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Takashi Mochizuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic relationship between trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale and Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii
Medical mycology journal = 日本医真菌学会 [編], 2011Co-Authors: Kazushi Anzawa, Masako Kawasaki, Masaki Hironaga, Takashi MochizukiAbstract:Thirty-nine Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii isolates identified by mating behavior were assayed to determine their ribosomal RNA gene internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region genotypes. Twenty-two isolates of mating type(+)and 4 of(-)showed the genotype of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, 9 isolates of mating type(+)and 4 of(-)showed the genotype of A. vanbreuseghemii. Nine of 14 isolates with granular or asteroid colony morphology showed the genotype of T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale. There was no relation between ITS genotype and morphology or mating type of the isolates. Isolates of T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale genotype were shown to include non-sexually degenerate zoophilic strains with granular colony morphology as well as sexually and morphologically degenerate anthropophilic strains and may be just one genotype of a heterogeneous species, A. vanbreuseghemii.
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Arthroderma benhamiae the teleomorph of trichophyton mentagrophytes mating type specific genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Hiroshi Kamata, Tsuyoshi YamadaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG).
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matings among three teleomorphs of trichophyton mentagrophytes
Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 2010Co-Authors: Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Kazushi Anzawa, Kiminobu Takeda, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Asako Wakasa, Basavaraj M HemashettarAbstract:Three genetically hybrid F1 progenies produced between a clinical isolate of Arthroderma simii (KMU4810) and a tester strain of A. vanbreuseghemii (RV27961) were crossed with two tester strains of A. vanbreuseghemii (RV27961 and RV27960) and a tester strain of A. benhamiae (RV30001), respectively. Three crossings yielded hybrid second progenies. Another interspecies crossing between A. simii (KMU4810) and a tester strain of A. benhamiae (RV26680) yielded one hybrid F1 progeny (Asb57). The second crossings of F1 progeny (Asb57) with A. vanbreuseghemii (RV27961) and A. benhamiae (RV30001) yielded many hybrid second progenies. Some hybrid second progenies produced between F1 progeny and A. vanbreuseghemii were confirmed to have genes from three species. The gene exchangeability among three Arthroderma species was shown and the meaning of these events discussed.
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genetic and phenotypic variations among f1 progenies of Arthroderma benhamiae
Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 2008Co-Authors: Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Kazushi Anzawa, Kiminobu Takeda, Hiroshi Tanabe, Hiroshi IshizakiAbstract:The genotypes and phenotypes of 77 isolates derived from ascospores produced from two genetically different Arthroderma benhamiae were studied. Specifically, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) type, nuclear DNA (nDNA) type, mating type, colony texture, growth rate, urease activity, red pigmentation and hair perforation were examined. The nDNA types based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and mating types were inherited from parents independently. mtDNA type was inherited from only one parent. All the phenotypes, except hair perforation and mating type, showed great variations. Those seemed not to be a conclusive factor for species identification. Additionally, these characteristics appeared in variable combinations suggesting that they are not interrelated. The intensity of red pigmentation varied even within a colony, implying that it is not a strain-specific characteristic. Hair perforation was observed in isolates of all but one atypical strain, and therefore could be one characteristic of this species.
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a case of kerion celsi due to Arthroderma benhamiae identified by dna sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions
Medical Mycology, 2003Co-Authors: Naoko Hattori, Kunihiko Tamaki, Takehiko Kaneko, Takashi MochizukiAbstract:We describe a case of a 4-year-old boy with a 1-month history of a purulent lesion on his scalp. His hair samples revealed fungal organisms and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was cultured from the sample. We analysed the DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the isolated fungus. These sequences were in accordance with T. mentagrophytes animal 4 type. In mating experiments, our strain only responded to the Arthroderma benhamiae Americano-European race (+) mating type tester. We speculate that the patient was infected from contact with his pet guinea pig. This is the first case of a clinical isolate of A. benhamiae being identified by DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS1 regions.
Atsuhiko Hasegawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Occurrence of Arthroderma benhamiae Genotype in Japan
Mycopathologia, 2015Co-Authors: Junichiro Hiruma, Masataro Hiruma, Kazutoshi Harada, Michel Monod, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Ryoji TsuboiAbstract:In this study, we epidemiologically investigated on clinical isolates of Arthroderma benhamiae from humans and animals in Japan by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence analysis and mating type ( MAT )-specific PCR. Seven of 8 A. benhamiae isolates from a human, rabbits and guinea pigs were identified as group I (white phenotype) by morphological characters and ITS region sequence analysis. One strain isolated from a degus ( Octodon degus) produced colonies with few irregular folds and yellow velvety mycelium without macro- and microconidia. This strain resembled to group II (yellow phenotype) strain. ITS sequence analysis was also 100 % identical to that of group II. MAT -specific PCR indicated that 6 of these 7 isolates of group I contained an alpha-box gene and that one strain contained high-mobility-group ( HMG ) gene. One strain of group II was revealed to have an alpha-box gene and no HMG gene. To our knowledge, it is the first A. benhamiae isolate of group II found in Japan. The A. benhamiae may be more widespread in worldwide than our surpassing what is common or usual or expected.
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Arthroderma benhamiae the teleomorph of trichophyton mentagrophytes mating type specific genes
Mycopathologia, 2011Co-Authors: Rui Kano, Masako Kawasaki, Takashi Mochizuki, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Hiroshi Kamata, Tsuyoshi YamadaAbstract:This study first report to identify the mating type (−)-specific gene of alpha-box and the mating type (+)-specific gene of the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain in zoophilic dermatophytes of Arthroderma benhamiae in an effort to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The sequence of the alpha-box gene (1,387 bp) was found to contain two exons, from 184 to 475 bp and from 525 to 1,387 bp, coding a protein of 384 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG). The sequence of the HMG gene (1,910 bp) contained two exons, from 234 to 415 bp and from 479 to 1,457 bp, coding a protein of 386 amino acids, beginning with a putative initiating methionine (ATG).
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chitin synthase 1 gene of Arthroderma benhamiae isolates in japan
Mycoses, 2002Co-Authors: Asuka Hirai, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:Summary. In the present study, the chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene of eight clinical isolates of Arthroderma benhamiae in Japan was investigated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the CHS1 gene fragments from clinical isolates of A. benhamiae and from standard strains of Americano-European race and African race A. benhamiae indicated more than 90% similarities among these dermatophytes. An especially high degree of similarity was noted in nucleotide sequence CHS1 gene fragments, with more than 99% among eight clinical isolates and standard strains of the Americano-European race of A. benhamiae. The phylogenetic analysis of their sequences revealed that the eight clinical isolates and the standard strains of the Americano-European race of A. benhamiae were included in the same cluster, and that the African race of A. benhamiae formed a cluster that was distinct from the Americano-European race of A. benhamiae, A. simii and A. vanbreuseghemii. Zusammenfassung. An acht klinischen Isolaten von Arthroderma benhamiae wurde das Chitinsynthase-1-Gen untersucht. Die Nukleotidsequenzanalyse der CHS1-Genfragmente der klinischen A. benhamiae–Isolate und der amerikano-europaischen Standardstamme sowie der afrikanischen Standardstamme wiesen mehr als 90%Ahnlichkeit auf. Ein besonders hoher Ahnlichkeitsgrad von uber 99% bestand zwischen den klinischen Isolaten und der amerikano-europaischen Stammfamilie, wahrend die afrikanischen A. benhamiae-Stamme einen Cluster bilden, der sich von der amerikano-europaischen Stammfamilie von A. benhamiae sowie von A. simii und A. vanbreuseghemii unterscheidet.
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case report first report on human ringworm caused by Arthroderma benhamiae in japan transmitted from a rabbit
Mycoses, 2002Co-Authors: Yuka Nakamura, Kumiko Saito, E. Nakamura, Shinichi Watanabe, Atsuhiko HasegawaAbstract:Summary. Two human cases of tinea corporis due to Arthroderma benhamiae (teleomorph of Trichophyton mentagrophytes) were described. They acquired the infection from their cross-bred rabbit. The three clinical isolates from a human couple and a pet rabbit had been identified as A. benhamiae by chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene analysis as well as by mating experiments. There was no previous isolate of A. benhamiae from humans in Japan, although we had reported the first isolate of A. benhamiae from a rabbit in 1998. Therefore, this is the first report on human ringworm cases caused by A. benhamiae in Japan. It is anticipated that the human and animal cases of A. benhamiae infection could rise in number. Zusammenfassung. Es werden zwei Falle von Tinea corporis beim Menschen beschreiben, verursacht von Arthroderma benhamiae, Teleomorph von Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Beide Patienten infizierten sich an ihrem Kaninchen einer Kreuzungsrasse. Die drei klinischen Isolate der Patienten und des Kaninchens wurden als A. benhamiae identifiziert durch Chitinsynthase-1-Genanalyse (CHS1) wie auch durch Mating-Experimente. Obgleich wir 1998 uber die Erstisolierung von A. benhamiae von einem Kaninchen berichtet hatten, gab es bisher kein A. benhamiae-Isolat vom Menschen in Japan. Dies ist daher der erste Bericht uber humane Tinea corporis durch A. benhamiae in Japan. Es wird erwartet, dass sowohl humane wie animale Fallberichte von A. benhamiae in Zukunft zunehmen.
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phylogenetic classification and species identification of dermatophyte strains based on dna sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1999Co-Authors: Yoshiko Tamura, Takashi Mochizuki, Yoshito Tajiri, Ryo Hanazawa, Hiuga Saito, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Katsuhisa Uchida, Hideyo YamaguchiAbstract:The mutual phylogenetic relationships of dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton were demonstrated by using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences. Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. form a cluster in the phylogenetic tree with Epidermophyton floccosum as an outgroup, and within this cluster, all Trichophyton spp. except Trichophyton terrestre form a nested cluster (100% bootstrap support). Members of dermatophytes in the cluster of Trichophyton spp. were classified into three groups with ITS1 homologies, with each of them being a monophyletic cluster (100% bootstrap support). The Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii-Arthroderma simii group consists of A. vanbreuseghemii, A. simii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates from humans, T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Trichophyton schoenleinii. Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, and Trichophyton verrucosum are members of the Arthroderma benhamiae group. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceum form the T. rubrum group. This suggests that these “species” of dermatophytes have been overclassified. The ITS1 sequences of 11 clinical isolates were also determined to identify the species, and all strains were successfully identified by comparison of their base sequences with those in the ITS1 DNA sequence database.
Wieland Schroedl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trichophyton species of Arthroderma benhamiae a new infectious agent in dermatology
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2014Co-Authors: S Uhrlas, Florian Seyfarth, Marcel Erhard, J Herrmann, C. Krüger, Tino Wetzig, Wieland SchroedlAbstract:Summary In Germany, infections due to the zoophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton (T.) species of Arthroderma benhamiae are being more frequently diagnosed. The source of infection of this emerging pathogen overlaps with that of the zoophilic species T. interdigitale. The most common source are guinea pigs. T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae causes inflammatory dermatophytosis in children and adolescents. In addition to tinea capitis, it may cause both tinea corporis, tinea manus and frequently tinea faciei. In Germany, T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae is a frequent zoophilic dermatophyte, which in regions is probably more frequent than Microsporum canis. The mycological identification of the isolates with their yellow stained colonies is based on their macroscopic and microscopic features. However, some exhibit colony features consistent with those of T. interdigitale. These strains only can be identified unambiguously by means of molecular techniques. Using detection methods such as PCR-ELISA or real-time PCR, the dermatophyte can be identified directly from clinical material. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA has been approved as culture confirmation test for T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae. In addition, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) is useful. Widespread dermatophytosis due to T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae, in particular of tinea capitis, requires oral antifungal agents. Terbinafine is most effective, alternatives are fluconazole and itraconazole.
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trichophyton spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae ein neuer infektionserreger in der dermatologie
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2014Co-Authors: S Uhrlas, Florian Seyfarth, Marcel Erhard, Jürgen Herrmann, C. Krüger, Tino Wetzig, Wieland SchroedlAbstract:Zusammenfassung In Deutschland kommen seit einigen Jahren Infektionen durch den zoophilen Dermatophyten Trichophyton (T.) Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae vor. Das Reservoir fur diesen neuen Erreger – ein emerging pathogen – uberlappt mit dem des zoophilen T. interdigitale. Insbesondere Meerschweinchen sind Carrier. T. Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae verursacht eine entzundliche Tinea bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Neben der Tinea capitis werden Tinea corporis und Tinea manus verursacht, vor allem jedoch die Tinea faciei. T. Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae ist in Deutschland ein haufiger zoophiler Dermatophyt, in manchen Regionen haufiger als Microsporum canis. Die Identifizierung der Isolate mit gelb gefarbten Kolonien ist anhand makro- und mikroskopischer Merkmale moglich. Ein Teil der Isolate weist jedoch Koloniemerkmale auf, welche mit denen von T. interdigitale ubereinstimmen. Diese Stamme lassen sich nur mittels molekularer Methoden identifizieren. Mit einem PCR-ELISA oder real-time PCR kann der Dermatophyt direkt im klinischen Material nachgewiesen werden. Als Kulturbestatigungstest hat sich die Sequenzierung der internal transcribed spacer Region (ITS) der ribosomalen DNA bewahrt. Auch die matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) ist dafur geeignet. Die Behandlung von ausgedehnten Dermatophytosen durch T. Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae, insbesondere der Tinea capitis, erfolgt mit oralen Antimykotika, am besten Terbinafin; Alternativen sind Fluconazol und Itraconazol.
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trichophyton species of Arthroderma benhamiae a new infectious agent in dermatology
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2014Co-Authors: P Nenoff, S Uhrlas, Florian Seyfarth, Wieland Schroedl, U.‑c. Hipler, Marcel Erhard, J Herrmann, C. Krüger, Tino Wetzig, Yvonne GraserAbstract:Summary In Germany, infections due to the zoophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton (T.) species of Arthroderma benhamiae are being more frequently diagnosed. The source of infection of this emerging pathogen overlaps with that of the zoophilic species T. interdigitale. The most common source are guinea pigs. T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae causes inflammatory dermatophytosis in children and adolescents. In addition to tinea capitis, it may cause both tinea corporis, tinea manus and frequently tinea faciei. In Germany, T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae is a frequent zoophilic dermatophyte, which in regions is probably more frequent than Microsporum canis. The mycological identification of the isolates with their yellow stained colonies is based on their macroscopic and microscopic features. However, some exhibit colony features consistent with those of T. interdigitale. These strains only can be identified unambiguously by means of molecular techniques. Using detection methods such as PCR-ELISA or real-time PCR, the dermatophyte can be identified directly from clinical material. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA has been approved as culture confirmation test for T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae. In addition, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) is useful. Widespread dermatophytosis due to T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae, in particular of tinea capitis, requires oral antifungal agents. Terbinafine is most effective, alternatives are fluconazole and itraconazole.
Hideyo Yamaguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogenetic classification and species identification of dermatophyte strains based on dna sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1999Co-Authors: Yoshiko Tamura, Takashi Mochizuki, Yoshito Tajiri, Ryo Hanazawa, Hiuga Saito, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Katsuhisa Uchida, Hideyo YamaguchiAbstract:The mutual phylogenetic relationships of dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton were demonstrated by using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences. Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. form a cluster in the phylogenetic tree with Epidermophyton floccosum as an outgroup, and within this cluster, all Trichophyton spp. except Trichophyton terrestre form a nested cluster (100% bootstrap support). Members of dermatophytes in the cluster of Trichophyton spp. were classified into three groups with ITS1 homologies, with each of them being a monophyletic cluster (100% bootstrap support). The Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii-Arthroderma simii group consists of A. vanbreuseghemii, A. simii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates from humans, T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Trichophyton schoenleinii. Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, and Trichophyton verrucosum are members of the Arthroderma benhamiae group. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceum form the T. rubrum group. This suggests that these “species” of dermatophytes have been overclassified. The ITS1 sequences of 11 clinical isolates were also determined to identify the species, and all strains were successfully identified by comparison of their base sequences with those in the ITS1 DNA sequence database.
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phylogenetic classification of trichophyton mentagrophytes complex strains based on dna sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1998Co-Authors: Takashi Mochizuki, Hiuga Saito, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Katsuhisa Uchida, Hideyo YamaguchiAbstract:Using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences from 37 stock strains and clinical isolates provisionally termed Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex in Japan, we demonstrated the mutual phylogenetic relationships of these strains. Members of this complex were classified into 3 ITS1-homologous groups and 13 ITS1-identical groups by their sequences. ITS1-homologous group I consists of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii, T. mentagrophytes human isolates, and several strains of T. mentagrophytes animal isolates. Five strains of Arthroderma simii form a cluster comprising ITS1-homologous group II. The Americano-European and African races of Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, and one strain of a T. mentagrophytes animal isolate constitute ITS1-homologous group III. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed with Trichophyton rubrum as an outgroup, ITS1-homologous groups I and II comprised a monophyletic cluster and ITS1-homologous group III constituted another cluster which was rather distant from the others in the complex. This system was applicable to the phylogenetic analysis of closely related strains. Using this technique, human and animal isolates of T. mentagrophytes were also clearly distinguishable from each other.
Yvonne Graser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trichophyton species of Arthroderma benhamiae a new infectious agent in dermatology
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2014Co-Authors: P Nenoff, S Uhrlas, Florian Seyfarth, Wieland Schroedl, U.‑c. Hipler, Marcel Erhard, J Herrmann, C. Krüger, Tino Wetzig, Yvonne GraserAbstract:Summary In Germany, infections due to the zoophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton (T.) species of Arthroderma benhamiae are being more frequently diagnosed. The source of infection of this emerging pathogen overlaps with that of the zoophilic species T. interdigitale. The most common source are guinea pigs. T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae causes inflammatory dermatophytosis in children and adolescents. In addition to tinea capitis, it may cause both tinea corporis, tinea manus and frequently tinea faciei. In Germany, T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae is a frequent zoophilic dermatophyte, which in regions is probably more frequent than Microsporum canis. The mycological identification of the isolates with their yellow stained colonies is based on their macroscopic and microscopic features. However, some exhibit colony features consistent with those of T. interdigitale. These strains only can be identified unambiguously by means of molecular techniques. Using detection methods such as PCR-ELISA or real-time PCR, the dermatophyte can be identified directly from clinical material. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA has been approved as culture confirmation test for T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae. In addition, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) is useful. Widespread dermatophytosis due to T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae, in particular of tinea capitis, requires oral antifungal agents. Terbinafine is most effective, alternatives are fluconazole and itraconazole.
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Changes in frequency of agents of tinea capitis in school children from Western China suggest slow migration rates in dermatophytes
Medical mycology, 2008Co-Authors: Shuwen Deng, G S De Hoog, Glenn Bulmer, Richard C. Summerbell, Y. Hui, Yvonne GraserAbstract:Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp of children in Western China, with the gray-patch from being the most prevalent. Twenty years ago, the most widespread etiologic agent was reported to be Trichophyton violaceum, which was later succeeded by Microsporum ferrugineum and Trichophyton schoenleinii. In the framework of our recent study, 97 isolates were collected from patients with clinically suspected tinea capitis. Identification was performed by conventional methods and by sequencing the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. In the case of T. violaceum an additional microsatellite primer set (T1) was used. Five species (in order of frequency, Trichophyton violaceum, T. schoenleinii, Microsporum ferrugineum, zoophilic strains of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii, and Trichophyton tonsurans) were identified. Results of molecular and phenotypic ID of the same strains showed good correspondence. Comparison with earlier data showed that dermatophytes species in former rural societies must have migrated extremely slowly. Preponderance of local transmission from domesticated animals was proven by the occurrence of zoophilic strains of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii. Etiologic agents in the rural communities of Western China tend to be different from those of the other regions in the country, despite modern communication and traffic.
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trichophyton mentagrophytes sive interdigitale a dermatophyte in the course of time
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2007Co-Authors: P Nenoff, Jürgen Herrmann, Yvonne GraserAbstract:Originally, the Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes complex distinguished between the anthropophilic subspecies T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes var. nodulare (synonym T. krajdenii), and T. mentagrophytes var. goetzii and the zoophilic subspecies T. mentagrophytes var. granulosum (rodents), T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei (hedgehog), and T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum (mice). In addition, two sexual species (teleomorph) of this complex are known. These are Arthroderma (A.) benhamiae Ajello and Cheng 1967 and Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii Takashio 1973. According to recent molecular studies,the species T.mentagrophytes is synonymous with only the zoophilic subspecies T.mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum which is rare in Western Europe. The anthropophilic subspecies of T. mentagrophytes, as well as many of the zoophilic strains, formerly differentiated as var. mentagrophytes or var. granulosum, are indistinguishable and are now designated T.interdigitale. The morphological differentiation between anthropophilic and zoophilic T. interdigitale strains by classical microscopical and biochemical methods is often problematic. In particular, it is impossible to differentiate between the zoophilic strains of T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes, and the Trichophyton anamorph of A. benhamiae. In these cases, molecular identification methods may be applied to answer epidemiological, taxonomical and therapeutic questions.
