The Experts below are selected from a list of 1626 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Roald Bahr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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injury risk on Artificial Turf and grass in youth tournament football
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2012Co-Authors: Torbjorn Soligard, Roald Bahr, Thor Einar AndersenAbstract:injury [odds ratio (OR): 0.93 (0.77–1.12), P 5 0.44] or in the risk of time loss injury [OR: 1.05 (0.68–1.61), P 5 0.82] between Artificial Turf and grass. However, there was a lower risk of ankle injuries [OR: 0.59 (0.40–0.88), P 5 0.008], and a higher risk of back and spine [OR: 1.92 (1.10–3.36), P 5 0.021] and shoulder and collarbone injuries [OR: 2.32 (1.01–5.31), P 5 0.049], on Artificial Turf compared with on grass. In conclusion, there was no difference in the overall risk of acute injury in youth footballers playing on third-generation Artificial Turf compared with grass.
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risk of injury on third generation Artificial Turf in norwegian professional football
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: John Bjorneboe, Roald Bahr, Thor Einar AndersenAbstract:Background Artificial Turf is used extensively in both recreational and elite football in areas with difficult climatic conditions. Objective To compare the risk for acute injuries between natural grass (NG) and third-generation Artificial Turf (3GAT) in male professional football. Study design Prospective cohort study. Methods All injuries sustained by players with a first-team contract were recorded by the medical staff of each club, from the 2004 throughout the 2007 season. An injury was registered if the player was unable to take fully part in football activity or match play. Results A total of 668 match injuries, 526 on grass and 142 on Artificial Turf, were recorded. The overall acute match injury incidence was 17.1 (95% CI 15.8 to 18.4) per 1000 match hours; 17.0 (95% CI 15.6 to 18.5) on grass and 17.6 (95% CI 14.7 to 20.5) on Artificial Turf. Correspondingly, the incidence for training injuries was 1.8 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.0); 1.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0) on grass and 1.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.2) on Artificial Turf respectively. No significant difference was observed in injury location, type or severity between Turf types. Conclusion No significant differences were detected in injury rate or pattern between 3GAT and NG in Norwegian male professional football.
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risk of injury on third generation Artificial Turf in norwegian professional football
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: John Bjorneboe, Roald Bahr, Thor Einar AndersenAbstract:BACKGROUND: Artificial Turf is used extensively in both recreational and elite football in areas with difficult climatic conditions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk for acute injuries between natural grass (NG) and third-generation Artificial Turf (3GAT) in male professional football. study design: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: All injuries sustained by players with a first-team contract were recorded by the medical staff of each club, from the 2004 throughout the 2007 season. An injury was registered if the player was unable to take fully part in football activity or match play. RESULTS: A total of 668 match injuries, 526 on grass and 142 on Artificial Turf, were recorded. The overall acute match injury incidence was 17.1 (95% CI 15.8 to 18.4) per 1000 match hours; 17.0 (95% CI 15.6 to 18.5) on grass and 17.6 (95% CI 14.7 to 20.5) on Artificial Turf. Correspondingly, the incidence for training injuries was 1.8 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.0); 1.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0) on grass and 1.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.2) on Artificial Turf respectively. No significant difference was observed in injury location, type or severity between Turf types. CONCLUSION: No significant differences were detected in injury rate or pattern between 3GAT and NG in Norwegian male professional football.
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risk of injury on Artificial Turf and natural grass in young female football players
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Kathrin Steffen, Thor Einar Andersen, Roald BahrAbstract:Background: Artificial Turf is becoming increasingly popular, although the risk of injury on newer generations of Turf is unknown. Aim: To investigate the risk of injury on Artificial Turf compared with natural grass among young female football players. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: 2020 players from 109 teams (mean (SD) 15.4 (0.8) years) participated in the study during the 2005 football season. Time-loss injuries and exposure data on different types of Turf were recorded over an eight-month period. Results: 421 (21%) players sustained 526 injuries, leading to an injury incidence of 3.7/1000 playing hours (95% CI 3.4 to 4.0). The incidence of acute injuries on Artificial Turf and grass did not differ significantly with respect to match injuries (rate ratio (RR) 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.3; p = 0.72) or training injuries (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.5, p = 0.93). In matches, the incidence of serious injuries was significantly higher on Artificial Turf (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.2; p = 0.03). Ankle sprain was the most common type of injury (34% of all acute injuries), and there was a trend towards more ankle sprains on Artificial Turf than on grass (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2; p = 0.06). Conclusion: In the present study among young female football players, the overall risk of acute injuries was similar between Artificial Turf and natural grass.
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risk of injury on Artificial Turf and natural grass in young female football players
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Kathrin Steffen, Thor Einar Andersen, Roald BahrAbstract:BACKGROUND: Artificial Turf is becoming increasingly popular, although the risk of injury on newer generations of Turf is unknown. AIM: To investigate the risk of injury on Artificial Turf compared with natural grass among young female football players. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: 2020 players from 109 teams (mean (SD) 15.4 (0.8) years) participated in the study during the 2005 football season. Time-loss injuries and exposure data on different types of Turf were recorded over an eight-month period. RESULTS: 421 (21%) players sustained 526 injuries, leading to an injury incidence of 3.7/1000 playing hours (95% CI 3.4 to 4.0). The incidence of acute injuries on Artificial Turf and grass did not differ significantly with respect to match injuries (rate ratio (RR) 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.3; p = 0.72) or training injuries (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.5, p = 0.93). In matches, the incidence of serious injuries was significantly higher on Artificial Turf (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.2; p = 0.03). Ankle sprain was the most common type of injury (34% of all acute injuries), and there was a trend towards more ankle sprains on Artificial Turf than on grass (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2; p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: In the present study among young female football players, the overall risk of acute injuries was similar between Artificial Turf and natural grass.
Thor Einar Andersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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injury risk on Artificial Turf and grass in youth tournament football
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2012Co-Authors: Torbjorn Soligard, Roald Bahr, Thor Einar AndersenAbstract:injury [odds ratio (OR): 0.93 (0.77–1.12), P 5 0.44] or in the risk of time loss injury [OR: 1.05 (0.68–1.61), P 5 0.82] between Artificial Turf and grass. However, there was a lower risk of ankle injuries [OR: 0.59 (0.40–0.88), P 5 0.008], and a higher risk of back and spine [OR: 1.92 (1.10–3.36), P 5 0.021] and shoulder and collarbone injuries [OR: 2.32 (1.01–5.31), P 5 0.049], on Artificial Turf compared with on grass. In conclusion, there was no difference in the overall risk of acute injury in youth footballers playing on third-generation Artificial Turf compared with grass.
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risk of injury on third generation Artificial Turf in norwegian professional football
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: John Bjorneboe, Roald Bahr, Thor Einar AndersenAbstract:Background Artificial Turf is used extensively in both recreational and elite football in areas with difficult climatic conditions. Objective To compare the risk for acute injuries between natural grass (NG) and third-generation Artificial Turf (3GAT) in male professional football. Study design Prospective cohort study. Methods All injuries sustained by players with a first-team contract were recorded by the medical staff of each club, from the 2004 throughout the 2007 season. An injury was registered if the player was unable to take fully part in football activity or match play. Results A total of 668 match injuries, 526 on grass and 142 on Artificial Turf, were recorded. The overall acute match injury incidence was 17.1 (95% CI 15.8 to 18.4) per 1000 match hours; 17.0 (95% CI 15.6 to 18.5) on grass and 17.6 (95% CI 14.7 to 20.5) on Artificial Turf. Correspondingly, the incidence for training injuries was 1.8 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.0); 1.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0) on grass and 1.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.2) on Artificial Turf respectively. No significant difference was observed in injury location, type or severity between Turf types. Conclusion No significant differences were detected in injury rate or pattern between 3GAT and NG in Norwegian male professional football.
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risk of injury on third generation Artificial Turf in norwegian professional football
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: John Bjorneboe, Roald Bahr, Thor Einar AndersenAbstract:BACKGROUND: Artificial Turf is used extensively in both recreational and elite football in areas with difficult climatic conditions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk for acute injuries between natural grass (NG) and third-generation Artificial Turf (3GAT) in male professional football. study design: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: All injuries sustained by players with a first-team contract were recorded by the medical staff of each club, from the 2004 throughout the 2007 season. An injury was registered if the player was unable to take fully part in football activity or match play. RESULTS: A total of 668 match injuries, 526 on grass and 142 on Artificial Turf, were recorded. The overall acute match injury incidence was 17.1 (95% CI 15.8 to 18.4) per 1000 match hours; 17.0 (95% CI 15.6 to 18.5) on grass and 17.6 (95% CI 14.7 to 20.5) on Artificial Turf. Correspondingly, the incidence for training injuries was 1.8 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.0); 1.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0) on grass and 1.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.2) on Artificial Turf respectively. No significant difference was observed in injury location, type or severity between Turf types. CONCLUSION: No significant differences were detected in injury rate or pattern between 3GAT and NG in Norwegian male professional football.
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risk of injury on Artificial Turf and natural grass in young female football players
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Kathrin Steffen, Thor Einar Andersen, Roald BahrAbstract:Background: Artificial Turf is becoming increasingly popular, although the risk of injury on newer generations of Turf is unknown. Aim: To investigate the risk of injury on Artificial Turf compared with natural grass among young female football players. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: 2020 players from 109 teams (mean (SD) 15.4 (0.8) years) participated in the study during the 2005 football season. Time-loss injuries and exposure data on different types of Turf were recorded over an eight-month period. Results: 421 (21%) players sustained 526 injuries, leading to an injury incidence of 3.7/1000 playing hours (95% CI 3.4 to 4.0). The incidence of acute injuries on Artificial Turf and grass did not differ significantly with respect to match injuries (rate ratio (RR) 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.3; p = 0.72) or training injuries (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.5, p = 0.93). In matches, the incidence of serious injuries was significantly higher on Artificial Turf (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.2; p = 0.03). Ankle sprain was the most common type of injury (34% of all acute injuries), and there was a trend towards more ankle sprains on Artificial Turf than on grass (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2; p = 0.06). Conclusion: In the present study among young female football players, the overall risk of acute injuries was similar between Artificial Turf and natural grass.
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risk of injury on Artificial Turf and natural grass in young female football players
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Kathrin Steffen, Thor Einar Andersen, Roald BahrAbstract:BACKGROUND: Artificial Turf is becoming increasingly popular, although the risk of injury on newer generations of Turf is unknown. AIM: To investigate the risk of injury on Artificial Turf compared with natural grass among young female football players. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: 2020 players from 109 teams (mean (SD) 15.4 (0.8) years) participated in the study during the 2005 football season. Time-loss injuries and exposure data on different types of Turf were recorded over an eight-month period. RESULTS: 421 (21%) players sustained 526 injuries, leading to an injury incidence of 3.7/1000 playing hours (95% CI 3.4 to 4.0). The incidence of acute injuries on Artificial Turf and grass did not differ significantly with respect to match injuries (rate ratio (RR) 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.3; p = 0.72) or training injuries (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.5, p = 0.93). In matches, the incidence of serious injuries was significantly higher on Artificial Turf (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.2; p = 0.03). Ankle sprain was the most common type of injury (34% of all acute injuries), and there was a trend towards more ankle sprains on Artificial Turf than on grass (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2; p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: In the present study among young female football players, the overall risk of acute injuries was similar between Artificial Turf and natural grass.
Leonor Gallardo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of structural components, mechanical wear and environmental conditions on the player–surface interaction on Artificial Turf football pitches
Materials & Design, 2018Co-Authors: Javier Sánchez-sánchez, Ana Maria Gallardo, Leonor Gallardo, Jorge García-unanue, Pascal Hexaire, José Luis FelipeAbstract:Abstract The aim of this research was to determine the influence of the structural components, the mechanical wear and the environmental conditions on the mechanical behaviour of third generation Artificial Turf football fields. Twenty-three football specimens of Artificial Turf were evaluated according to the standards of quality established by the FIFA Quality Programme for football Turf (laboratory test). Mechanical properties were analysed according to moisture, temperature and wear conditions. The structural variables used were: carpet mass sample (g/m2), pile weight (g/m2), tuft m2 sample (tuft/m2), pile length sample (mm), pile yarn dtex sample (g/10,000 m), infill bulk density sample (g/cm3), stabilizing bulk density sample (g/cm3), incorporation of elastic layer. Temperature, in opposite of wear conditions, did not significantly alter the mechanical behaviour of the surface, although humidity reduced the absorption capacity of the Artificial Turf within the regulatory limits. The characteristics of the structural components can explain up to 78.1% of the variance in the mechanical behaviour of the surface. Therefore, the control and maintenance of the structural components is necessary for guaranteeing a safe and functional mechanical behaviour of the Artificial Turf surface.
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Determination of mechanical properties of Artificial Turf football pitches according to structural components
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Javier Sánchez-sánchez, Ana Maria Gallardo, José Luis Felipe, Pascal Haxaire, Jorge García Unanue, Leonor GallardoAbstract:Structural components of Artificial Turf football pitches have been improved in the last decade. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of structural components on the in situ mechanica...
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Physical and Physiological Responses of Amateur Football Players on Third-Generation Artificial Turf Systems During Simulated Game Situations.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2016Co-Authors: Javier Sánchez-sánchez, Pablo Burillo, José Luis Felipe, Jorge García-unanue, Pedro Jiménez-reyes, David Viejo-romero, Maite Gómez-lópez, Enrique Hernando, Leonor GallardoAbstract:: Sanchez-Sanchez, J, Garcia-Unanue, J, Felipe, JL, Jimenez-Reyes, P, Viejo-Romero, D, Gomez-Lopez, M, Hernando, E, Burillo, P, and Gallardo, L. Physical and physiological responses of amateur football players on third generation Artificial Turf systems during simulated game situations. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3165-3177, 2016-The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical and physiological load imposed on amateur football players in a simulated game situation on different Artificial Turf systems. For that purpose, 20 football players (21.65 ± 3.10 year old) were monitored with Global Positioning Systems and heart rate bands during 45-minutes games on 4 selected Artificial Turf systems. The results show more covered distance in high-intensity ranges on the system with lower levels of damping and higher rates of rotational traction (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, this system of Artificial Turf demonstrated a high number of sprints (12.65 ± 5.67) and more elevated maximum speed peaks during the last part of the game (28.16 ± 2.90 km·h) in contrast to the systems with better damping capacity (p ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, the physiological load was similar across the 4 Artificial Turf systems (p > 0.05). Finally, the regression analysis demonstrated a significant influence of the mechanical properties of the surface on global distance (15.4%), number (12.6%), and maximum speed (16.6%) of the sprints. To conclude, the mechanical variability of the Artificial Turf systems resulted in differences in the activity profiles and the players' perceptions during simulated football games.
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influence of the mechanical properties of third generation Artificial Turf systems on soccer players physiological and physical performance and their perceptions
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Javier Sanchezsanchez, Ana Maria Gallardo, Pablo Burillo, José Luis Felipe, Jorge Garciaunanue, Pedro Jimenezreyes, Leonor GallardoAbstract:The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the mechanical properties of Artificial Turf systems on soccer players’ performance. A battery of perceptive physiological and physical tests were developed on four different structural systems of Artificial Turf (System 1: Compacted gravel sub-base without elastic layer; System 2: Compacted gravel sub-base with elastic layer; System 3: Asphalt sub-base without elastic layer; System 4: Asphalt sub-base with elastic layer). The sample was composed of 18 soccer players (22.4461.72 years) who typically train and compete on Artificial Turf. The Artificial Turf system with less rotational traction (S3) showed higher total time in the Repeated Sprint Ability test in comparison to the systems with intermediate values (49.4661.75 s vs 47.5561.82 s (S1) and 47.8561.59 s (S2); p,0.001). The performance in jumping tests (countermovement jump and squat jump) and ball kicking to goal decreased after the RSA test in all surfaces assessed (p,0.05), since the Artificial Turf system did not affect performance deterioration (p.0.05). The physiological load was similar in all four Artificial Turf systems. However, players felt more comfortable on the harder and more rigid system (S4; visual analogue scale = 70.83614.28) than on the softer Artificial Turf system (S2; visual analogue scale = 54.24619.63). The lineal regression analysis revealed a significant influence of the mechanical properties of the surface of 16.5%, 15.8% and 7.1% on the mean time of the sprint, the best sprint time and the maximum mean speed in the RSA test respectively. Results suggest a mechanical heterogeneity between the systems of Artificial Turf which generate differences in the physical performance and in the soccer players’ perceptions.
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effect of the structural components of support on the loss of mechanical properties of football fields of Artificial Turf
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Javier Sanchezsanchez, Pablo Burillo, José Luis Felipe, Julio Del Corral, Leonor GallardoAbstract:Football fields of Artificial Turf are in constant evolution. The resulting improvements have given rise to a large diversity of structural components. There are various types of infill and fibre for Artificial Turf and different designs and materials for the support structure (sub-base and elastic layer). The design of the sub-base and the presence or absence of the elastic layer can influence Turf performance and the surface's useful lifetime. The aim of this study was to assess in situ the effect of the various support structures on the mechanical properties of Artificial Turf after deterioration caused by wear for a year. The assessed properties were force reduction (%), standard vertical deformation (mm), rotational trac- tion (Nm), vertical ball rebound (%), and ball roll (m), according to the requirements in norm EN 15330-1:2007. The results demonstrate the effect of the structural base on the mechanical and functional performance of football fields of Artificial Turf, as well as the significant deterioration of the properties over a year which varied between 3.14% and 8.92% with regard to the installed system. These results show that the support structure that provides the greatest durability and adequate behaviour of the mechanical properties over time is that which has a sub-base of compacted gravel under an elastic layer.
José Luis Felipe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of structural components, mechanical wear and environmental conditions on the player–surface interaction on Artificial Turf football pitches
Materials & Design, 2018Co-Authors: Javier Sánchez-sánchez, Ana Maria Gallardo, Leonor Gallardo, Jorge García-unanue, Pascal Hexaire, José Luis FelipeAbstract:Abstract The aim of this research was to determine the influence of the structural components, the mechanical wear and the environmental conditions on the mechanical behaviour of third generation Artificial Turf football fields. Twenty-three football specimens of Artificial Turf were evaluated according to the standards of quality established by the FIFA Quality Programme for football Turf (laboratory test). Mechanical properties were analysed according to moisture, temperature and wear conditions. The structural variables used were: carpet mass sample (g/m2), pile weight (g/m2), tuft m2 sample (tuft/m2), pile length sample (mm), pile yarn dtex sample (g/10,000 m), infill bulk density sample (g/cm3), stabilizing bulk density sample (g/cm3), incorporation of elastic layer. Temperature, in opposite of wear conditions, did not significantly alter the mechanical behaviour of the surface, although humidity reduced the absorption capacity of the Artificial Turf within the regulatory limits. The characteristics of the structural components can explain up to 78.1% of the variance in the mechanical behaviour of the surface. Therefore, the control and maintenance of the structural components is necessary for guaranteeing a safe and functional mechanical behaviour of the Artificial Turf surface.
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Determination of mechanical properties of Artificial Turf football pitches according to structural components
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Javier Sánchez-sánchez, Ana Maria Gallardo, José Luis Felipe, Pascal Haxaire, Jorge García Unanue, Leonor GallardoAbstract:Structural components of Artificial Turf football pitches have been improved in the last decade. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of structural components on the in situ mechanica...
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Physical and Physiological Responses of Amateur Football Players on Third-Generation Artificial Turf Systems During Simulated Game Situations.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2016Co-Authors: Javier Sánchez-sánchez, Pablo Burillo, José Luis Felipe, Jorge García-unanue, Pedro Jiménez-reyes, David Viejo-romero, Maite Gómez-lópez, Enrique Hernando, Leonor GallardoAbstract:: Sanchez-Sanchez, J, Garcia-Unanue, J, Felipe, JL, Jimenez-Reyes, P, Viejo-Romero, D, Gomez-Lopez, M, Hernando, E, Burillo, P, and Gallardo, L. Physical and physiological responses of amateur football players on third generation Artificial Turf systems during simulated game situations. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3165-3177, 2016-The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical and physiological load imposed on amateur football players in a simulated game situation on different Artificial Turf systems. For that purpose, 20 football players (21.65 ± 3.10 year old) were monitored with Global Positioning Systems and heart rate bands during 45-minutes games on 4 selected Artificial Turf systems. The results show more covered distance in high-intensity ranges on the system with lower levels of damping and higher rates of rotational traction (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, this system of Artificial Turf demonstrated a high number of sprints (12.65 ± 5.67) and more elevated maximum speed peaks during the last part of the game (28.16 ± 2.90 km·h) in contrast to the systems with better damping capacity (p ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, the physiological load was similar across the 4 Artificial Turf systems (p > 0.05). Finally, the regression analysis demonstrated a significant influence of the mechanical properties of the surface on global distance (15.4%), number (12.6%), and maximum speed (16.6%) of the sprints. To conclude, the mechanical variability of the Artificial Turf systems resulted in differences in the activity profiles and the players' perceptions during simulated football games.
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influence of the mechanical properties of third generation Artificial Turf systems on soccer players physiological and physical performance and their perceptions
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Javier Sanchezsanchez, Ana Maria Gallardo, Pablo Burillo, José Luis Felipe, Jorge Garciaunanue, Pedro Jimenezreyes, Leonor GallardoAbstract:The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the mechanical properties of Artificial Turf systems on soccer players’ performance. A battery of perceptive physiological and physical tests were developed on four different structural systems of Artificial Turf (System 1: Compacted gravel sub-base without elastic layer; System 2: Compacted gravel sub-base with elastic layer; System 3: Asphalt sub-base without elastic layer; System 4: Asphalt sub-base with elastic layer). The sample was composed of 18 soccer players (22.4461.72 years) who typically train and compete on Artificial Turf. The Artificial Turf system with less rotational traction (S3) showed higher total time in the Repeated Sprint Ability test in comparison to the systems with intermediate values (49.4661.75 s vs 47.5561.82 s (S1) and 47.8561.59 s (S2); p,0.001). The performance in jumping tests (countermovement jump and squat jump) and ball kicking to goal decreased after the RSA test in all surfaces assessed (p,0.05), since the Artificial Turf system did not affect performance deterioration (p.0.05). The physiological load was similar in all four Artificial Turf systems. However, players felt more comfortable on the harder and more rigid system (S4; visual analogue scale = 70.83614.28) than on the softer Artificial Turf system (S2; visual analogue scale = 54.24619.63). The lineal regression analysis revealed a significant influence of the mechanical properties of the surface of 16.5%, 15.8% and 7.1% on the mean time of the sprint, the best sprint time and the maximum mean speed in the RSA test respectively. Results suggest a mechanical heterogeneity between the systems of Artificial Turf which generate differences in the physical performance and in the soccer players’ perceptions.
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effect of the structural components of support on the loss of mechanical properties of football fields of Artificial Turf
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Javier Sanchezsanchez, Pablo Burillo, José Luis Felipe, Julio Del Corral, Leonor GallardoAbstract:Football fields of Artificial Turf are in constant evolution. The resulting improvements have given rise to a large diversity of structural components. There are various types of infill and fibre for Artificial Turf and different designs and materials for the support structure (sub-base and elastic layer). The design of the sub-base and the presence or absence of the elastic layer can influence Turf performance and the surface's useful lifetime. The aim of this study was to assess in situ the effect of the various support structures on the mechanical properties of Artificial Turf after deterioration caused by wear for a year. The assessed properties were force reduction (%), standard vertical deformation (mm), rotational trac- tion (Nm), vertical ball rebound (%), and ball roll (m), according to the requirements in norm EN 15330-1:2007. The results demonstrate the effect of the structural base on the mechanical and functional performance of football fields of Artificial Turf, as well as the significant deterioration of the properties over a year which varied between 3.14% and 8.92% with regard to the installed system. These results show that the support structure that provides the greatest durability and adequate behaviour of the mechanical properties over time is that which has a sub-base of compacted gravel under an elastic layer.
Gertjan Ettema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biomechanical analysis of traction at the shoe-surface interface on third-generation Artificial Turf
Sports Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: David Mcghie, Gertjan EttemaAbstract:The existing knowledge of traction on Artificial Turf is based almost exclusively on mechanical devices. While most attention has traditionally been concentrated on rotational traction, sports such as soccer predominantly involve translational movements. The aim of the study was to investigate whether translational traction at the shoe-surface interface differed between various third-generation Artificial Turf systems in combination with different cleat configurations in vivo. Twenty-two male soccer players performed five short sprints with a 90° cut over a Turf-covered force plate for each combination of three Turf systems and three cleat configurations. The results showed that, despite various differences in other traction measures, traction coefficients were almost identical across Turf systems and cleat configurations.
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biomechanical analysis of surface athlete impacts on third generation Artificial Turf
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: David Mcghie, Gertjan EttemaAbstract:Background:Excessive repetitive loads are widely believed to be the cause of overload or overuse injuries. On third-generation Artificial Turf, impacts have been found to vary with surface and shoe properties. Mechanical devices are considered not representative for measuring impact absorption during athletic movements, and pressure insoles have been shown as inaccurate with regard to magnitude of force.Purpose:To compare impact properties between different third-generation Artificial Turf systems in combination with various cleat configurations in vivo using force plate technology.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Twenty-two male soccer players (mean ± SD: age, 23.1 ± 2.8 y; height, 1.81 ± 0.1 m; body mass, 77.5 ± 6.0 kg) performed 10 short sprints, 5 straight with a sudden stop and 5 with a 90° cut, over a force plate covered with Artificial Turf for each combination of 3 Turf systems and 3 cleat configurations.Results:During stop sprints, peak impact was significantly higher on a recreat...
