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Anoop Misra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of oral cinnamon intervention on metabolic profile and body composition of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome a randomized double blind control trial
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2017
    Co-Authors: Sonal Jain, Seema Gulati, Anoop Misra, Seema Puri, Kalaivani Mani
    Abstract:

    Nutritional modulation remains central to the management of metabolic syndrome. Intervention with cinnamon in individuals with metabolic syndrome remains sparsely researched. We investigated the effect of oral cinnamon consumption on body composition and metabolic parameters of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome. In this 16-week double blind randomized control trial, 116 individuals with metabolic syndrome were randomized to two dietary intervention groups, cinnamon [6 capsules (3 g) daily] or wheat flour [6 capsules (2.5 g) daily]. Body composition, blood pressure and metabolic parameters were assessed. Significantly greater decrease [difference between means, (95% CI)] in fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) [0.3 (0.2, 0.5) p = 0.001], glycosylated haemoglobin (mmol/mol) [2.6 (0.4, 4.9) p = 0.023], waist circumference (cm) [4.8 (1.9, 7.7) p = 0.002] and body mass index (kg/m2 ) [1.3 (0.9, 1.5) p = 0.001] was observed in the cinnamon group compared to placebo group. Other parameters which showed significantly greater improvement were: waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Prevalence of defined metabolic syndrome was significantly reduced in the intervention group (34.5%) vs. the placebo group (5.2%). A single supplement intervention with 3 g cinnamon for 16 weeks resulted in significant improvements in all components of metabolic syndrome in a sample of Asian Indians in north India. The clinical trial was retrospectively registered (after the recruitment of the participants) in ClinicalTrial.gov under the identification number: NCT02455778 on 25th May 2015.

  • A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of high Protein Complete (lActo) VEgetaRian (PACER) diet in non-diabetic obese Asian Indians in North India
    Elsevier, 2017
    Co-Authors: Swati Bhardwaj, Shajith Anoop, Seema Gulati, Anoop Misra, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Ravindra Mohan Pandey
    Abstract:

    In view of the increasing prevalence of obesity in largely vegetarian Asian Indians, it is important to research a high protein, low carbohydrate vegetarian diet. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of a “High Protein Complete (lacto) VEgetaRian Diet (Acronym; ‘PACER diet’), on weight, body composition and metabolic profiles in non-diabetic obese Asian Indians living in north India. In this 8-week randomized control trial, 102 vegetarian subjects with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 were randomized to either a test diet (PACER diet; high protein, high fat and moderately low carbohydrate, lacto-vegetarian diet) or control diet (standard vegetarian diet formulated as the dietary guidelines for Asian Indians) after 4 weeks of diet and exercise run-in period. A standard exercise protocol was followed for both groups. Body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin and lipid profile were assessed before and after the intervention. There was significant weight loss along with improvements in cardio-metabolic risk factors among both the groups post intervention. Percent reductions in the intervention group for weight (6.1± 2.9; p < 0.001), WC (3.9 ± 1.7; p < 0.001), FPG (5.9 ± 3.2; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (10.2 ± 6.3: p < 0.001), serum triacylglycerol (13.6 ± 10.6; p < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.9 ± 7.1; p < 0.001]) were significantly greater than the control diet group. In summary, intervention with a PACER diet (high protein, high fat and moderately low carbohydrate, lacto-vegetarian diet) showed significant improvement in weight loss, body composition and cardio-metabolic profile as compared to a standard vegetarian diet among obese Asian Indians in north India

  • effect of heating reheating of fats oils as used by Asian Indians on trans fatty acid formation
    Food Chemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Swati Bhardwaj, Anoop Misra, R M Pandey, Santosh Jain Passi, K K Pant, Khalid Anwar, Vikas Kardam
    Abstract:

    Heating/frying and reuse of edible fats/oils induces chemical changes such as formation of trans fatty acids (TFAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heating/frying on formation of TFAs in fats/oils. Using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector, TFA was estimated in six commonly used fat/oils in India (refined soybean oil, groundnut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, clarified butter, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil), before and after subjecting them to heating/frying at 180°C and 220°C. All six fats/oils subjected to heating/frying demonstrated an increase in TFAs (p<0.001), saturated fatty acids (p<0.001) and decrease in cis-unsaturated fatty acids (p<0.001). The absolute increase in TFA content of edible oils (after subjecting to heating/reheating) ranged between 2.30±0.89g/100g and 4.5±1.43g/100g; amongst edible fats it ranged between 2.60±0.38g/100g and 5.96±1.94g/100g. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups (heating and frying; p=0.892). Considering the undesirable health effects of TFA, appropriate guidelines for heating/re-frying of edible fats/oils by Asian Indians should be devised.

  • body fat patterning hepatic fat and pancreatic volume of non obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes in north india a case control study
    PLOS ONE, 2015
    Co-Authors: Anoop Misra, Shajith Anoop, Seema Gulati, Surya P Bhatt, Kalaivani Mani, Ravindra Mohan Pandey
    Abstract:

    Objective To evaluate body fat patterning and phenotype including hepatic fat and pancreatic volume of non-obese (BMI: < 25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes residing in North India. Methods Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 93) and non-obese, normo-glycemic subjects (n = 40) were recruited. BMI, waist & hip circumferences, skinfold thickness at 8 sites, body fat, lean mass and detailed abdominal fat evaluation [total abdominal fat, total subcutaneous fat (superficial, deep, anterior, and posterior), total intra-abdominal fat (intra-peritoneal, retroperitoneal)], liver span, grades of fatty liver and pancreatic volume were compared. Results Waist circumference, subscapular skinfolds and total truncal fat (on DEXA) were higher whereas calf, total peripheral skinfolds and total leg fat (on DEXA) lower in patients. Specifically, the following volumes were higher in cases as compared to controls; total abdominal fat (19.4%), total intra-abdominal fat (49.7%), intra-peritoneal fat (47.7%), retroperitoneal fat (70.7%), pancreatic volume (26.6%), pancreatic volume index (21.3%) and liver span (10.8%). In cases, significant positive correlations were observed for pancreatic volume with BMI, waist and hip circumferences, W-HR, subscapular, abdominal and total truncal skinfolds, truncal, total subcutaneous, total intra-abdominal, intra-peritoneal, retroperitoneal fat depots, liver span and fatty liver. Conclusions In non-obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous and intra-abdominal obesity, including fatty liver, and pancreatic volume were higher and peripheral subcutaneous adiposity was lower than BMI matched non-diabetic subjects. Importantly, increased pancreatic volume in patients was highly correlated with multiple measures of abdominal obesity and liver fat.

  • Phenotype, Body Composition, and Prediction Equations (Indian Fatty Liver Index) for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-Diabetic Asian Indians: A Case-Control Study
    2015
    Co-Authors: Surya Prakash Bhatt, Anoop Misra, Priyanka Nigam, Randeep Guleria, M Qadar A Pasha
    Abstract:

    ObjectiveIn this study, we have attempted comparison of detailed body composition phenotype of Asian Indians with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) vs. those without, in a case controlled manner. We also aim to analyse prediction equations for NAFLD for non-diabetic Asian Indians, and compare performance of these with published prediction equations researched from other populations.MethodsIn this case-control study, 162 cases and 173 age-and sex-matched controls were recruited. Clinical, anthropometric, metabolic, and body composition profiles, and liver ultrasound were done. Fasting insulin levels, value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were evaluated. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were used to arrive at prediction equations for fatty liver [Indian fatty liver index (IFLI)].ResultsAs compared to those without fatty liver, those with fatty liver exhibited the following; Excess dorsocervical fat (‘Buffalo hump’), skin tags, xanthelasma, ‘double chin’, arcus; excess total, abdominal and subcutaneous adiposity, and high blood pressure, blood glucose, measures of insulin resistance (fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values), lipids and hs-CRP levels. Two prediction equations were developed; Clinical [Indian Fatty Liver Index-Clinical; IFLI-C]: 1(double chin) +15.5 (systolic blood pressure) +13.8 (buffalo hump); and IFLI-Clinical and Biochemical (CB): serum triglycerides+12 (insulin)+1(systolic blood pressure) +18 (buffalo hump). On ROC Curve analysis, IFLI performed better than all published prediction equations, except one.ConclusionNon-diabetic Asian Indians with NAFLD researched by us were overweight/obese, had excess abdominal and subcutaneous fat, multiple other phenotypic markers, had higher insulin resistance, glycemia, dyslipidemia and subclinical inflammation than those without. Prediction score developed by us for NAFLD; IFLI-C and IFLI-CB, should be useful for clinicians and researchers.

Naval K Vikram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • association of inflammatory genes in obstructive sleep apnea and non alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indians residing in north india
    PLOS ONE, 2018
    Co-Authors: Surya P Bhatt, Randeep Guleria, Naval K Vikram, S Vivekanandhan, Yogendra Singh, Arjun Gupta
    Abstract:

    Background Previous studies have indicated that variants of the high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL)-6 and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes are associated with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but not in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indians. The study was conducted to investigate the association of CRP rs1130864 (1444C/T), IL-6 rs1800795 (-174G/C) and LEPR rs1137101 (Q223R) genes with OSA and NAFLD in Asian Indians residing in North India. Methods 240 overweight/ obese subjects [body mass index (BMI>23kg/m2)], 124 with OSA and with NAFLD (group 1), 47 with OSA without NAFLD (group 2), 44 without OSA and with NAFLD (group 3) and 25 without OSA and without NAFLD (group 4) were recruited in this study. The severity of NAFLD was based on abdomen liver ultrasound and of OSA on overnight polysomnography. Clinical details, anthropometry profile, body composition, biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers were measured. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism of CRP, IL-6 and LEPR gene was performed. The associations of these polymorphisms with clinical, anthropometric and biochemical profiles were investigated. The genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. Results The C, T and R alleles of IL-6, CRP and LEPR genes was more frequent in OSA and NAFLD subjects and significantly correlated with higher protein levels. The prevalence of variant genotypes C/T of CRP, G/C of IL-6 and Q/R of LEPR genes was significantly higher in OSA subjects as compared to non OSA subjects. Further, C/C genotype of IL-6 (G/C), T/T of CRP (C/T) and RR genotype of LEPR (Q/R) was associated with significantly higher BMI, fat mass (kg), % body fat, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphate, aspartate transaminase and fasting insulin levels in OSA and NAFLD subjects. Using a multivariate analysis, the combined effect of three polymorphisms of CRP, IL-6 and LEPR gene variants on OSA and NAFLD risk was evaluated. Odds ratio for OSA and NAFLD with the combination of the three gene polymorphisms increased to 2.84 (95% CI: 1.08–6.54; p = 0.04) even when adjusted for sex, age and BMI. Conclusion Polymorphisms of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were associated with increased risk of OSA and NAFLD in Asian Indians.

  • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis independent of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians
    Atherosclerosis, 2012
    Co-Authors: Manik Lal Thakur, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Surya P Bhatt, Randeep Guleria, Kalpana Luthra, Sanjay Sharma, A Kumar, Naval K Vikram
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective We examined the association of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indians. Methods This study included 40 non-diabetic subjects with NAFLD and 40 apparently healthy controls without NAFLD with similar age, gender and body mass index. Measurements included anthropometric parameters, oral glucose tolerance test, fasting and 2 h insulin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, sICAM-1, VCAM-1, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD). Results Subjects with NAFLD had higher average and maximum CIMT (0.6 ± 0.12 and 0.684 ± 0.16 mm, respectively, vs 0.489 ± 0.1 and 0.523 ± 0.1 mm, respectively; p p Conclusion In Asian Indians NAFLD is significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction independent of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Elevated levels of hs-CRP and sICAM-1 may be useful as indicators of liver injury in NAFLD.

  • consensus physical activity guidelines for Asian Indians
    Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Arup Kumar Misra, Priyanka Nigam, Naval K Vikram, Andrew P Hills, Davinder Singh Chadha, K K Deepak, Shilpa Joshi, A Chauhan, Kumud Khanna, Rajni Sharma
    Abstract:

    Abstract India is currently undergoing rapid economic, demographic, and lifestyle transformations. A key feature of the latter transformation has been inappropriate and inadequate diets and decreases in physical activity. Data from various parts of India have shown a steady increase in the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the metabolic syndrome, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), etc., frequently in association with overweight or obesity. Comparative data show that Asian Indians are more sedentary than white CaucAsians. In this review, the Consensus Group considered the available physical activity guidelines from international and Indian studies and formulated India-specific guidelines. A total of 60 min of physical activity is recommended every day for healthy Asian Indians in view of the high predisposition to develop T2DM and CHD. This should include at least 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 15 min of work-related activity, and 15 ...

  • high prevalence of abdominal intra abdominal and subcutaneous adiposity and clustering of risk factors among urban Asian Indians in north india
    PLOS ONE, 2011
    Co-Authors: Swati Bhardwaj, Anoop Misra, Surya P Bhatt, Naval K Vikram, Ranjita Misra, Kashish Goel, Kavita Rastogi, Seema Gulati
    Abstract:

    Objective To assess the prevalence of abdominal obesity including intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adiposity along with other cardiometabolic risk factors in urban Asian Indians living in New Delhi.

  • associations of 308g a polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor tnf α gene and serum tnf α levels with measures of obesity intra abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance in Asian Indians in north india
    Disease Markers, 2011
    Co-Authors: Naval K Vikram, Anoop Misra, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Surya P Bhatt, Kalpana Luthra, Bharat Bhushan, Pawan Poddar, Randeep Guleria
    Abstract:

    Objectives: Obesity is associated with high levels proinflammatory cytokines like tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which may play an important role in the genesis of insulin resistance. We evaluated the relationship of −308G/A polymorphism of TNF-α gene with obesity and insulin resistance in Asian Indians in north India. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 151 apparently healthy individuals (79 males, 72 females) 18–50 yrs of age from New Delhi, India. Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and abdominal fat by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were measured. Biochemical measurements included OGTT, lipids, fasting insulin, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels. We analysed −308G/A polymorphism of TNF-α gene and studied its association with obesity and biochemical parameters. Results: At comparable BMI, abdominal obesity was more prevalent in females (50%) as compared to males (20%). The wild genotype (GG) was present in 78.8%, GA in 17.9%, and AA in 3.3% subjects. Measures of body composition, abdominal fat distribution, lipids, insulin, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels were not influenced by the presence of −308G/A polymorphism. Serum TNF-α levels correlated significantly with fasting insulin in both genders. Conclusion: TNF-α levels correlate with fasting insulin but not with indicators of body composition in Asian Indians. The −308G/A polymorphism of TNF-α gene is not associated with differences in the serum levels of TNF-α in Asian Indians.

Surya P Bhatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • association of inflammatory genes in obstructive sleep apnea and non alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indians residing in north india
    PLOS ONE, 2018
    Co-Authors: Surya P Bhatt, Randeep Guleria, Naval K Vikram, S Vivekanandhan, Yogendra Singh, Arjun Gupta
    Abstract:

    Background Previous studies have indicated that variants of the high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL)-6 and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes are associated with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but not in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indians. The study was conducted to investigate the association of CRP rs1130864 (1444C/T), IL-6 rs1800795 (-174G/C) and LEPR rs1137101 (Q223R) genes with OSA and NAFLD in Asian Indians residing in North India. Methods 240 overweight/ obese subjects [body mass index (BMI>23kg/m2)], 124 with OSA and with NAFLD (group 1), 47 with OSA without NAFLD (group 2), 44 without OSA and with NAFLD (group 3) and 25 without OSA and without NAFLD (group 4) were recruited in this study. The severity of NAFLD was based on abdomen liver ultrasound and of OSA on overnight polysomnography. Clinical details, anthropometry profile, body composition, biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers were measured. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism of CRP, IL-6 and LEPR gene was performed. The associations of these polymorphisms with clinical, anthropometric and biochemical profiles were investigated. The genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. Results The C, T and R alleles of IL-6, CRP and LEPR genes was more frequent in OSA and NAFLD subjects and significantly correlated with higher protein levels. The prevalence of variant genotypes C/T of CRP, G/C of IL-6 and Q/R of LEPR genes was significantly higher in OSA subjects as compared to non OSA subjects. Further, C/C genotype of IL-6 (G/C), T/T of CRP (C/T) and RR genotype of LEPR (Q/R) was associated with significantly higher BMI, fat mass (kg), % body fat, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphate, aspartate transaminase and fasting insulin levels in OSA and NAFLD subjects. Using a multivariate analysis, the combined effect of three polymorphisms of CRP, IL-6 and LEPR gene variants on OSA and NAFLD risk was evaluated. Odds ratio for OSA and NAFLD with the combination of the three gene polymorphisms increased to 2.84 (95% CI: 1.08–6.54; p = 0.04) even when adjusted for sex, age and BMI. Conclusion Polymorphisms of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were associated with increased risk of OSA and NAFLD in Asian Indians.

  • body fat patterning hepatic fat and pancreatic volume of non obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes in north india a case control study
    PLOS ONE, 2015
    Co-Authors: Anoop Misra, Shajith Anoop, Seema Gulati, Surya P Bhatt, Kalaivani Mani, Ravindra Mohan Pandey
    Abstract:

    Objective To evaluate body fat patterning and phenotype including hepatic fat and pancreatic volume of non-obese (BMI: < 25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes residing in North India. Methods Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 93) and non-obese, normo-glycemic subjects (n = 40) were recruited. BMI, waist & hip circumferences, skinfold thickness at 8 sites, body fat, lean mass and detailed abdominal fat evaluation [total abdominal fat, total subcutaneous fat (superficial, deep, anterior, and posterior), total intra-abdominal fat (intra-peritoneal, retroperitoneal)], liver span, grades of fatty liver and pancreatic volume were compared. Results Waist circumference, subscapular skinfolds and total truncal fat (on DEXA) were higher whereas calf, total peripheral skinfolds and total leg fat (on DEXA) lower in patients. Specifically, the following volumes were higher in cases as compared to controls; total abdominal fat (19.4%), total intra-abdominal fat (49.7%), intra-peritoneal fat (47.7%), retroperitoneal fat (70.7%), pancreatic volume (26.6%), pancreatic volume index (21.3%) and liver span (10.8%). In cases, significant positive correlations were observed for pancreatic volume with BMI, waist and hip circumferences, W-HR, subscapular, abdominal and total truncal skinfolds, truncal, total subcutaneous, total intra-abdominal, intra-peritoneal, retroperitoneal fat depots, liver span and fatty liver. Conclusions In non-obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous and intra-abdominal obesity, including fatty liver, and pancreatic volume were higher and peripheral subcutaneous adiposity was lower than BMI matched non-diabetic subjects. Importantly, increased pancreatic volume in patients was highly correlated with multiple measures of abdominal obesity and liver fat.

  • effects of pistachio nuts on body composition metabolic inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome a 24 wk randomized control trial
    Nutrition, 2014
    Co-Authors: Seema Gulati, Anoop Misra, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Surya P Bhatt, Shelza Saluja
    Abstract:

    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pistachio nuts as an adjunct to diet and exercise on body composition, metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this 24-wk randomized control trial, 60 individuals with the metabolic syndrome were randomized to either pistachio (intervention group) or control group (diet as per weight and physical activity profile, modulated according to dietary guidelines for Asian Indians) after 3 wk of a diet and exercise run in. In the first group, unsalted pistachios (20% energy) were given daily. A standard diet and exercise protocol was followed for both groups. Body weight, waist circumference (WC), magnetic resonance imaging estimation of intraabdominal adipose tissue and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, free fatty acids (FFAs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- a, leptin, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Statistically significant improvement in mean values for various parameters in the intervention group compared with control group were as follows: WC (P < 0.02), FBG (P < 0.04), total cholesterol (P < 0.02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.006), hs-CRP (P < 0.05), TNF-a (P < 0.03), FFAs (P < 0.001), TBARS (P < 0.01), and adiponectin levels (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A single food intervention with pistachios leads to beneficial effects on the cardiometabolic profile of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome.

  • independent associations of low 25 hydroxy vitamin d and high parathyroid hormonal levels with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indians residing in north india
    Atherosclerosis, 2013
    Co-Authors: Anoop Misra, Surya P Bhatt, Priyanka Nigam, Randeep Guleria, M Qadar A Pasha
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective We analysed the associations of 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and body composition parameters in Asian Indians with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods In this case–control study, 162 cases and 173 age and sex matched controls were recruited. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical parameters and liver ultrasound were done. Percentage body fat (%BF), lean body mass and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fasting insulin levels, value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum 25(OH) D, calcium and PTH levels were measured. Results Subjects with NAFLD had lower serum 25(OH) D (19.4 ± 8.5 vs. 27.8 ± 9.4 ng/ml, p  = 0.0001) and higher serum PTH (54.9 ± 19.5 vs. 41.5 ± 18.3 pg/ml, p  = 0.0001) levels as compared to controls. We observed significantly high values of systolic blood pressure ( p  = 0.002), waist circumference ( p  = 0.05), serum triglycerides ( p  = 0.002), total cholesterol ( p  = 0.002), alanine transaminase ( p  = 0.05), fasting insulin ( p  = 0.02) and HOMA-IR ( p  = 0.03) in the lowest 25(OH) D quartile. Multivariable-logistic regression showed that low serum 25(OH) D [OR (95%CI): 4.46 (2.58–7.72), p  = 0.0001] and high PTH [OR (95%CI): 2.21 (1.50–3.30), p  = 0.0001] level were independently associated with NAFLD. Conclusion Low serum 25(OH) D and high PTH levels were independently associated with the presence of NAFLD in Asian Indians residing in north India.

  • non alcoholic fatty liver disease is closely associated with sub clinical inflammation a case control study on Asian Indians in north india
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Priyanka Nigam, Anoop Misra, Surya P Bhatt, M Vaidya, Jharna Dasgupta, Davinder Singh Chadha
    Abstract:

    Objectives Association between sub-clinical inflammation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been studied in Asian Indians. In this case-control study, we aimed to analyse association of NAFLD with the sub-clinical inflammation and metabolic profile in Asian Indians in north India. Methods Ultrasound diagnosed 120 cases of NAFLD were compared to 152 healthy controls without NAFLD. Anthropometric profile [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC)], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), metabolic profile [fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile] and hepatic function tests [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] were recorded. Results Metabolic parameters [FBG, total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c)], hs-CRP and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome were higher in cases as compared to controls (p-value<0.05 for all). The median (range) of hs-CRP (mg/L) for cases [2.6(0.2–13.4)] were significantly higher than in controls [1.4(0.03–11.4), p = 0.01]. Similarly, higher values of hs-CRP were obtained when subgroups of cases with obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome were compared to controls [2.75 (0.03–14.3) vs. 1.52 (0.04–14.3), p = 0.0010; 2.8 (0.03–14.3) vs. 1.5 (0.06–14.3), p = 0.0014 and 2.7 (0.5–14.3) vs. 1.6 (0.06–8.5), p = 0.0013, respectively. On multivariate logistic regression analysis BMI (p = 0.001), WC (p = 0.001), FBG (p = 0.002), TC (p = 0.008), TG (p = 0.002), blood pressure (p = 0.005), metabolic syndrome (p = 0.001) and hs-CRP (p = 0.003) were significantly and independently associated with NAFLD. After adjusting for significant variables, the association between high hs-CRP and NAFLD remained large and statistically significant [adjusted OR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.29]. An increase in 1 mg/dl of hs-CRP level calculated to increase the risk of developing NAFLD by 1.7 times as compared to controls after adjusting for significant variables associated with NAFLD. Conclusions In this cohort of Asian Indians in North India, presence of NAFLD showed independent relationships with sub-clinical inflammation.

Viswanathan Mohan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • association of vitamin d receptor taqi bsmi and foki polymorphisms with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians
    Journal of Diabetology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Visvanathan Gnanaprakash, Viswanathan Mohan, Dhanasekaran Bodhini, Sekar Kanthimathi, Kumaradas Ginivenisha, C S Shanthirani, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Venkatesan Radha
    Abstract:

    Background: Vitamin D deficiency is known to be involved in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the functions of Vitamin D are mediated through Vitamin D receptor (VDR). Only a few reports are available in the Asian Indian population highlighting the role of VDR polymorphism in diabetes. We aimed to investigate the association of VDR gene polymorphisms (TaqI, BsmI and FokI) with prediabetes (PD) and T2D and their relationship with anthropometric and biochemical parameters in Asian Indians. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 454 participants including 147 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 145 with PD, and 162 with T2D were enrolled in this study. Genetic variants of the VDR were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Anthropometric measurements were done in all participants. Results: The most common genotypes for TaqI, BsmI, and FokI were TC, GA, and CC, respectively. The allele distribution of TaqI differed significantly when compared between NGT and T2D group. A significant protection was shown against T2 in VDR TaqI genotypes after adjusting for age, gender, and Body Mass Index. The levels of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, fasting insulin, and the waist-hip ratio were significantly higher in TT genotype when compared with TC + CC genotype of TaqI polymorphism in NGT. In PD group, the levels of serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in AA genotype when compared with GA + GG genotype in BsmI polymorphism. Conclusions: The study indicates VDR TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms seem to influence anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and in particular, VDR TaqI polymorphism offers protection against T2D in Asian Indians.

  • association of serum vitamin d levels and diabetic retinopathy in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2018
    Co-Authors: Beteal Ashinne, Viswanathan Mohan, K Venkat M Narayan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Ramachandran Rajalakshmi, Ramamoorthy Jayashri, Andrew Hendrick
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a condition that has been associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in various populations, but has not been studied in Asian Indians. Aims To evaluate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with presence and severity of DR among Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes. Methods We collected information on individuals with type 2 diabetes that received care at a tertiary diabetes centre in India, between 2012 and 2015. Patients were 18 years of age or older, underwent retinal examinations with DR severity grading and had serum 25(OH)D measurements. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in patients with retinopathy compared to those without (11.9 ± 2.2 ng/ml vs. 13.7 ± 2.1 ng/ml, p  Conclusions In Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes, lower serum 25(OH)D was associated with increased severity of DR and the presence of VDD was associated with a two-fold increased risk for proliferative DR.

  • cashew nut consumption increases hdl cholesterol and reduces systolic blood pressure in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes a 12 week randomized controlled trial
    Journal of Nutrition, 2018
    Co-Authors: Viswanathan Mohan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Donna Spiegelman, Rajagopal Gayathri, Nagarajan Lakshmipriya, Lindsay M Jaacks, Raman Ganesh Jeevan, Kandappa K Balasubramaniam, Shanmugam Shobana, Mathialagan Jayanthan
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that nut consumption decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there are few data on the health effects of cashew nuts among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the effects of cashew nut supplementation on glycemia, body weight, blood pressure, and lipid profile in Asian Indians with T2DM. METHODS: In a parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial, 300 adults with T2DM [mean ± SD age: 51 ± 9.3 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 26.0 ± 3.4; 55% male] were randomly assigned to receive advice to follow a standard diabetic diet (control) or similar advice plus 30 g cashew nuts/d (intervention) for 12 wk. The macronutrient composition of the prescribed diabetic diet was 60-65% energy from carbohydrates, 15-25% from fat, and the rest from protein. Differences between groups in changes in anthropometric and biochemical variables were analyzed using linear models with robust variance estimation under an assumed independence working correlation. RESULTS: Participants in the intervention group had a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 12 wk than did controls (-4.9 ± 13.7 compared with -1.7 ± 11.6 mm Hg; P = 0.04) and a greater increase in plasma HDL cholesterol compared with controls (+1.7 ± 5.6 compared with +0.1 ± 4.6 mg/dL; P = 0.01). There were no differences between the groups with respect to changes in body weight, BMI, blood lipid, and glycemic variables. Plasma oleic acid concentrations and self-reported dietary intake of nuts, oleic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids suggested excellent compliance with the nut consumption. CONCLUSION: Cashew nut supplementation in Asian Indians with T2DM reduced systolic blood pressure and increased HDL cholesterol concentrations with no deleterious effects on body weight, glycemia, or other lipid variables. This study was registered at the clinical trial registry of India as CTRI/2017/07/009022.

  • comparing type 2 diabetes prediabetes and their associated risk factors in Asian Indians in india and in the u s the carrs and masala studies
    Diabetes Care, 2015
    Co-Authors: Unjali P Gujral, Mohammed K Ali, Viswanathan Mohan, K Venkat M Narayan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Namratha R Kandula, Ghua R Pradeepa, Mohan Deepa, Alka M Kanaya
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and the associated risk factors in two Asian Indian populations living in different environments. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed cross-sectional analyses, using representative samples of 2,305 Asian Indians aged 40–84 years living in Chennai, India, from the Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia study (CARRS) (2010–2011), and 757 Asian Indians aged 40–84 years living in the greater San Francisco and Chicago areas from the U.S. Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (2010–2013). Diabetes was defined as self-reported use of glucose-lowering medication, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or 2-h glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dL and/or 2-h glucose 140–199 mg/dL. RESULTS Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was higher in India (38% [95% CI 36–40]) than in the U.S. (24% [95% CI 21–27]). Age-adjusted prediabetes prevalence was lower in India (24% [95% CI 22–26]) than in the U.S. (33% [95% CI 30–36]). After adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure, living in the U.S. was associated with an increased odds for prediabetes (odds ratio 1.2 [95% CI 0.9–1.5]) and a decreased odds for diabetes (odds ratio 0.5 [95% CI 0.4–0.6]). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate possible changes in the relationship between migration and diabetes risk and highlight the growing burden of disease in urban India. Additionally, these results call for longitudinal studies to better identify the gene-environment-lifestyle exposures that underlie the elevated risk for type 2 diabetes development in Asian Indians.

  • effect of brown rice white rice and brown rice with legumes on blood glucose and insulin responses in overweight Asian Indians a randomized controlled trial
    Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Viswanathan Mohan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Donna Spiegelman, Vasudevan Sudha, Rajagopal Gayathri, Biling Hong, Kallingal Praseena, Nicole M Wedick, Kokila Arumugam, Vasanti S Malik
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background: Improving the carbohydrate quality of the diet by replacing the common cereal staple white rice (WR) with brown rice (BR) could have beneficial effects on reducing the risk for diabetes and related complications. Hence we aimed to compare the effects of BR, WR, and BR with legumes (BRL) diets on 24-h glycemic and insulinemic responses among overweight Asian Indians. Subjects and Methods: Fifteen overweight (body mass index, ≥23 kg/m2) Asian Indians without diabetes who were 25–45 years old participated in a randomized crossover study. Test meals (nonisocaloric, ad libitum) were identical except for the type of rice and the addition of legumes (50 g/day) and were provided for 5 consecutive days. Glucose profiles were assessed using the Medtronic MiniMed (Northridge, CA) iPro™2 continuous glucose monitoring device. The mean positive change from baseline glucose concentration was calculated as the daily incremental area under the curve (IAUC) on each test day for 5 days and averaged. Fas...

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  • A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of high Protein Complete (lActo) VEgetaRian (PACER) diet in non-diabetic obese Asian Indians in North India
    Elsevier, 2017
    Co-Authors: Swati Bhardwaj, Shajith Anoop, Seema Gulati, Anoop Misra, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Ravindra Mohan Pandey
    Abstract:

    In view of the increasing prevalence of obesity in largely vegetarian Asian Indians, it is important to research a high protein, low carbohydrate vegetarian diet. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of a “High Protein Complete (lacto) VEgetaRian Diet (Acronym; ‘PACER diet’), on weight, body composition and metabolic profiles in non-diabetic obese Asian Indians living in north India. In this 8-week randomized control trial, 102 vegetarian subjects with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 were randomized to either a test diet (PACER diet; high protein, high fat and moderately low carbohydrate, lacto-vegetarian diet) or control diet (standard vegetarian diet formulated as the dietary guidelines for Asian Indians) after 4 weeks of diet and exercise run-in period. A standard exercise protocol was followed for both groups. Body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin and lipid profile were assessed before and after the intervention. There was significant weight loss along with improvements in cardio-metabolic risk factors among both the groups post intervention. Percent reductions in the intervention group for weight (6.1± 2.9; p < 0.001), WC (3.9 ± 1.7; p < 0.001), FPG (5.9 ± 3.2; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (10.2 ± 6.3: p < 0.001), serum triacylglycerol (13.6 ± 10.6; p < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.9 ± 7.1; p < 0.001]) were significantly greater than the control diet group. In summary, intervention with a PACER diet (high protein, high fat and moderately low carbohydrate, lacto-vegetarian diet) showed significant improvement in weight loss, body composition and cardio-metabolic profile as compared to a standard vegetarian diet among obese Asian Indians in north India

  • body fat patterning hepatic fat and pancreatic volume of non obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes in north india a case control study
    PLOS ONE, 2015
    Co-Authors: Anoop Misra, Shajith Anoop, Seema Gulati, Surya P Bhatt, Kalaivani Mani, Ravindra Mohan Pandey
    Abstract:

    Objective To evaluate body fat patterning and phenotype including hepatic fat and pancreatic volume of non-obese (BMI: < 25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes residing in North India. Methods Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 93) and non-obese, normo-glycemic subjects (n = 40) were recruited. BMI, waist & hip circumferences, skinfold thickness at 8 sites, body fat, lean mass and detailed abdominal fat evaluation [total abdominal fat, total subcutaneous fat (superficial, deep, anterior, and posterior), total intra-abdominal fat (intra-peritoneal, retroperitoneal)], liver span, grades of fatty liver and pancreatic volume were compared. Results Waist circumference, subscapular skinfolds and total truncal fat (on DEXA) were higher whereas calf, total peripheral skinfolds and total leg fat (on DEXA) lower in patients. Specifically, the following volumes were higher in cases as compared to controls; total abdominal fat (19.4%), total intra-abdominal fat (49.7%), intra-peritoneal fat (47.7%), retroperitoneal fat (70.7%), pancreatic volume (26.6%), pancreatic volume index (21.3%) and liver span (10.8%). In cases, significant positive correlations were observed for pancreatic volume with BMI, waist and hip circumferences, W-HR, subscapular, abdominal and total truncal skinfolds, truncal, total subcutaneous, total intra-abdominal, intra-peritoneal, retroperitoneal fat depots, liver span and fatty liver. Conclusions In non-obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous and intra-abdominal obesity, including fatty liver, and pancreatic volume were higher and peripheral subcutaneous adiposity was lower than BMI matched non-diabetic subjects. Importantly, increased pancreatic volume in patients was highly correlated with multiple measures of abdominal obesity and liver fat.

  • effects of pistachio nuts on body composition metabolic inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome a 24 wk randomized control trial
    Nutrition, 2014
    Co-Authors: Seema Gulati, Anoop Misra, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Surya P Bhatt, Shelza Saluja
    Abstract:

    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pistachio nuts as an adjunct to diet and exercise on body composition, metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this 24-wk randomized control trial, 60 individuals with the metabolic syndrome were randomized to either pistachio (intervention group) or control group (diet as per weight and physical activity profile, modulated according to dietary guidelines for Asian Indians) after 3 wk of a diet and exercise run in. In the first group, unsalted pistachios (20% energy) were given daily. A standard diet and exercise protocol was followed for both groups. Body weight, waist circumference (WC), magnetic resonance imaging estimation of intraabdominal adipose tissue and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, free fatty acids (FFAs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- a, leptin, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Statistically significant improvement in mean values for various parameters in the intervention group compared with control group were as follows: WC (P < 0.02), FBG (P < 0.04), total cholesterol (P < 0.02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.006), hs-CRP (P < 0.05), TNF-a (P < 0.03), FFAs (P < 0.001), TBARS (P < 0.01), and adiponectin levels (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A single food intervention with pistachios leads to beneficial effects on the cardiometabolic profile of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome.

  • genetic variation in the patatin like phospholipase domain containing protein 3 pnpla 3 gene in Asian Indians with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2013
    Co-Authors: Surya Prakash Bhatt, Anoop Misra, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Priyanka Nigam, Randeep Guleria, M Qadar A Pasha
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background: The association of the rs738409 polymorphism of patatin-like phospholipase-3 (PNPLA3) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been suggested in other populations, but not in Asian Indians. We investigated the association of the rs738409 polymorphism of PNPLA3 with clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical profiles in Asian Indians with NAFLD. Methods: In this case–control study, 162 cases and 173 controls were recruited. Abdominal ultrasound, clinical, anthropometry, and biochemical profiles were determined. Fasting insulin levels and values for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene were performed. The associations of this polymorphism with clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical profiles were investigated. Results: A higher frequency of C/G and G/G genotypes of the rs738409 polymorphism was obtained in cases as compared to controls (P=0.04), an...

  • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis independent of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians
    Atherosclerosis, 2012
    Co-Authors: Manik Lal Thakur, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Surya P Bhatt, Randeep Guleria, Kalpana Luthra, Sanjay Sharma, A Kumar, Naval K Vikram
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective We examined the association of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indians. Methods This study included 40 non-diabetic subjects with NAFLD and 40 apparently healthy controls without NAFLD with similar age, gender and body mass index. Measurements included anthropometric parameters, oral glucose tolerance test, fasting and 2 h insulin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, sICAM-1, VCAM-1, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD). Results Subjects with NAFLD had higher average and maximum CIMT (0.6 ± 0.12 and 0.684 ± 0.16 mm, respectively, vs 0.489 ± 0.1 and 0.523 ± 0.1 mm, respectively; p p Conclusion In Asian Indians NAFLD is significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction independent of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Elevated levels of hs-CRP and sICAM-1 may be useful as indicators of liver injury in NAFLD.

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