The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David S. Celermajer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Telomere length in early childhood: Early life risk factors and association with carotid intima-media thickness in later childhood
European journal of preventive cardiology, 2015Co-Authors: Michael R. Skilton, Julian Ayer, Jason A. Harmer, Stephen R. Leeder, Guy B. Marks, Shirley Nakhla, Brett G. Toelle, Graham Jones, David S. CelermajerAbstract:BackgroundReduced telomere length is a measure of biological aging that is predictive of cardiac events in adults, and has been mechanistically implicated in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. We sought to describe the early life factors associated with leukocyte telomere length in early childhood, and to determine whether telomere length measured during early childhood is associated with Arterial Wall Thickening later in childhood.DesignA longitudinal birth cohort recruited antenatally in Sydney from 1997 to 1999.MethodsLeukocyte telomere length was measured in 331 children at age 3.6 years (SD 1.0); of whom 268 children without diabetes had carotid intima-media thickness assessed by ultrasound at age 8 years.ResultsMale sex, younger paternal age and higher maternal body mass index were associated with shorter telomere length in early childhood, which in turn was associated with greater carotid intima-media thickness at age 8 years (standardised β = −0.159, P = 0.01). There was a graded associ...
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impaired fetal growth and Arterial Wall Thickening a randomized trial of omega 3 supplementation
Pediatrics, 2012Co-Authors: Michael R. Skilton, Julian Ayer, Jason A. Harmer, Karen Webb, Stephen R. Leeder, Guy B. Marks, David S. CelermajerAbstract:OBJECTIVES: Impaired fetal growth is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with Arterial Wall Thickening in children. No preventive strategy has been identified. We sought to determine whether dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during early childhood prevents the association between impaired fetal growth and carotid Arterial Wall Thickening. METHODS: The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study was a randomized, controlled single-blind trial in 616 children born at term, recruited antenatally from maternity hospitals in Sydney. Participants were randomized to either a 500-mg-daily fish oil supplement and canola-based margarines and cooking oil (omega-3 group), or a 500-mg-daily sunflower oil supplement and omega-6 fatty acid–rich margarines and cooking oil (control group), from the start of bottle-feeding or 6 months of age until 5 years of age. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a noninvasive measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, was the primary endpoint of a cardiovascular substudy (CardioCAPS) at age 8 years. We examined the association of fetal growth with carotid IMT in children with birth weight <90th percentile (omega-3 group [ n = 187], control group [ n = 176]). RESULTS: In the control group, fetal growth was inversely associated with carotid IMT, but this was prevented in the omega-3 group (difference between groups of 0.041 mm [95% confidence interval 0.006, 0.075] per kg birth weight, adjusted for gestational age and gender, Pheterogeneity = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The inverse association of fetal growth with Arterial Wall thickness in childhood can be prevented by dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation over the first 5 years of life. * Abbreviations: CAPS — : Childhood Asthma Prevention Study CI — : confidence interval DHA — : docosahexaenoic acid EPA — : eicosapentaenoic acid IMT — : intima-media thickness
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Impaired Fetal Growth and Arterial Wall Thickening: A Randomized Trial of Omega-3 Supplementation
Pediatrics, 2012Co-Authors: Michael R. Skilton, Julian Ayer, Jason A. Harmer, Karen Webb, Stephen R. Leeder, Guy B. Marks, David S. CelermajerAbstract:OBJECTIVES: Impaired fetal growth is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with Arterial Wall Thickening in children. No preventive strategy has been identified. We sought to determine whether dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during early childhood prevents the association between impaired fetal growth and carotid Arterial Wall Thickening. METHODS: The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study was a randomized, controlled single-blind trial in 616 children born at term, recruited antenatally from maternity hospitals in Sydney. Participants were randomized to either a 500-mg-daily fish oil supplement and canola-based margarines and cooking oil (omega-3 group), or a 500-mg-daily sunflower oil supplement and omega-6 fatty acid–rich margarines and cooking oil (control group), from the start of bottle-feeding or 6 months of age until 5 years of age. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a noninvasive measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, was the primary endpoint of a cardiovascular substudy (CardioCAPS) at age 8 years. We examined the association of fetal growth with carotid IMT in children with birth weight
Yoshiki Nishizawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Associations between physical activity, peripheral atherosclerosis and bone status in healthy Japanese women.
Atherosclerosis, 2005Co-Authors: Shinsuke Yamada, Masanori Emoto, Masaaki Inaba, Hitoshi Goto, Mayumi Nagata-sakurai, Yasuro Kumeda, Yasuo Imanishi, Eiji Ishimura, Yoshiki NishizawaAbstract:Abstract The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether physical activity and bone status may affect Arterial Thickening and stiffening in healthy Japanese women. Healthy women ( n =149; mean age, 54 years) were recruited from those who participated in a local health check program at the Osaka City University Hospital. Physical activity was assessed by physical functioning score of SF-36, and bone status by bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine and calcaneus osteo-sono index (OSI). Arterial Wall Thickening assessed by intima–media thickness (IMT) in common carotid artery (CA) and femoral artery (FA), and Arterial Wall stiffening by peak wave velocity (PWV) in heart–carotid (hc) and heart–femoral (hf) as central segment and in heart–brachial (hb) and femoral–ankle (fa) as peripheral segment, respectively. By Spearman Rank correlation, lumbar spine BMD was correlated negatively with CA IMT ( ρ =−0.225, p ρ =−0.215, p ρ =−0.330, p ρ =−0051, p =0.5335). Both lumbar spine BMD and calcaneus OSI correlated negatively with PWV in all segments (all p p β =−0.240, p =0.0039) but not lumbar spine BMD ( β =−0.067, p =0.4541) with FA IMT, although neither lumbar spine BMD nor calcaneus OSI was associated with CA IMT. Furthermore, physical functioning score was independently associated with hb and fa PWV but not hc and hf PWV, suggesting the preferential association with peripheral segment including lower extremities. Neither lumbar spine BMD nor calcaneus OSI was associated with any segment of PWV. In conclusion, it was suggested that calcaneus OSI might be associated with Arterial Wall Thickening preferentially in femoral artery, and that physical activity may be associated with Arterial Wall stiffening in peripheral segment including lower extremity but not in central segment in healthy Japanese women.
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The 807T Allele in α2 Integrin Is Protective Against Atherosclerotic Arterial Wall Thickening and the Occurrence of Plaque in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes, 2002Co-Authors: Takaaki Maeno, Hidenori Koyama, Hideki Tahara, Miyoko Komatsu, Masanori Emoto, Tetsuo Shoji, Masaaki Inaba, Takami Miki, Yasuhisa Okuno, Yoshiki NishizawaAbstract:Polymorphism of α2 integrin (C807T) is shown to be associated with an increased incidence of thrombotic cardiovascular events. However, it is not clear whether this polymorphism is associated with atherosclerotic Arterial Wall Thickening. In this study, we examined the association of C807T polymorphism with Arterial Wall thickness in 265 control subjects and 272 patients with type 2 diabetes. In all subjects, intima-media thickness of the right carotid artery in the 807TT group (0.649 ± 0.028 mm [SE]) was significantly ( P = 0.0228, Scheffe’s F test) less than in the 807CC group (0.767 ± 0.033). This effect of polymorphism is gene dose dependent ( P = 0.0227, ANOVA). The similar association was also observed in patients with diabetes but not in control subjects. Multiple regression analysis in all subjects revealed that the T allele was inversely (β = −0.095, P = 0.021) associated with intima-media thickness independent of age, HbA 1c , and HDL cholesterol. Finally, an inverse relation between the occurrence of carotid plaque and the T allele was observed in patients with diabetes with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.487 ( P = 0.031) in multiple logistic regression analyses. These results suggest that the number of 807T alleles in α2 integrin is protective against atherosclerotic Arterial Wall Thickening and the occurrence of plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Wolfgang A. Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Imaging in large-vessel vasculitis.
Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 2020Co-Authors: Wolfgang A. Schmidt, Berit D. NielsenAbstract:Imaging has recently been acknowledged as at least equivalent to histology for confirming large-vessel vasculitis in the recommendations of scientific societies. Many studies have been recently published on the use of ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Ultrasound, MRI and CT show concentric, Arterial Wall Thickening in vasculitis. PET demonstrates enhanced FDG uptake of inflamed artery Walls due to increased glucose metabolism. Ultrasound is particularly useful for smaller arteries like the temporal arteries due to its high resolution. MRI and PET/CT provide an excellent overview particularly on extracranial arteries. However, ultrasound can also detect extracranial vasculitis while PET/CT may delineate vasculitis in temporal arteries. The diagnosis needs to be confirmed without delay as the sensitivity of imaging decreases with treatment. Ongoing studies are evaluating the role of imaging for follow-up.
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Investigations in systemic vasculitis - The role of imaging.
Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 2018Co-Authors: Wolfgang A. Schmidt, Daniel Engelbert BlockmansAbstract:Abstract Imaging plays an increasing role for confirming a suspected diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) or Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography demonstrate a homogeneous, most commonly concentric, Arterial Wall Thickening. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) displays increased FDG uptake of inflamed artery Walls delineating increased metabolism. Ultrasound and MRI are recommended to be the initial imaging modalities in cranial GCA and TAK, respectively. Extracranial disease can be confirmed by all four modalities, particularly by PET in case of inflammation of unknown origin. If the diagnosis remains uncertain, additional investigations including biopsy and/or additional imaging are recommended. Imaging should be performed by a trained specialist using appropriate operational procedures and settings with appropriate equipment. Further research is necessary on the role of imaging for disease monitoring. This review will discuss advantages and disadvantages of imaging modalities in the diagnosis of vasculitis.
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ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis
Rheumatology, 2018Co-Authors: Wolfgang A. SchmidtAbstract:US has become an important diagnostic tool for musculoskeletal diseases. Because of its wide availability in rheumatology practice, US has also been applied in other rheumatic diseases such as GCA. In acute GCA, US displays a non-compressible, hypoechoic, most commonly concentric Arterial Wall Thickening. Temporal and axillary arteries should be examined in patients with suspected GCA and PMR. Additionally, almost all other large arteries, with the exception of the thoracic aorta, can be easily delineated by US. Many studies and several meta-analyses have been conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of US. US is more sensitive than temporal artery biopsy (TAB) because TAB evaluates only a limited anatomical region in a systemic disease. Most US studies arrive at specificities between 90 and 100% compared with the final clinical diagnosis. Reliability for reading US images and videos is excellent and comparable to reliability for reading TAB specimens. The advantage of US over other imaging techniques in GCA is its availability, safety and tolerability and its high resolution of 0.1 mm. Rheumatology departments are increasingly establishing fast-track clinics. Physicians can refer patients with suspected GCA within 24 h. Patients receive clinical and US examination by experienced specialists, establishing a clear diagnosis either before TAB or without the need for TAB. The introduction of fast-track clinics has led to a significant reduction of permanent vision loss. Furthermore, a process that primarily includes US is significantly more cost-effective than TAB.
Michael R. Skilton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Telomere length in early childhood: Early life risk factors and association with carotid intima-media thickness in later childhood
European journal of preventive cardiology, 2015Co-Authors: Michael R. Skilton, Julian Ayer, Jason A. Harmer, Stephen R. Leeder, Guy B. Marks, Shirley Nakhla, Brett G. Toelle, Graham Jones, David S. CelermajerAbstract:BackgroundReduced telomere length is a measure of biological aging that is predictive of cardiac events in adults, and has been mechanistically implicated in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. We sought to describe the early life factors associated with leukocyte telomere length in early childhood, and to determine whether telomere length measured during early childhood is associated with Arterial Wall Thickening later in childhood.DesignA longitudinal birth cohort recruited antenatally in Sydney from 1997 to 1999.MethodsLeukocyte telomere length was measured in 331 children at age 3.6 years (SD 1.0); of whom 268 children without diabetes had carotid intima-media thickness assessed by ultrasound at age 8 years.ResultsMale sex, younger paternal age and higher maternal body mass index were associated with shorter telomere length in early childhood, which in turn was associated with greater carotid intima-media thickness at age 8 years (standardised β = −0.159, P = 0.01). There was a graded associ...
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impaired fetal growth and Arterial Wall Thickening a randomized trial of omega 3 supplementation
Pediatrics, 2012Co-Authors: Michael R. Skilton, Julian Ayer, Jason A. Harmer, Karen Webb, Stephen R. Leeder, Guy B. Marks, David S. CelermajerAbstract:OBJECTIVES: Impaired fetal growth is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with Arterial Wall Thickening in children. No preventive strategy has been identified. We sought to determine whether dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during early childhood prevents the association between impaired fetal growth and carotid Arterial Wall Thickening. METHODS: The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study was a randomized, controlled single-blind trial in 616 children born at term, recruited antenatally from maternity hospitals in Sydney. Participants were randomized to either a 500-mg-daily fish oil supplement and canola-based margarines and cooking oil (omega-3 group), or a 500-mg-daily sunflower oil supplement and omega-6 fatty acid–rich margarines and cooking oil (control group), from the start of bottle-feeding or 6 months of age until 5 years of age. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a noninvasive measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, was the primary endpoint of a cardiovascular substudy (CardioCAPS) at age 8 years. We examined the association of fetal growth with carotid IMT in children with birth weight <90th percentile (omega-3 group [ n = 187], control group [ n = 176]). RESULTS: In the control group, fetal growth was inversely associated with carotid IMT, but this was prevented in the omega-3 group (difference between groups of 0.041 mm [95% confidence interval 0.006, 0.075] per kg birth weight, adjusted for gestational age and gender, Pheterogeneity = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The inverse association of fetal growth with Arterial Wall thickness in childhood can be prevented by dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation over the first 5 years of life. * Abbreviations: CAPS — : Childhood Asthma Prevention Study CI — : confidence interval DHA — : docosahexaenoic acid EPA — : eicosapentaenoic acid IMT — : intima-media thickness
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Impaired Fetal Growth and Arterial Wall Thickening: A Randomized Trial of Omega-3 Supplementation
Pediatrics, 2012Co-Authors: Michael R. Skilton, Julian Ayer, Jason A. Harmer, Karen Webb, Stephen R. Leeder, Guy B. Marks, David S. CelermajerAbstract:OBJECTIVES: Impaired fetal growth is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with Arterial Wall Thickening in children. No preventive strategy has been identified. We sought to determine whether dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during early childhood prevents the association between impaired fetal growth and carotid Arterial Wall Thickening. METHODS: The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study was a randomized, controlled single-blind trial in 616 children born at term, recruited antenatally from maternity hospitals in Sydney. Participants were randomized to either a 500-mg-daily fish oil supplement and canola-based margarines and cooking oil (omega-3 group), or a 500-mg-daily sunflower oil supplement and omega-6 fatty acid–rich margarines and cooking oil (control group), from the start of bottle-feeding or 6 months of age until 5 years of age. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a noninvasive measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, was the primary endpoint of a cardiovascular substudy (CardioCAPS) at age 8 years. We examined the association of fetal growth with carotid IMT in children with birth weight
Murat Baykara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arterial Wall Thickening and stiffening in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2006Co-Authors: Mehmet Emre Atabek, Selim Kurtoglu, Ozgur Pirgon, Murat BaykaraAbstract:Abstract Objective We evaluated structural and functional characteristics of the common carotid artery (CCA), a marker of early carotid atherosclerosis, and investigated their relation to metabolic and anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods Non-invasive ultrasonographic measurements were made in 45 type 1 diabetic patients and 33 controls. Age, sex, and body mass index were matched between patients and controls. We investigated intima-media thickness (IMT), compliance, distensibility, diastolic Wall stress (DWS) and incremental elastic modulus (IEM) of the CCA. Metabolic and anthropometric parameters such as serum lipids, plasma glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, waist–hip ratio and blood pressure were assessed. Results The diabetic patients had significantly higher CCA-IMT than the controls (0.48±0.06mm versus 0.33±0.07mm; p 2 versus 0.81±0.25mmHg×10 2 ; p 3 versus 0.77±0.28mmHg×10 3 ; p p >0.05). In a multivariate regression model for all subjects, diabetic state was the best predictor of IMT ( p p p =0.001). Conclusion Our results suggested that children and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes are associated with early impairment of CCA structure and function and that diabetic state may be the main risk factor for CCA Wall stiffening and Thickening, which are of considerable concern as possible early events in the genesis of atheroma.