The Experts below are selected from a list of 6516 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bernd Dhoedt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the treatment of anterior dental trauma
Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 2011Co-Authors: Dan Brullmann, Ralf Schulze, Bernd DhoedtAbstract:Anterior dental trauma is a common injury pattern of the dentoalveolar system in which appropriate first aid is important. When children and adolescents suffer an anterior dental trauma, the challenge is to preserve the tooth in this esthetically important area and minimize subsequent damage. Lack of treatment or improper treatment can lead to a lifelong need for dental care. There are many causes of anterior dental trauma. At the age of one and two years, it is mainly caused by falls when learning to walk. At preschool age, between two and six years, many such injuries are caused by falls resulting from lack of attention when engaging in physical play. The highest incidence of anterior dental trauma occurs between seven and twelve years of age (1– 4). The leading cause is the increase in sporting activities and in confrontations with others of the same age. After traffic accidents and physical fights, sporting injuries are one of the main causes of anterior dental trauma (5, 6), and the prevalence of these injuries varies between different types of sport (7– 10). Anterior dental trauma during school sports classes accounts for 2.3% of all sports accidents in Germany (7). Because of the high frequency of dental trauma and the expensive, lengthy care it can require, the German Dental Association (BZAK, Bundeszahnarztekammer) recommends that all kindergartens, schools, sports centers, dental practices, and medical institutions should keep a stock of tooth rescue boxes (5). Because anterior dental trauma is often caused by accidents that also cause limb fractures, concussion, or life-threatening injuries (11), it is frequently overlooked, as emergency care initially concentrates on more important issues. As a result, it often becomes impossible to provide appropriate treatment that would allow the affected front tooth to be saved. At the same time, the preservation of an intact permanent tooth, which unlike deciduous teeth will not be naturally replaced by the body, is extremely important to the further psychological development of the affected person (12). Various studies involving surveys have shown that the loss of a front tooth in children and adolescents is evaluated unfavorably in both psychological and social terms. These problems include both exclusion by peers because of the visible flaw, which can lead to social deprivation (13), and a feeling of embarrassment when laughing and avoidance of contact with peers (13, 14). However, there are also practical reasons for providing immediate care for anterior dental trauma in order to avoid subsequent interventions: If a front tooth is lost before the jaw has finished growing, it cannot be replaced with an Artificial Implant, as Implants heal ankylotically. This would lead to the alveolar process developing further around the Implant as the jaw grew, leading to an esthetically unpleasing result in the long term following crown treatment. If left untreated, the loss of a permanent tooth causes severe damage to the alveolar process that subsequently requires extensive surgeries to repair, in order to achieve an esthetically and functionally satisfactory result.
V. Amigó Borrás - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tribocorrosion mechanisms of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloys in Artificial saliva with different pHs
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2013Co-Authors: M P Licausi, A. Igual Muñoz, V. Amigó BorrásAbstract:Titanium and its alloys has been widely used for the design of dental Implants because of its biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The powder-metallurgy process is a promising alternative to the casting fabrication process of titanium alloys for bone Implants design as the porous structure mimics the natural bone structures, allowing the bone to grow into the pores which results in a better fixation of the Artificial Implant. However, under in vivo conditions the Implants are subjected to tribocorrosion phenomenon, which consists in the degradation mechanisms due to the combined effect of wear and corrosion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the tribocorrosion behaviour of cast and sintered Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy for dental applications using the cast material as reference. Titanium samples were tested in Artificial human saliva solution with three different pHs (3, 6, 9) and in an acidic saliva with 1000 ppm fluorides (AS-3-1000F−) by different electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic curves, potentiostatic tests and tribo-electrochemical tests). Cast and sintered titanium alloys exhibit the same tribocorrosion mechanisms in AS independently of the pH which consists in plastic deformation with passive dissolution, but the addition of fluorides to the acidified solution changes the degradation mechanism towards active dissolution of the titanium alloys.
Dan Brullmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the treatment of anterior dental trauma
Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 2011Co-Authors: Dan Brullmann, Ralf Schulze, Bernd DhoedtAbstract:Anterior dental trauma is a common injury pattern of the dentoalveolar system in which appropriate first aid is important. When children and adolescents suffer an anterior dental trauma, the challenge is to preserve the tooth in this esthetically important area and minimize subsequent damage. Lack of treatment or improper treatment can lead to a lifelong need for dental care. There are many causes of anterior dental trauma. At the age of one and two years, it is mainly caused by falls when learning to walk. At preschool age, between two and six years, many such injuries are caused by falls resulting from lack of attention when engaging in physical play. The highest incidence of anterior dental trauma occurs between seven and twelve years of age (1– 4). The leading cause is the increase in sporting activities and in confrontations with others of the same age. After traffic accidents and physical fights, sporting injuries are one of the main causes of anterior dental trauma (5, 6), and the prevalence of these injuries varies between different types of sport (7– 10). Anterior dental trauma during school sports classes accounts for 2.3% of all sports accidents in Germany (7). Because of the high frequency of dental trauma and the expensive, lengthy care it can require, the German Dental Association (BZAK, Bundeszahnarztekammer) recommends that all kindergartens, schools, sports centers, dental practices, and medical institutions should keep a stock of tooth rescue boxes (5). Because anterior dental trauma is often caused by accidents that also cause limb fractures, concussion, or life-threatening injuries (11), it is frequently overlooked, as emergency care initially concentrates on more important issues. As a result, it often becomes impossible to provide appropriate treatment that would allow the affected front tooth to be saved. At the same time, the preservation of an intact permanent tooth, which unlike deciduous teeth will not be naturally replaced by the body, is extremely important to the further psychological development of the affected person (12). Various studies involving surveys have shown that the loss of a front tooth in children and adolescents is evaluated unfavorably in both psychological and social terms. These problems include both exclusion by peers because of the visible flaw, which can lead to social deprivation (13), and a feeling of embarrassment when laughing and avoidance of contact with peers (13, 14). However, there are also practical reasons for providing immediate care for anterior dental trauma in order to avoid subsequent interventions: If a front tooth is lost before the jaw has finished growing, it cannot be replaced with an Artificial Implant, as Implants heal ankylotically. This would lead to the alveolar process developing further around the Implant as the jaw grew, leading to an esthetically unpleasing result in the long term following crown treatment. If left untreated, the loss of a permanent tooth causes severe damage to the alveolar process that subsequently requires extensive surgeries to repair, in order to achieve an esthetically and functionally satisfactory result.
Jonathan Lawrence - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improvement in mechanical properties of titanium alloy ti 6al 7nb subject to multiple laser shock peening
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaojun Shen, Pratik Shukla, Subhasisa Nath, Jonathan LawrenceAbstract:Abstract This paper is focused on laser shock peening (LSP) of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-7Nb) for the first-time. This was to improve upon the Artificial Implant failures caused by destitute wear resistance of titanium alloys. As such, millions of patients are suffering from osteoarthritis pain, which costs billions of pounds annually to end users as they either have to undergo a complete replacement of the particular Implants or a second surgery subject to Implant failures. Therefore, the effect of multiple impacts on the mechanical properties and sliding wear behaviour of Ti-6Al-7Nb subjected to LSP were investigated. Ti-6Al-7Nb has the advantage of biocompatibility as the material can be applicable for orthopaedic Implants. It is critical to improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance. LSP is one of the most effective methods to improve mechanical properties. Thus, in this study X-ray diffraction (XRD); Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); surface roughness using 3-D profiling; microhardness using Vickers indentation method; and sliding wear with a tribometer were employed to measure the effect of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy subjected LSP. It was found that the microhardness of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy can be effectively improved from 290 HV30 to 369 HV30. In addition, the average the grain size was measured to be 10 μm and showed a reduction of 67%. The surface roughness was increased after multiple LSP from 0.15 μm to 0.52 μm. However, the wear resistance was improved by 44% after multiple LSP. The findings from this work will contribute towards extending the services time of orthopaedic Implants and help patients undergo reduced number of surgeries.
M P Licausi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tribocorrosion mechanisms of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloys in Artificial saliva with different pHs
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2013Co-Authors: M P Licausi, A. Igual Muñoz, V. Amigó BorrásAbstract:Titanium and its alloys has been widely used for the design of dental Implants because of its biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The powder-metallurgy process is a promising alternative to the casting fabrication process of titanium alloys for bone Implants design as the porous structure mimics the natural bone structures, allowing the bone to grow into the pores which results in a better fixation of the Artificial Implant. However, under in vivo conditions the Implants are subjected to tribocorrosion phenomenon, which consists in the degradation mechanisms due to the combined effect of wear and corrosion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the tribocorrosion behaviour of cast and sintered Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy for dental applications using the cast material as reference. Titanium samples were tested in Artificial human saliva solution with three different pHs (3, 6, 9) and in an acidic saliva with 1000 ppm fluorides (AS-3-1000F−) by different electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic curves, potentiostatic tests and tribo-electrochemical tests). Cast and sintered titanium alloys exhibit the same tribocorrosion mechanisms in AS independently of the pH which consists in plastic deformation with passive dissolution, but the addition of fluorides to the acidified solution changes the degradation mechanism towards active dissolution of the titanium alloys.
