in northern Texas.
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NATURAL RODENT HOST ASSOCIATIONS OF GUANARITO AND PIRITAL VIRUSES (FAMILY Arenaviridae) IN CENTRAL VENEZUELA
2013Co-Authors: Charles F. Fulhorst, Michael D. Bowen, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Rosa Alba Salas, Nuris De Manzione, Gloria Duno, Antonio Utrera, Edith De Miller, Clovis VasquezAbstract:Abstract. The objective of this study was to elucidate the natural rodent host relationships of Guanarito and Pirital viruses (family Arenaviridae) in the plains of central Venezuela. Ninety-two arenavirus isolates from 607 animals, representing 10 different rodent species, were characterized to the level of serotype. The 92 isolates comprised 19 Guanarito virus strains and 73 Pirital virus strains. The 19 Guanarito virus isolates were from Zygodontomys brevicauda; 72 (98.6%) of the 73 Pirital virus isolates were from Sigmodon alstoni. These results indicate that the natural rodent associations of these 2 sympatric arenaviruses are highly specific and that Z. brevicauda and S. alstoni are the principal rodent hosts of Guanarito and Pirital viruses, respectively. Guanarito (GTO) virus (family Arenaviridae) is the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF), a rodent-borne zoonosis that is endemic in the plains of central Venezuela. 1,2 In the first large-scale study on the epidemiology of VHF, 3 31 arenavirus isolates (all presumed to be strains of GTO virus) were recovered from 206 wild rodents collected in 1992 from the Municipality of Guanarito, State of Portuguesa. The 31 virus isolates included 19 from 3
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Genetic Evidence for a Tacaribe
2013Co-Authors: Catherine C. Inizan, Robert D. Bradley, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Mary Louise Milazzo, Artemio Barragán-gomez, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:We isolated arenavirus RNA from white-toothed woodrats (Neotoma leucodon) captured in a region of Mexico in which woodrats are food for humans. Analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequence data indicated that the woodrats were infected with a novel Tacaribe serocomplex virus, proposed name Real de Catorce virus. The Tacaribe serocomplex (family Arenaviridae, genus Arenavirus) comprises 7 North American viruse
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duration of catarina virus infection in the southern plains woodrat neotoma micropus
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Mary Louise Milazzo, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Four adult male, 6 sub-adult, and 7 newborn southern plains woodrats (Neotoma micropus) each were inoculated subcutaneously with 3.1 log(10) median cell culture infectious doses (CCID(50)) of Catarina virus strain AV A0400135 (virus family Arenaviridae). The inoculated animals and the mothers of the newborn animals all became infected and remained asymptomatic. The infections in the adult male woodrats and in the mother woodrats were transient, the infections in 2 (33.3%) of the sub-adult woodrats persisted through month 4 post-inoculation, and 6 (85.7%) of the newborn woodrats were viruric through month 5 post-inoculation. Collectively these findings indicate that the duration of infection in the southern plains woodrat is dependent upon age at exposure to Catarina virus. The results of this study also indicate that chronically infected woodrats persistently shed Catarina virus into the environment.
Mary Louise Milazzo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Catarina virus, an arenaviral species principally associated with neotoma micropus (southern plains woodrat
2016Co-Authors: Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. Bradley, Mary Louise Milazzo, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Abstract. The purpose of this study was to define the taxonomic relationship of an arenavirus principally associated with the southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) in southern Texas to other New World arenaviruses. The results of independent analyses of glycoprotein precursor amino acid sequences and nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequences indicated that the arenavirus in southern Texas is novel (proposed species name Catarina virus) and phylogenetically most closely related to Whitewater Arroyo virus, which is principally associated with the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) in northwestern New Mexico. Together, the close phylogenetic relationship between Catarina virus and Whitewater Arroyo virus and the association of these viral species with congeneric rodent species support the notion that the principal host relationships of some New World arenaviruses are a product of a long-term shared evolutionary relationship between the virus family Arenaviridae and the rodent family Cricetidae
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diversity among tacaribe serocomplex viruses family Arenaviridae associated with the southern plains woodrat neotoma micropus
Virus Research, 2013Co-Authors: Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. Bradley, Mary Louise Milazzo, Matthew R Mauldin, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:The southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) is the principal host of Catarina virus in southern Texas and a natural host of other North American Tacaribe serocomplex viruses. The objectives of this study were to increase our knowledge of the genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus and to define better the natural host relationships of these viruses. Pairwise comparisons of complete glycoprotein precursor gene sequences and complete nucleocapsid protein gene sequences revealed a high level of genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus in western Oklahoma, southern New Mexico, and northern and southern Texas. Collectively, the results of Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences and pairwise comparisons of amino acid sequences confirmed that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in Oklahoma and New Mexico should be included in the Whitewater Arroyo species complex, and indicated that that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in northern Texas are strains of a novel arenaviral species – tentatively named “Middle Pease River virus”. Together, the results of assays for arenavirus and assays for anti-arenavirus antibody in 54 southern plains woodrats and 325 other rodents captured at 2 localities suggested that the southern plains woodrat is the principal host of Middle Pease River virus in northern Texas.
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Genetic Evidence for a Tacaribe
2013Co-Authors: Catherine C. Inizan, Robert D. Bradley, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Mary Louise Milazzo, Artemio Barragán-gomez, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:We isolated arenavirus RNA from white-toothed woodrats (Neotoma leucodon) captured in a region of Mexico in which woodrats are food for humans. Analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequence data indicated that the woodrats were infected with a novel Tacaribe serocomplex virus, proposed name Real de Catorce virus. The Tacaribe serocomplex (family Arenaviridae, genus Arenavirus) comprises 7 North American viruse
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duration of catarina virus infection in the southern plains woodrat neotoma micropus
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Mary Louise Milazzo, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Four adult male, 6 sub-adult, and 7 newborn southern plains woodrats (Neotoma micropus) each were inoculated subcutaneously with 3.1 log(10) median cell culture infectious doses (CCID(50)) of Catarina virus strain AV A0400135 (virus family Arenaviridae). The inoculated animals and the mothers of the newborn animals all became infected and remained asymptomatic. The infections in the adult male woodrats and in the mother woodrats were transient, the infections in 2 (33.3%) of the sub-adult woodrats persisted through month 4 post-inoculation, and 6 (85.7%) of the newborn woodrats were viruric through month 5 post-inoculation. Collectively these findings indicate that the duration of infection in the southern plains woodrat is dependent upon age at exposure to Catarina virus. The results of this study also indicate that chronically infected woodrats persistently shed Catarina virus into the environment.
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diversity among tacaribe serocomplex viruses family Arenaviridae naturally associated with the white throated woodrat neotoma albigula in the southwestern united states
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Mary Louise Milazzo, Robert D. Bradley, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Michelle L Haynie, Ken D Abbott, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Bayesian analyses of glycoprotein precursor and nucleocapsid protein gene sequences indicated that arenaviruses naturally associated with white-throated woodrats in central Arizona are phylogenetically closely related to the Whitewater Arroyo virus prototype strain AV 9310135, which originally was isolated from a white-throated woodrat captured in northwestern New Mexico. Pairwise comparisons of glycoprotein precursor and nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequences revealed extensive diversity among arenaviruses isolated from white-throated woodrats captured in different counties in central Arizona and extensive diversity between these viruses and Whitewater Arroyo virus strain AV 9310135. It was concluded that the viruses isolated from the white-throated woodrats captured in Arizona represent 2 novel species (Big Brushy Tank virus and Tonto Creek virus) and that these species should be included with Whitewater Arroyo virus in a species complex within the Tacaribe serocomplex (family Arenaviridae, genus Are...
Robert D. Bradley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Catarina virus, an arenaviral species principally associated with neotoma micropus (southern plains woodrat
2016Co-Authors: Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. Bradley, Mary Louise Milazzo, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Abstract. The purpose of this study was to define the taxonomic relationship of an arenavirus principally associated with the southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) in southern Texas to other New World arenaviruses. The results of independent analyses of glycoprotein precursor amino acid sequences and nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequences indicated that the arenavirus in southern Texas is novel (proposed species name Catarina virus) and phylogenetically most closely related to Whitewater Arroyo virus, which is principally associated with the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) in northwestern New Mexico. Together, the close phylogenetic relationship between Catarina virus and Whitewater Arroyo virus and the association of these viral species with congeneric rodent species support the notion that the principal host relationships of some New World arenaviruses are a product of a long-term shared evolutionary relationship between the virus family Arenaviridae and the rodent family Cricetidae
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diversity among tacaribe serocomplex viruses family Arenaviridae associated with the southern plains woodrat neotoma micropus
Virus Research, 2013Co-Authors: Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. Bradley, Mary Louise Milazzo, Matthew R Mauldin, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:The southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) is the principal host of Catarina virus in southern Texas and a natural host of other North American Tacaribe serocomplex viruses. The objectives of this study were to increase our knowledge of the genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus and to define better the natural host relationships of these viruses. Pairwise comparisons of complete glycoprotein precursor gene sequences and complete nucleocapsid protein gene sequences revealed a high level of genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus in western Oklahoma, southern New Mexico, and northern and southern Texas. Collectively, the results of Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences and pairwise comparisons of amino acid sequences confirmed that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in Oklahoma and New Mexico should be included in the Whitewater Arroyo species complex, and indicated that that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in northern Texas are strains of a novel arenaviral species – tentatively named “Middle Pease River virus”. Together, the results of assays for arenavirus and assays for anti-arenavirus antibody in 54 southern plains woodrats and 325 other rodents captured at 2 localities suggested that the southern plains woodrat is the principal host of Middle Pease River virus in northern Texas.
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Arenavirus Naturally Associated with the California Mouse
2013Co-Authors: Bear Canyon, James P Webb, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. BradleyAbstract:Thirty-four rodents captured in southern California were studied to increase our knowledge of the arenaviruses indigenous to the western United States. An infectious arenavirus was isolated from 5 of 27 California mice but none of the 7 other rodents. Analyses of viral nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data indicated that the isolates from the California mice are strains of a novel Tacaribe serocomplex virus (proposed name “Bear Canyon”) that is phylogenetically most closely related to Whitewater Arroyo and Tamiami viruses, the only other Tacaribe serocomplex viruses known to occur in North America. The discovery of Bear Canyon virus is the first unequivocal evidence that the virus family Arenaviridae is naturally associated with the rodent genus Peromyscus and that a Tacaribe serocomplex virus occurs in California. he virus family Arenaviridae comprises two serocomplexes (1). The lymphocytic choriomeningitis-Lassa (Old World) complex includes lymphocytic choriomeningiti
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Genetic Evidence for a Tacaribe
2013Co-Authors: Catherine C. Inizan, Robert D. Bradley, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Mary Louise Milazzo, Artemio Barragán-gomez, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:We isolated arenavirus RNA from white-toothed woodrats (Neotoma leucodon) captured in a region of Mexico in which woodrats are food for humans. Analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequence data indicated that the woodrats were infected with a novel Tacaribe serocomplex virus, proposed name Real de Catorce virus. The Tacaribe serocomplex (family Arenaviridae, genus Arenavirus) comprises 7 North American viruse
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diversity among tacaribe serocomplex viruses family Arenaviridae naturally associated with the white throated woodrat neotoma albigula in the southwestern united states
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Mary Louise Milazzo, Robert D. Bradley, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Michelle L Haynie, Ken D Abbott, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Bayesian analyses of glycoprotein precursor and nucleocapsid protein gene sequences indicated that arenaviruses naturally associated with white-throated woodrats in central Arizona are phylogenetically closely related to the Whitewater Arroyo virus prototype strain AV 9310135, which originally was isolated from a white-throated woodrat captured in northwestern New Mexico. Pairwise comparisons of glycoprotein precursor and nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequences revealed extensive diversity among arenaviruses isolated from white-throated woodrats captured in different counties in central Arizona and extensive diversity between these viruses and Whitewater Arroyo virus strain AV 9310135. It was concluded that the viruses isolated from the white-throated woodrats captured in Arizona represent 2 novel species (Big Brushy Tank virus and Tonto Creek virus) and that these species should be included with Whitewater Arroyo virus in a species complex within the Tacaribe serocomplex (family Arenaviridae, genus Are...
Maria N. B. Cajimat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Catarina virus, an arenaviral species principally associated with neotoma micropus (southern plains woodrat
2016Co-Authors: Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. Bradley, Mary Louise Milazzo, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Abstract. The purpose of this study was to define the taxonomic relationship of an arenavirus principally associated with the southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) in southern Texas to other New World arenaviruses. The results of independent analyses of glycoprotein precursor amino acid sequences and nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequences indicated that the arenavirus in southern Texas is novel (proposed species name Catarina virus) and phylogenetically most closely related to Whitewater Arroyo virus, which is principally associated with the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) in northwestern New Mexico. Together, the close phylogenetic relationship between Catarina virus and Whitewater Arroyo virus and the association of these viral species with congeneric rodent species support the notion that the principal host relationships of some New World arenaviruses are a product of a long-term shared evolutionary relationship between the virus family Arenaviridae and the rodent family Cricetidae
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diversity among tacaribe serocomplex viruses family Arenaviridae associated with the southern plains woodrat neotoma micropus
Virus Research, 2013Co-Authors: Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. Bradley, Mary Louise Milazzo, Matthew R Mauldin, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:The southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) is the principal host of Catarina virus in southern Texas and a natural host of other North American Tacaribe serocomplex viruses. The objectives of this study were to increase our knowledge of the genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus and to define better the natural host relationships of these viruses. Pairwise comparisons of complete glycoprotein precursor gene sequences and complete nucleocapsid protein gene sequences revealed a high level of genetic diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses associated with N. micropus in western Oklahoma, southern New Mexico, and northern and southern Texas. Collectively, the results of Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences and pairwise comparisons of amino acid sequences confirmed that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in Oklahoma and New Mexico should be included in the Whitewater Arroyo species complex, and indicated that that the arenaviruses associated with N. micropus in northern Texas are strains of a novel arenaviral species – tentatively named “Middle Pease River virus”. Together, the results of assays for arenavirus and assays for anti-arenavirus antibody in 54 southern plains woodrats and 325 other rodents captured at 2 localities suggested that the southern plains woodrat is the principal host of Middle Pease River virus in northern Texas.
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Arenavirus Naturally Associated with the California Mouse
2013Co-Authors: Bear Canyon, James P Webb, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Robert D. BradleyAbstract:Thirty-four rodents captured in southern California were studied to increase our knowledge of the arenaviruses indigenous to the western United States. An infectious arenavirus was isolated from 5 of 27 California mice but none of the 7 other rodents. Analyses of viral nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data indicated that the isolates from the California mice are strains of a novel Tacaribe serocomplex virus (proposed name “Bear Canyon”) that is phylogenetically most closely related to Whitewater Arroyo and Tamiami viruses, the only other Tacaribe serocomplex viruses known to occur in North America. The discovery of Bear Canyon virus is the first unequivocal evidence that the virus family Arenaviridae is naturally associated with the rodent genus Peromyscus and that a Tacaribe serocomplex virus occurs in California. he virus family Arenaviridae comprises two serocomplexes (1). The lymphocytic choriomeningitis-Lassa (Old World) complex includes lymphocytic choriomeningiti
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Genetic Evidence for a Tacaribe
2013Co-Authors: Catherine C. Inizan, Robert D. Bradley, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Mary Louise Milazzo, Artemio Barragán-gomez, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:We isolated arenavirus RNA from white-toothed woodrats (Neotoma leucodon) captured in a region of Mexico in which woodrats are food for humans. Analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequence data indicated that the woodrats were infected with a novel Tacaribe serocomplex virus, proposed name Real de Catorce virus. The Tacaribe serocomplex (family Arenaviridae, genus Arenavirus) comprises 7 North American viruse
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diversity among tacaribe serocomplex viruses family Arenaviridae naturally associated with the white throated woodrat neotoma albigula in the southwestern united states
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Mary Louise Milazzo, Robert D. Bradley, Maria N. B. Cajimat, Michelle L Haynie, Ken D Abbott, Charles F. FulhorstAbstract:Bayesian analyses of glycoprotein precursor and nucleocapsid protein gene sequences indicated that arenaviruses naturally associated with white-throated woodrats in central Arizona are phylogenetically closely related to the Whitewater Arroyo virus prototype strain AV 9310135, which originally was isolated from a white-throated woodrat captured in northwestern New Mexico. Pairwise comparisons of glycoprotein precursor and nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequences revealed extensive diversity among arenaviruses isolated from white-throated woodrats captured in different counties in central Arizona and extensive diversity between these viruses and Whitewater Arroyo virus strain AV 9310135. It was concluded that the viruses isolated from the white-throated woodrats captured in Arizona represent 2 novel species (Big Brushy Tank virus and Tonto Creek virus) and that these species should be included with Whitewater Arroyo virus in a species complex within the Tacaribe serocomplex (family Arenaviridae, genus Are...
Thomas G. Ksiazek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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NATURAL RODENT HOST ASSOCIATIONS OF GUANARITO AND PIRITAL VIRUSES (FAMILY Arenaviridae) IN CENTRAL VENEZUELA
2013Co-Authors: Charles F. Fulhorst, Michael D. Bowen, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Rosa Alba Salas, Nuris De Manzione, Gloria Duno, Antonio Utrera, Edith De Miller, Clovis VasquezAbstract:Abstract. The objective of this study was to elucidate the natural rodent host relationships of Guanarito and Pirital viruses (family Arenaviridae) in the plains of central Venezuela. Ninety-two arenavirus isolates from 607 animals, representing 10 different rodent species, were characterized to the level of serotype. The 92 isolates comprised 19 Guanarito virus strains and 73 Pirital virus strains. The 19 Guanarito virus isolates were from Zygodontomys brevicauda; 72 (98.6%) of the 73 Pirital virus isolates were from Sigmodon alstoni. These results indicate that the natural rodent associations of these 2 sympatric arenaviruses are highly specific and that Z. brevicauda and S. alstoni are the principal rodent hosts of Guanarito and Pirital viruses, respectively. Guanarito (GTO) virus (family Arenaviridae) is the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF), a rodent-borne zoonosis that is endemic in the plains of central Venezuela. 1,2 In the first large-scale study on the epidemiology of VHF, 3 31 arenavirus isolates (all presumed to be strains of GTO virus) were recovered from 206 wild rodents collected in 1992 from the Municipality of Guanarito, State of Portuguesa. The 31 virus isolates included 19 from 3
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High Diversity and Ancient Common Ancestry of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
2013Co-Authors: Cesar G. Albariño, Thomas Briese, Gustavo Palacios, Jeffrey Hui, James A. Comer, Bobbie R. Erickson, Marina L. Khristova, Serena A. Carroll, Kirsten St. George, Thomas G. KsiazekAbstract:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is the prototype of the family Arenaviridae. LCMV can be associated with severe disease in humans, and its global distribution refl ects the broad dispersion of the primary rodent reservoir, the house mouse (Mus musculus). Recent interest in the natural history of the virus has been stimulated by increasing recognition of LCMV infections during pregnancy, and in clusters of LCMV-associated fatal illness among tissue transplant recipients. Despite its public health importance, little is known regarding the genetic diversity or distribution of virus variants. Genomic analysis of 29 LCMV strains collected from a variety of geographic and temporal sources showed these viruses to be highly diverse. Several distinct lineages exist, but there is little correlation with time or place of isolation. Bayesian analysis estimates the most recent common ancestor to be 1,000–5,000 years old, and this long history is consistent with complex phylogeographic relationships of the extant virus isolates. The rodent-borne arenaviruses (family Arenaviridae) are enveloped viruses with bisegmented RNA genomes that include several causative agents of hemorrhagic fevers in the New World and Africa (1). The large (L) genome RNA segment encodes the virus polymerase L and the Z protein, whereas the small (S) genome RNA segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and glycoprotein precursor (GPC). The prototypic arenavirus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), is distributed worldwid
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High diversity and ancient common ancestry of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Cesar G. Albariño, Thomas Briese, Gustavo Palacios, Jeffrey Hui, James A. Comer, Bobbie R. Erickson, Marina L. Khristova, Serena A. Carroll, Kirsten St. George, Thomas G. KsiazekAbstract:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is the prototype of the family Arenaviridae. LCMV can be associated with severe disease in humans, and its global distribution reflects the broad dispersion of the primary rodent reservoir, the house mouse (Mus musculus). Recent interest in the natural history of the virus has been stimulated by increasing recognition of LCMV infections during pregnancy, and in clusters of LCMV-associated fatal illness among tissue transplant recipients. Despite its public health importance, little is known regarding the genetic diversity or distribution of virus variants. Genomic analysis of 29 LCMV strains collected from a variety of geographic and temporal sources showed these viruses to be highly diverse. Several distinct lineages exist, but there is little correlation with time or place of isolation. Bayesian analysis estimates the most recent common ancestor to be 1,000–5,000 years old, and this long history is consistent with complex phylogeographic relationships of the extant virus isolates.
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natural nidality in bolivian hemorrhagic fever and the systematics of the reservoir species
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2002Co-Authors: Jorge Salazarbravo, Michael D. Bowen, Thomas G. Ksiazek, C J Peters, Jerry W Dragoo, Terry L YatesAbstract:Zoonoses within wild reservoir host populations often occur focally obeying Pavlovskii’s rules of “natural nidality”. What appears to be a clear example is Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), a disease endemic to northeastern Bolivia. The etiological agent is Machupo virus (MACV, Arenaviridae). The vertebrate reservoir, identified 30 years ago, was Calomys callosus a wild rodent common to open biomes in the lowlands of southeastern South America. The lack of concordance between the occurrence of MACV and the range of its rodent host has puzzled cadres of researchers and could be used as an exemplar of natural nidality. Here, we show that the populations of rodents responsible for the maintenance and transmission of MACV are an independent monophyletic lineage, different from those in other areas of South America. Therefore a clearer understanding of the systematics of the host species explains the apparent natural nidality of BHF. Similar studies may prove to be informative in other zoonoses. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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Experimental Infection of the Cane Mouse Zygodontomys brevicauda (Family Muridae) with Guanarito Virus (Arenaviridae), the Etiologic Agent of Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever
The Journal of infectious diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Charles F. Fulhorst, Thomas G. KsiazekAbstract:Chronic infections in specific rodents appear to be crucial to the long-term persistence of arenaviruses in nature. The cane mouse, Zygodontomys brevicauda, is a natural host of Guanarito virus (family Arenaviridae), the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the natural history of Guanarito virus infection in Z. brevicauda. Thirty-nine laboratory-reared cane mice each were inoculated subcutaneously with 3.0 log10 plaque-forming units of the Guanarito virus prototype strain INH-95551. No lethality was associated with infection in any animal, regardless of age at inoculation. The 13 newborn, 14 weanling, and 8 of the 12 adult animals developed chronic viremic infections characterized by persistent shedding of infectious virus in oropharyngeal secretions and urine. These findings indicate that Guanarito virus infection in Z. brevicauda can be chronic and thus support the concept that this rodent species is the natural reservoir of Guanarito virus.