The Experts below are selected from a list of 7935 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peidong Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interfacing nature's catalytic machinery with synthetic materials for semi-Artificial Photosynthesis.
Nature nanotechnology, 2018Co-Authors: Nikolay Kornienko, Peidong Yang, Kelsey K Sakimoto, Jenny Z. Zhang, Erwin ReisnerAbstract:Semi-Artificial photosynthetic systems aim to overcome the limitations of natural and Artificial Photosynthesis while providing an opportunity to investigate their respective functionality. The progress and studies of these hybrid systems is the focus of this forward-looking perspective. In this Review, we discuss how enzymes have been interfaced with synthetic materials and employed for semi-Artificial fuel production. In parallel, we examine how more complex living cellular systems can be recruited for in vivo fuel and chemical production in an approach where inorganic nanostructures are hybridized with photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic microorganisms. Side-by-side comparisons reveal strengths and limitations of enzyme- and microorganism-based hybrid systems, and how lessons extracted from studying enzyme hybrids can be applied to investigations of microorganism-hybrid devices. We conclude by putting semi-Artificial Photosynthesis in the context of its own ambitions and discuss how it can help address the grand challenges facing Artificial systems for the efficient generation of solar fuels and chemicals.
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Artificial Photosynthesis for sustainable fuel and chemical production
Angewandte Chemie, 2015Co-Authors: Kelsey K Sakimoto, Dachao Hong, Peidong YangAbstract:The apparent incongruity between the increasing consumption of fuels and chemicals and the finite amount of resources has led us to seek means to maintain the sustainability of our society. Artificial Photosynthesis, which utilizes sunlight to create high-value chemicals from abundant resources, is considered as the most promising and viable method. This Minireview describes the progress and challenges in the field of Artificial Photosynthesis in terms of its key components: developments in photoelectrochemical water splitting and recent progress in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Advances in catalysis, concerning the use of renewable hydrogen as a feedstock for major chemical production, are outlined to shed light on the ultimate role of Artificial Photosynthesis in achieving sustainable chemistry.
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Semiconductor Nanowires for Artificial Photosynthesis
Chemistry of Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Chong Liu, Neil P. Dasgupta, Peidong YangAbstract:In this Perspective, we discuss current challenges in Artificial Photosynthesis research, with a focus on the benefits of a nanowire morphology. Matching the flux between electrocatalysts and light-absorbers, and between individual semiconducting light-absorbers, are two major issues to design economically viable devices for Artificial Photosynthesis. With the knowledge that natural Photosynthesis is an integrated nanosystem, individual building blocks of biomimetic Artificial Photosynthesis are discussed. Possible research directions are presented under an integrated device design scheme, with examples of our current progress in these areas. Coupling all of the components together, including electrocatalysts, light- absorbers, and charge transport units, is crucial due to both fundamental and practical considerations. Given the advantages of one-dimensional nanostructures, it is evident that semiconductor nanowires can function as essential building blocks and help to solve many of the issues in Artificial Photosynthesis.
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energy and environment policy case for a global project on Artificial Photosynthesis
Energy and Environmental Science, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas Alured Faunce, Thomas A. Moore, Peidong Yang, Wolfgang Lubitz, A W Rutherford, Douglas R Macfarlane, Gary F Moore, Daniel G Nocera, Duncan H GregoryAbstract:A policy case is made for a global project on Artificial Photosynthesis including its scientific justification, potential governance structure and funding mechanisms.
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Chapter 6:Nanowires for Photovoltaics and Artificial Photosynthesis
Smart Materials Series, 1Co-Authors: Peidong Yang, Sarah Brittman, Chong LiuAbstract:As the world's population grows and modernizes, developing inexpensive and efficient technologies for solar energy conversion is becoming increasingly important. Photovoltaics and Artificial Photosynthesis are two approaches for transforming solar energy into a usable form, either electricity or chemical fuels. While both technologies have been actively researched for decades, semiconductor nanowires possess unique properties that make them promising candidates for efficient photovoltaics and Artificial Photosynthesis. Because many optical and electronic processes occur over nanometer length scales, nanowires can offer improved capabilities to absorb light, collect photogenerated charges, and perform chemical reactions, functions that are all essential for solar energy conversion. Additionally, the increasing dexterity with which scientists synthesize, fabricate, and integrate nanoscale structures suggests that efficient devices that can take full advantage of these unique properties are not too far in the future.
Erwin Reisner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advancing photosystem II photoelectrochemistry for semi-Artificial Photosynthesis
Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Jenny Z. Zhang, Erwin ReisnerAbstract:A light-driven enzyme that oxidizes H_2O, photosystem II has inspired a wealth of solar fuels research and is used directly in semi-Artificial Photosynthesis. This Review describes the photosystem–electrode interface, as well as state-of-the-art electrode and biohybrid cell designs, and their importance in bio-photoelectrochemistry and semi-Artificial Photosynthesis. Oxygenic Photosynthesis is the primary solar energy-conversion process that supports much of life on Earth. It is initiated by photosystem II (PSII), an enzyme that extracts electrons from H_2O and feeds them into an electron-transport chain to result in chemical synthesis using the input of solar energy. PSII can be immobilized onto electrodes for photoelectrochemical studies, in which electrons photogenerated from PSII are harnessed for enzyme characterization, and to drive fuel-forming reactions by electrochemically coupling the PSII to a suitable (bio)catalyst. Research in PSII photoelectrochemistry has recently made substantial strides in electrode design and unravelling charge-transfer pathways at the bio–material interface. In turn, these efforts have opened up possibilities in the field of bio-photoelectrochemistry, expanding the range of biocatalysts that can be systematically interrogated, including biofilms of whole photosynthetic cells. Furthermore, these studies have accelerated the development of semi-Artificial Photosynthesis to afford autonomous, solar-driven, fuel-forming biohybrid devices. This Review summarizes the latest advancements in PSII photoelectrochemistry with respect to electrode design and understanding of the bio-material interface, on both the protein and cellular level. We also discuss the role of biological photosynthetic systems in present and future semi-Artificial Photosynthesis.
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When Does Organic Photoredox Catalysis Meet Artificial Photosynthesis
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2019Co-Authors: Erwin ReisnerAbstract:Although the same basics of photocatalysis unite applications in Artificial Photosynthesis, photoreformation, photoredox catalysis and photodynamic therapy, they are being developed in surprising isolation. … This editorial is a call to join forces and embrace progress in all of these areas to enable accelerated development of a more holistic science in photocatalysis. …" Read more in the Guest Editorial by E. Reisner.
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Interfacing nature's catalytic machinery with synthetic materials for semi-Artificial Photosynthesis.
Nature nanotechnology, 2018Co-Authors: Nikolay Kornienko, Peidong Yang, Kelsey K Sakimoto, Jenny Z. Zhang, Erwin ReisnerAbstract:Semi-Artificial photosynthetic systems aim to overcome the limitations of natural and Artificial Photosynthesis while providing an opportunity to investigate their respective functionality. The progress and studies of these hybrid systems is the focus of this forward-looking perspective. In this Review, we discuss how enzymes have been interfaced with synthetic materials and employed for semi-Artificial fuel production. In parallel, we examine how more complex living cellular systems can be recruited for in vivo fuel and chemical production in an approach where inorganic nanostructures are hybridized with photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic microorganisms. Side-by-side comparisons reveal strengths and limitations of enzyme- and microorganism-based hybrid systems, and how lessons extracted from studying enzyme hybrids can be applied to investigations of microorganism-hybrid devices. We conclude by putting semi-Artificial Photosynthesis in the context of its own ambitions and discuss how it can help address the grand challenges facing Artificial systems for the efficient generation of solar fuels and chemicals.
Leif Hammarström - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Artificial Photosynthesis: closing remarks.
Faraday discussions, 2017Co-Authors: Leif HammarströmAbstract:This paper derives from my closing remarks lecture at the 198th Faraday Discussion meeting on Artificial Photosynthesis, Kyoto, Japan, February 28–March 2. The meeting had sessions on biological approaches and fundamental processes, molecular catalysts, inorganic assembly catalysts, and integration of systems for demonstrating realistic devices. The field has had much progress since the previous Faraday Discussion on Artificial Photosynthesis in Edinburgh, UK, in 2011. This paper is a personal account of recent discussions and developments in the field, as reflected in and discussed during the meeting. First it discusses the general directions of Artificial Photosynthesis and some considerations for a future solar fuels technology. Then it comments on some scientific directions in the area of the meeting.
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Coupled electron transfers in Artificial Photosynthesis.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Leif Hammarström, Stenbjörn StyringAbstract:Light-induced charge separation in molecular assemblies has been widely investigated in the context of Artificial Photosynthesis. Important progress has been made in the fundamental understanding of electron and energy transfer and in stabilizing charge separation by multi-step electron transfer. In the Swedish Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis, we build on principles from the natural enzyme photosystem II and Fe-hydrogenases. An important theme in this biomimetic effort is that of coupled electron-transfer reactions, which have so far received only little attention. (i) Each absorbed photon leads to charge separation on a single-electron level only, while catalytic water splitting and hydrogen production are multi-electron processes; thus there is the need for controlling accumulative electron transfer on molecular components. (ii) Water splitting and proton reduction at the potential catalysts necessarily require the management of proton release and/or uptake. Far from being just a stoichiometric requirement, this controls the electron transfer processes by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). (iii) Redox-active links between the photosensitizers and the catalysts are required to rectify the accumulative electron-transfer reactions, and will often be the starting points of PCET.
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Understanding Photosystem II Function by Artificial Photosynthesis
Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 1Co-Authors: Ann Magnuson, Stenbjörn Styring, Leif HammarströmAbstract:Inspired by the Photosystem II reaction center and the water oxidation chemistry that it performs, we aim to develop Artificial Photosynthesis for fuel production. Besides the original work we do in this direction, we also acquire knowledge feedback from our novel compounds. Our man-made systems create new perspectives on electron and proton transfer, bioinorganic chemistry, excitation energy transfer and other issues that are central to Photosynthesis research. In this chapter we describe some of the highlights in our research and the conclusions they have generated.
Stenbjörn Styring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Artificial Photosynthesis for solar fuels
Faraday Discussions, 2012Co-Authors: Stenbjörn StyringAbstract:This contribution was presented as the closing lecture at the Faraday Discussion 155 on Artificial Photosynthesis, held in Edinburgh Scotland, September 5–7 2011. The world needs new, environmentally friendly and renewable fuels to exchange for fossil fuels. The fuel must be made from cheap and “endless” resources that are available everywhere. The new research area of solar fuels aims to meet this demand. This paper discusses why we need a solar fuel and why electricity is not enough; it proposes solar energy as the major renewable energy source to feed from. The scientific field concerning Artificial Photosynthesis expands rapidly and most of the different scientific visions for solar fuels are briefly overviewed. Research strategies and the development of Artificial Photosynthesis research to produce solar fuels are overviewed. Some conceptual aspects of research for Artificial Photosynthesis are discussed in closer detail.
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Coupled electron transfers in Artificial Photosynthesis.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Leif Hammarström, Stenbjörn StyringAbstract:Light-induced charge separation in molecular assemblies has been widely investigated in the context of Artificial Photosynthesis. Important progress has been made in the fundamental understanding of electron and energy transfer and in stabilizing charge separation by multi-step electron transfer. In the Swedish Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis, we build on principles from the natural enzyme photosystem II and Fe-hydrogenases. An important theme in this biomimetic effort is that of coupled electron-transfer reactions, which have so far received only little attention. (i) Each absorbed photon leads to charge separation on a single-electron level only, while catalytic water splitting and hydrogen production are multi-electron processes; thus there is the need for controlling accumulative electron transfer on molecular components. (ii) Water splitting and proton reduction at the potential catalysts necessarily require the management of proton release and/or uptake. Far from being just a stoichiometric requirement, this controls the electron transfer processes by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). (iii) Redox-active links between the photosensitizers and the catalysts are required to rectify the accumulative electron-transfer reactions, and will often be the starting points of PCET.
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Understanding Photosystem II Function by Artificial Photosynthesis
Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 1Co-Authors: Ann Magnuson, Stenbjörn Styring, Leif HammarströmAbstract:Inspired by the Photosystem II reaction center and the water oxidation chemistry that it performs, we aim to develop Artificial Photosynthesis for fuel production. Besides the original work we do in this direction, we also acquire knowledge feedback from our novel compounds. Our man-made systems create new perspectives on electron and proton transfer, bioinorganic chemistry, excitation energy transfer and other issues that are central to Photosynthesis research. In this chapter we describe some of the highlights in our research and the conclusions they have generated.
Chong Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Semiconductor Nanowires for Artificial Photosynthesis
Chemistry of Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Chong Liu, Neil P. Dasgupta, Peidong YangAbstract:In this Perspective, we discuss current challenges in Artificial Photosynthesis research, with a focus on the benefits of a nanowire morphology. Matching the flux between electrocatalysts and light-absorbers, and between individual semiconducting light-absorbers, are two major issues to design economically viable devices for Artificial Photosynthesis. With the knowledge that natural Photosynthesis is an integrated nanosystem, individual building blocks of biomimetic Artificial Photosynthesis are discussed. Possible research directions are presented under an integrated device design scheme, with examples of our current progress in these areas. Coupling all of the components together, including electrocatalysts, light- absorbers, and charge transport units, is crucial due to both fundamental and practical considerations. Given the advantages of one-dimensional nanostructures, it is evident that semiconductor nanowires can function as essential building blocks and help to solve many of the issues in Artificial Photosynthesis.
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Nanowire-based Integration for Artificial Photosynthesis
2013Co-Authors: Chong LiuAbstract:Author(s): Liu, Chong | Advisor(s): Yang, Peidong | Abstract: Artificial Photosynthesis, the biomimetic approach to converting sunlight's energy directly into chemical fuels, offers an attractive way to address the need for a clean, renewable source of energy. In plants, chloroplasts store the sun's energy using a system of integrated photosynthetic nanostructures including light-absorbing pigments, electron-transport chains, and chemical catalysts. However, neither such integration of nanostructures nor energy conversion efficiency suitable for practical applications has been achieved in Artificial Photosynthesis. In this context, the subject of my graduate research is to develop an integrated system using nanowire-based nanostructures to imitate natural Photosynthesis. This centers on two themes: (1) constructing novel integrated nanostructures for solar-to-fuel conversion, and (2) developing next-generation materials and catalysts for improved photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance.Although natural Photosynthesis organizes its active components at the nanometer scale to better control the process of energy conversion, this level of integration had not been realized until recently for Artificial Photosynthesis. Here the construction of a nanowire-based integrated system to realize such a nanoscopic control is demonstrated. Since all of the processes in PEC relate to the interfaces among semiconductor light-absorbers, electrocatalysts, and the electrolyte, the first to realize an integrated nanosystem was to under how photo-excited carriers would transfer within these interfaces. By using kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), the local electrostatic potential of an asymmetric nanowire composed of Si and a TiO2 shell, which was covered in a layer of water. Different local potentials were observed in dark and under illumination, which provides the knowledge that the heterojunction of Si and TiO2 could function as a Z-scheme system for solar water splitting.After obtaining this piece of information, we moved forward to develop an integrated nanosystem for Artificial Photosynthesis. Taking the concept of Z-scheme, we used Si and TiO2 nanowires as building blocks to construct a tree-shaped heterostructure. In this structure, the positions of the reduction and oxidation components were pre-defined to mimic the spatial control found in chloroplasts. The integrated standalone device splits H2O into H2 and O2 under simulated sunlight, with an efficiency of solar-to-fuel conversion comparable to that of natural Photosynthesis. This first demonstration paves the way for using nano-sized building blocks to achieve efficient solar-to-fuel conversion. The nanowire-based integration allows individual building blocks to be replaced with newly developed ones. In this dissertation advanced building blocks for Artificial Photosynthesis is also demonstrated.We have explored new materials and methods to improve the energy conversion efficiency of semiconductor light-absorbers. Solution-phase synthesis of III-V semiconductor nanowires was successfully demonstrated for photocatalytic reactions, and the nanowires' electronic properties could be fine-tuned to fit the needs of device integration. Also we demonstrated enhancement of the photoanodic activity of hematite (Fe2O3) using the surface plasmon resonance of exquisitely controlled Au nanostructures. Additionally, new electrocatalysts suitable for practical applications are developed. We first looked into the lower limit of platinum (Pt) loading as a catalyst for the H2 evolution reaction (HER). Using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, it is possible to quantitatively controlled the Pt loading down to about 0.2% of a monolayer (~10 ng/cm2), which is sufficient for some PEC applications. Cobalt sulfide, an earth-abundant catalyst, was also synthesized by electrodeposition. It acted as a HER catalyst in water at neutral pH and could be coupled with a Si photocathode for solar H2 production. Moreover we are developing an effective CO2 reduction catalyst of near unity selectivity for acetate production, which could be added into the integrated nanostructure.¬¬¬In conclusion, my graduate research focuses on the integration of nanowire-based structures to achieve more efficient Artificial Photosynthesis. This is demonstrated in this dissertation not only at system level for an intergrated nanostructure, but also at component level for advanced building blocks. This research can serve as a foundation for the efforts of other researches in the field of Artificial Photosynthesis.
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Chapter 6:Nanowires for Photovoltaics and Artificial Photosynthesis
Smart Materials Series, 1Co-Authors: Peidong Yang, Sarah Brittman, Chong LiuAbstract:As the world's population grows and modernizes, developing inexpensive and efficient technologies for solar energy conversion is becoming increasingly important. Photovoltaics and Artificial Photosynthesis are two approaches for transforming solar energy into a usable form, either electricity or chemical fuels. While both technologies have been actively researched for decades, semiconductor nanowires possess unique properties that make them promising candidates for efficient photovoltaics and Artificial Photosynthesis. Because many optical and electronic processes occur over nanometer length scales, nanowires can offer improved capabilities to absorb light, collect photogenerated charges, and perform chemical reactions, functions that are all essential for solar energy conversion. Additionally, the increasing dexterity with which scientists synthesize, fabricate, and integrate nanoscale structures suggests that efficient devices that can take full advantage of these unique properties are not too far in the future.
