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Takashi Mochizuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mating Type Gene (MAT1-2) of Trichophyton verrucosum
Mycopathologia, 2014Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Takashi Mochizuki, Kazushi Anzawa, Erina Yoshida, Takashi Yaguchi, Vit Hubka, Hiroshi KamataAbstract:Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte species that is the most frequent etiologic agent of bovine dermatophytosis throughout the world. Since no teleomorph of T. verrucosum has been found, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on the genome of T. verrucosum isolated from the Czech Republic and Japan was performed to confirm the presence of a mating type locus in the genome of the fungus and to clarify its classification and ecological characteristics. The mating type gene ( MAT1 - 2) allele was detected by PCR analysis in all 22 isolates (four isolates from the Czech Republic and 18 isolates from Japan). The nucleotide sequence of the region exhibited 99–100 % identity among all isolates, including the reference strain of T. verrucosum . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region at the MAT1 - 2 locus clustered together in the isolates examined, forming a branch distinct from that of the other dermatophyte species. These results suggest that T. verrucosum is a clonal offshoot that has drifted away from Arthroderma benhamiae.
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molecular epidemiology of a major subgroup of Arthroderma benhamiae isolated in japan by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the non transcribed spacer region of ribosomal rna gene
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Kiminobu Takeda, Kazushi Anzawa, Akiko Nishibu, Takashi MochizukiAbstract:SUMMARY: Arthroderma benhamiae vectored by small animals, such as household pets, causes tinea lesions on human skin. The number of tinea cases caused by this species is increasing in Japan. We attempted to develop a simple molecular method for strain discrimination, which is expected to be useful in molecular epidemiology. Out of the 61 strains of A. benhamiae registered at our institute, 46 A. benhamiae strains showed very high degrees of sequence similarity on cluster analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. These 46 strains, including 22 strains isolated from Japan, were further used for strain typing by analyzing the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region of the rRNA gene. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using a primer pair designed for amplification of a part of the NTS region, and the amplicons were successfully discriminated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis performed using MvaI. RFLP analysis showed 11 NTS types (NTS1–NTS11) among the 46 strains. Out of the 22 Japanese strains, 10 were of the NTS8 type; 6, of the NTS1 type; 3, of the NTS2 type; and 3, of the NTS5 type. Molecular typing showed consistency of NTS types among the strains isolated from different lesions on the same patient, among the strains derived from the same family, and among the strains from pets and their owners. We observed that 3 out of the 4 NTS types among the Japanese strains were detected outside Japan as well.
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Arthroderma benhamiae (The Teleomorph of Trichophyton mentagrophytes) Mating Type-Specific Genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Koichi Makimura, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Hiroshi Kamata, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes . The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). PCR analysis detected the alpha-box gene in A. benhamiae (−) mating type strains but not in (+) mating type strains. On the other hand, the HMG gene was detected in A. benhamiae (+) mating type strains but not in (−) mating type strains. These findings suggest that the HMG and alpha-box genes could be specific to the (+) and (−) mating types, respectively.
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Arthroderma benhamiae the teleomorph of trichophyton mentagrophytes mating type specific genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Koichi Makimura, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Hiroshi Kamata, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG).
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Different Genes Can Result in Different Phylogenetic Relationships in Trichophyton Species
Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 2008Co-Authors: Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Kazushi Anzawa, Kiminobu Takeda, Hiroshi Tanabe, Asako Wakasa, Basavaraj M. HemashettarAbstract:To determine the relationships among Trichophyton species we constructed three phylogenies, based on the nucleotide sequences of the actin, rRNA and DNA topoisomerase II genes. These phylogenies showed several conflicting branch points. For example, strains of T. verrucosum,T. concentricum and T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei were mingled with strains of Arthroderma benhamiae and could not be separated into their own phylogenic groups. In addition, strains of A. vanbreuseghemii, T. tonsurans, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum were mingled with strains of A. simii and could not be separated into their own phylogenic groups. T. rubrum and T. violaceum made up a clade, which was phylogenetically related to the A. benhamiae clade or A. simii clade, depending on the gene examined. These findings indicate the need to reevaluate the boundaries among Trichophyton species using an alternative to morphological or molecular biological methods.
Atsuhiko Hasegawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Occurrence of Arthroderma benhamiae Genotype in Japan
Mycopathologia, 2015Co-Authors: Junichiro Hiruma, Rui Kano, Masataro Hiruma, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Michel Monod, Kazutoshi Harada, Ryoji TsuboiAbstract:In this study, we epidemiologically investigated on clinical isolates of Arthroderma benhamiae from humans and animals in Japan by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence analysis and mating type ( MAT )-specific PCR. Seven of 8 A. benhamiae isolates from a human, rabbits and guinea pigs were identified as group I (white phenotype) by morphological characters and ITS region sequence analysis. One strain isolated from a degus ( Octodon degus) produced colonies with few irregular folds and yellow velvety mycelium without macro- and microconidia. This strain resembled to group II (yellow phenotype) strain. ITS sequence analysis was also 100 % identical to that of group II. MAT -specific PCR indicated that 6 of these 7 isolates of group I contained an alpha-box gene and that one strain contained high-mobility-group ( HMG ) gene. One strain of group II was revealed to have an alpha-box gene and no HMG gene. To our knowledge, it is the first A. benhamiae isolate of group II found in Japan. The A. benhamiae may be more widespread in worldwide than our surpassing what is common or usual or expected.
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Mating Type Gene (MAT1-2) of Trichophyton verrucosum
Mycopathologia, 2014Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Takashi Mochizuki, Kazushi Anzawa, Erina Yoshida, Takashi Yaguchi, Vit Hubka, Hiroshi KamataAbstract:Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte species that is the most frequent etiologic agent of bovine dermatophytosis throughout the world. Since no teleomorph of T. verrucosum has been found, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on the genome of T. verrucosum isolated from the Czech Republic and Japan was performed to confirm the presence of a mating type locus in the genome of the fungus and to clarify its classification and ecological characteristics. The mating type gene ( MAT1 - 2) allele was detected by PCR analysis in all 22 isolates (four isolates from the Czech Republic and 18 isolates from Japan). The nucleotide sequence of the region exhibited 99–100 % identity among all isolates, including the reference strain of T. verrucosum . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region at the MAT1 - 2 locus clustered together in the isolates examined, forming a branch distinct from that of the other dermatophyte species. These results suggest that T. verrucosum is a clonal offshoot that has drifted away from Arthroderma benhamiae.
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Arthroderma benhamiae the teleomorph of trichophyton mentagrophytes mating type specific genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Koichi Makimura, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Hiroshi Kamata, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG).
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Arthroderma benhamiae (The Teleomorph of Trichophyton mentagrophytes) Mating Type-Specific Genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Koichi Makimura, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Hiroshi Kamata, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes . The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). PCR analysis detected the alpha-box gene in A. benhamiae (−) mating type strains but not in (+) mating type strains. On the other hand, the HMG gene was detected in A. benhamiae (+) mating type strains but not in (−) mating type strains. These findings suggest that the HMG and alpha-box genes could be specific to the (+) and (−) mating types, respectively.
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chitin synthase 1 gene of Arthroderma benhamiae isolates in japan
Mycoses, 2002Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Asuka Hirai, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:Summary. In the present study, the chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene of eight clinical isolates of Arthroderma benhamiae in Japan was investigated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the CHS1 gene fragments from clinical isolates of A. benhamiae and from standard strains of Americano-European race and African race A. benhamiae indicated more than 90% similarities among these dermatophytes. An especially high degree of similarity was noted in nucleotide sequence CHS1 gene fragments, with more than 99% among eight clinical isolates and standard strains of the Americano-European race of A. benhamiae. The phylogenetic analysis of their sequences revealed that the eight clinical isolates and the standard strains of the Americano-European race of A. benhamiae were included in the same cluster, and that the African race of A. benhamiae formed a cluster that was distinct from the Americano-European race of A. benhamiae, A. simii and A. vanbreuseghemii. Zusammenfassung. An acht klinischen Isolaten von Arthroderma benhamiae wurde das Chitinsynthase-1-Gen untersucht. Die Nukleotidsequenzanalyse der CHS1-Genfragmente der klinischen A. benhamiae–Isolate und der amerikano-europaischen Standardstamme sowie der afrikanischen Standardstamme wiesen mehr als 90%Ahnlichkeit auf. Ein besonders hoher Ahnlichkeitsgrad von uber 99% bestand zwischen den klinischen Isolaten und der amerikano-europaischen Stammfamilie, wahrend die afrikanischen A. benhamiae-Stamme einen Cluster bilden, der sich von der amerikano-europaischen Stammfamilie von A. benhamiae sowie von A. simii und A. vanbreuseghemii unterscheidet.
Rui Kano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cutaneous mycoses in Japan originating from animals
Medical mycology journal, 2020Co-Authors: Rui KanoAbstract:: Human cases of dermatophytoses are occasionally transmitted from animals, and suffered from tinea corporis and sometimes Kerion celsi. The most frequent causative agent of these diseases is Microsporum canis. The other dermatophyte, Arthroderma benhamiae is now prevailing in rabbits, rodents and hedgehogs that are popular household pets in Japan. Therefore, some human cases of A. benhamiae infection were reported and the transmission of this infection from rabbits and rodents was confirmed.Cryptococcosis is regarded as dangerous zoonosis, but its transmission from animal to peoples has not been documented in Japan. Animal cases of cryptococcosis are possible to increase in number by developing immunosuppressive animals as well as by spreading of newly introduced C. gattii to Japan.Animal cases of sporotrichosis are rarely reported in Japan. However, feline sporotrichosis should be prevented and promptly treated since it easily transmitted to people from cat lesions and the exudates where copious numbers of organisms are found in tissues.
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Occurrence of Arthroderma benhamiae Genotype in Japan
Mycopathologia, 2015Co-Authors: Junichiro Hiruma, Rui Kano, Masataro Hiruma, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Michel Monod, Kazutoshi Harada, Ryoji TsuboiAbstract:In this study, we epidemiologically investigated on clinical isolates of Arthroderma benhamiae from humans and animals in Japan by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence analysis and mating type ( MAT )-specific PCR. Seven of 8 A. benhamiae isolates from a human, rabbits and guinea pigs were identified as group I (white phenotype) by morphological characters and ITS region sequence analysis. One strain isolated from a degus ( Octodon degus) produced colonies with few irregular folds and yellow velvety mycelium without macro- and microconidia. This strain resembled to group II (yellow phenotype) strain. ITS sequence analysis was also 100 % identical to that of group II. MAT -specific PCR indicated that 6 of these 7 isolates of group I contained an alpha-box gene and that one strain contained high-mobility-group ( HMG ) gene. One strain of group II was revealed to have an alpha-box gene and no HMG gene. To our knowledge, it is the first A. benhamiae isolate of group II found in Japan. The A. benhamiae may be more widespread in worldwide than our surpassing what is common or usual or expected.
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tinea faciei caused by trichophyton mentagrophytes molecular type Arthroderma benhamiae mimics impetigo a case report and literature review of cases in japan
Medical mycology journal, 2015Co-Authors: Utako Kimura, Rui Kano, Masataro Hiruma, Kae Yokoyama, Kenji Takamori, Yasushi SugaAbstract:: A 36-year-old female elementary schoolteacher presented with aggregated serous papules surrounded by mild erythema, extending from both nasal wings/nostrils down to the upper lip. No improvement was seen following treatment of the lesions with topical antibiotics for impetigo. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) direct microscopy confirmed the presence of mycelia, and the infection was diagnosed as tinea faciei. The isolate was identified as Trichophyton mentagrophytes using morphological analysis and as Arthroderma benhamiae using genetic analysis. Here we describe that case and summarize the clinical features of other cases of A. benhamiae infection in Japan that have been reported in the literature.
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Mating Type Gene (MAT1-2) of Trichophyton verrucosum
Mycopathologia, 2014Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Takashi Mochizuki, Kazushi Anzawa, Erina Yoshida, Takashi Yaguchi, Vit Hubka, Hiroshi KamataAbstract:Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte species that is the most frequent etiologic agent of bovine dermatophytosis throughout the world. Since no teleomorph of T. verrucosum has been found, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on the genome of T. verrucosum isolated from the Czech Republic and Japan was performed to confirm the presence of a mating type locus in the genome of the fungus and to clarify its classification and ecological characteristics. The mating type gene ( MAT1 - 2) allele was detected by PCR analysis in all 22 isolates (four isolates from the Czech Republic and 18 isolates from Japan). The nucleotide sequence of the region exhibited 99–100 % identity among all isolates, including the reference strain of T. verrucosum . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region at the MAT1 - 2 locus clustered together in the isolates examined, forming a branch distinct from that of the other dermatophyte species. These results suggest that T. verrucosum is a clonal offshoot that has drifted away from Arthroderma benhamiae.
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Arthroderma benhamiae the teleomorph of trichophyton mentagrophytes mating type specific genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Koichi Makimura, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Hiroshi Kamata, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG).
Koichi Makimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arthroderma benhamiae the teleomorph of trichophyton mentagrophytes mating type specific genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Koichi Makimura, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Hiroshi Kamata, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG).
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Arthroderma benhamiae (The Teleomorph of Trichophyton mentagrophytes) Mating Type-Specific Genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Koichi Makimura, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Hiroshi Kamata, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes . The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). PCR analysis detected the alpha-box gene in A. benhamiae (−) mating type strains but not in (+) mating type strains. On the other hand, the HMG gene was detected in A. benhamiae (+) mating type strains but not in (−) mating type strains. These findings suggest that the HMG and alpha-box genes could be specific to the (+) and (−) mating types, respectively.
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a new genotype of Arthroderma benhamiae
Medical Mycology, 2008Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Koichi Makimura, Shinichi Watanabe, Ayako Sano, Kazuko Nishimura, H Yamaguchi, A HasegawaAbstract:Nucleotide sequence analysis of chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) indicated 90% sequence similarities among human and animal isolates of Arthroderma benhamiae. In particular, greater than 99% similarity was noted in the nucleotide sequence among Americano-European race isolates, African race isolates, and five isolates from four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the five isolates from hedgehogs were included in the same cluster and distinct from the Americano-European and the African race standard strains of A. benhamiae. These results were confirmed by ITS analysis. Therefore, it was proposed that genotypes could be established for the isolates of A. benhamiae in association with the mating behavior.
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a case of tinea corporis caused by Arthroderma benhamiae teleomorph of tinea mentagrophytes in a pet shop employee
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 2006Co-Authors: Yumi Shiraki, Yoko Matsuba, Rui Kano, Shigaku Ikeda, Masataro Hiruma, Koichi Makimura, Hideoki OgawaAbstract:We describe herein a case of tinea corporis caused by Arthroderma benhamiae that presented with atypical clinical symptoms. We suggest that this infection has already spread widely in Japan.
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a case of kerion celsi due to Arthroderma benhamiae identified by dna sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions
Medical Mycology, 2003Co-Authors: Naoko Hattori, Koichi Makimura, Takehiko Kaneko, Kunihiko Tamaki, Takashi MochizukiAbstract:We describe a case of a 4-year-old boy with a 1-month history of a purulent lesion on his scalp. His hair samples revealed fungal organisms and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was cultured from the sample. We analysed the DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the isolated fungus. These sequences were in accordance with T. mentagrophytes animal 4 type. In mating experiments, our strain only responded to the Arthroderma benhamiae Americano-European race (+) mating type tester. We speculate that the patient was infected from contact with his pet guinea pig. This is the first case of a clinical isolate of A. benhamiae being identified by DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS1 regions.
Michel Monod - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the transcriptional regulators stea and stua contribute to keratin degradation and sexual reproduction of the dermatophyte Arthroderma benhamiae
Current Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Antje Krober, Michel Monod, Peter Staib, Olaf Kniemeyer, Axel A Brakhage, Sandra Etzrodt, Maria BachAbstract:Most superficial fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, a specialized group of filamentous fungi which exclusively infect keratinized host structures such as hair, skin and nails. Since little is known about the molecular basis of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in dermatophytes, here we functionally addressed two central transcriptional regulators, SteA and StuA. In the zoophilic species Arthroderma benhamiae a strategy for targeted genetic manipulation was recently established, and moreover, the species is teleomorphic and thus allows performing assays based on mating. By comparative genome analysis homologs of the developmental regulators SteA and StuA were identified in A. benhamiae. Knock-out mutants of the corresponding genes as well as complemented strains were generated and phenotypically characterized. In contrast to A. benhamiae wild type and complemented strains, both mutants failed to produce sexual reproductive structures in mating experiments. Analysis of growth on keratin substrates indicated that loss of steA resulted in the inability of ΔsteA mutants to produce hair perforation organs, but did not affect mycelia formation during growth on hair and nails. By contrast, ΔstuA mutants displayed a severe growth defect on these substrates, but were still able to produce hair perforations. Hence, formation of hair perforation organs and fungal growth on hair per se are differentially regulated processes. Our findings on the major role of SteA and StuA during sexual development and keratin degradation in A. benhamiae provide insights into their role in dermatophytes and further enhance our knowledge of basic biology and pathogenicity of these fungi.
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rna sequencing based genome reannotation of the dermatophyte Arthroderma benhamiae and characterization of its secretome and whole gene expression profile during infection
mSystems, 2016Co-Authors: Van Du T Tran, Bernard Mignon, Sylvain Pradervand, Marc Feuermann, Emanuel Schmidsiegert, Elenatatiana Băguţ, Patrice Waridel, Corinne Peter, Marco Pagni, Michel MonodAbstract:ABSTRACT Dermatophytes are the most common agents of superficial mycoses in humans and animals. The aim of the present investigation was to systematically identify the extracellular, possibly secreted, proteins that are putative virulence factors and antigenic molecules of dermatophytes. A complete gene expression profile of Arthroderma benhamiae was obtained during infection of its natural host (guinea pig) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. This profile was completed with those of the fungus cultivated in vitro in two media containing either keratin or soy meal protein as the sole source of nitrogen and in Sabouraud medium. More than 60% of transcripts deduced from RNA-seq data differ from those previously deposited for A. benhamiae. Using these RNA-seq data along with an automatic gene annotation procedure, followed by manual curation, we produced a new annotation of the A. benhamiae genome. This annotation comprised 7,405 coding sequences (CDSs), among which only 2,662 were identical to the currently available annotation, 383 were newly identified, and 15 secreted proteins were manually corrected. The expression profile of genes encoding proteins with a signal peptide in infected guinea pigs was found to be very different from that during in vitro growth when using keratin as the substrate. Especially, the sets of the 12 most highly expressed genes encoding proteases with a signal sequence had only the putative vacuolar aspartic protease gene PEP2 in common, during infection and in keratin medium. The most upregulated gene encoding a secreted protease during infection was that encoding subtilisin SUB6, which is a known major allergen in the related dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. IMPORTANCE Dermatophytoses (ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot, and nail infections) are the most common fungal infections, but their virulence mechanisms are poorly understood. Combining transcriptomic data obtained from growth under various culture conditions with data obtained during infection led to a significantly improved genome annotation. About 65% of the protein-encoding genes predicted with our protocol did not match the existing annotation for A. benhamiae. Comparing gene expression during infection on guinea pigs with keratin degradation in vitro, which is supposed to mimic the host environment, revealed the critical importance of using real in vivo conditions for investigating virulence mechanisms. The analysis of genes expressed in vivo, encoding cell surface and secreted proteins, particularly proteases, led to the identification of new allergen and virulence factor candidates.
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Which Fungus Originally was Trichophyton mentagrophytes? Historical Review and Illustration by a Clinical Case
Mycopathologia, 2015Co-Authors: Annemay Chollet, Marina Fratti, Bernard Mignon, Vincent Cattin, Michel MonodAbstract:Several dermatophytes producing numerous pyriform or round microconidia were called Trichophyton mentagrophytes . Among these dermatophytes are the teleomorph species Arthroderma benhamiae , Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii and Arthroderma simii , and other species such as Trichophyton interdigitale , Trichophyton erinacei and Trichophyton quinckeanum for which only the anamorph is known. Confusion exists about which fungus should be really called T. mentagrophytes and about the rational use of this name in practice. We report a case of beard ringworm (tinea barbae) with A. vanbreuseghemii . According to both clinical signs and the type of hair parasitism, this case was exactly compatible to the first description of a non-favic dermatophytosis by Gruby under the name of “mentagrophyte” from which was derived the dermatophyte epithet mentagrophytes . In addition, the phenotypic characters of the isolated fungus in cultures perfectly matched with those of the first description of a dermatophyte under T. mentagrophytes by Blanchard (Parasites animaux et parasites végétaux à l’exclusion des Bactéries, Masson, Paris, 1896 ). In conclusion, T. mentagrophytes corresponds to the fungus later named A. vanbreuseghemii . However, because the neotype of T. mentagrophytes was not adequately designated in regard to the ancient literature, we would privilege the use of A. vanbreuseghemii and abandon the name of T. mentagrophytes .
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Which Fungus Originally was Trichophyton mentagrophytes? Historical Review and Illustration by a Clinical Case
Mycopathologia, 2015Co-Authors: Annemay Chollet, Marina Fratti, Bernard Mignon, Vincent Cattin, Michel MonodAbstract:Several dermatophytes producing numerous pyriform or round microconidia were called Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Among these dermatophytes are the teleomorph species Arthroderma benhamiae, Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii and Arthroderma simii, and other species such as Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton erinacei and Trichophyton quinckeanum for which only the anamorph is known. Confusion exists about which fungus should be really called T. mentagrophytes and about the rational use of this name in practice. We report a case of beard ringworm (tinea barbae) with A. vanbreuseghemii. According to both clinical signs and the type of hair parasitism, this case was exactly compatible to the first description of a non-favic dermatophytosis by Gruby under the name of “mentagrophyte” from which was derived the dermatophyte epithet mentagrophytes. In addition, the phenotypic characters of the isolated fungus in cultures perfectly matched with those of the first description of a dermatophyte under T. mentagrophytes by Blanchard (Parasites animaux et parasites vegetaux a l’exclusion des Bacteries, Masson, Paris, 1896). In conclusion, T. mentagrophytes corresponds to the fungus later named A. vanbreuseghemii. However, because the neotype of T. mentagrophytes was not adequately designated in regard to the ancient literature, we would privilege the use of A. vanbreuseghemii and abandon the name of T. mentagrophytes.
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Occurrence of Arthroderma benhamiae Genotype in Japan
Mycopathologia, 2015Co-Authors: Junichiro Hiruma, Rui Kano, Masataro Hiruma, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Michel Monod, Kazutoshi Harada, Ryoji TsuboiAbstract:In this study, we epidemiologically investigated on clinical isolates of Arthroderma benhamiae from humans and animals in Japan by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence analysis and mating type ( MAT )-specific PCR. Seven of 8 A. benhamiae isolates from a human, rabbits and guinea pigs were identified as group I (white phenotype) by morphological characters and ITS region sequence analysis. One strain isolated from a degus ( Octodon degus) produced colonies with few irregular folds and yellow velvety mycelium without macro- and microconidia. This strain resembled to group II (yellow phenotype) strain. ITS sequence analysis was also 100 % identical to that of group II. MAT -specific PCR indicated that 6 of these 7 isolates of group I contained an alpha-box gene and that one strain contained high-mobility-group ( HMG ) gene. One strain of group II was revealed to have an alpha-box gene and no HMG gene. To our knowledge, it is the first A. benhamiae isolate of group II found in Japan. The A. benhamiae may be more widespread in worldwide than our surpassing what is common or usual or expected.
