The Experts below are selected from a list of 25572 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gjalt Huppes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of bioethanol from sugarcane in brazil
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: Ester Van Der Voet, Gjalt HuppesAbstract:Brazil has always been the pioneer in the application of bioethanol as a main fuel for automobiles, hence environmental and economic analyses of the Brazilian ethanol industries are of crucial importance. This study presents a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) on gasoline and ethanol as fuels, and with two types of blends of gasoline with bioethanol, all used in a midsize car. The focus is on a main application in Brazil, sugarcane based ethanol. The results of two cases are presented: base case--bioethanol production from sugarcane and electricity generation from bagasse; future case--bioethanol production from both sugarcane and bagasse and electricity generation from wastes. In both cases sugar is co-produced. The life cycles of fuels include gasoline production, agricultural production of sugarcane, ethanol production, sugar and electricity co-production, blending ethanol with gasoline to produce E10 (10% of ethanol) and E85 (85%), and finally the use of gasoline, E10, E85 and pure ethanol. Furthermore, a life cycle costing (LCC) was conducted to give an indication on fuel economy in both cases. The results show that in the base case less GHG is emitted; while the overall evaluation of these fuel options depends on the importance attached to different impacts. The future case is certainly more economically attractive, which has been the driving force for development in the ethanol industry in Brazil. Nevertheless, the outcomes depend very much on the Assumed Price for crude oil. In LCC a steady-state cost model was used and only the production cost was taken into account. In the real market the Prices of fuels are very much dependent on the taxes and subsidies. Technological development can help in lowering both the environmental impact and the Prices of the ethanol fuels.
Ester Van Der Voet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of bioethanol from sugarcane in brazil
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: Ester Van Der Voet, Gjalt HuppesAbstract:Brazil has always been the pioneer in the application of bioethanol as a main fuel for automobiles, hence environmental and economic analyses of the Brazilian ethanol industries are of crucial importance. This study presents a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) on gasoline and ethanol as fuels, and with two types of blends of gasoline with bioethanol, all used in a midsize car. The focus is on a main application in Brazil, sugarcane based ethanol. The results of two cases are presented: base case--bioethanol production from sugarcane and electricity generation from bagasse; future case--bioethanol production from both sugarcane and bagasse and electricity generation from wastes. In both cases sugar is co-produced. The life cycles of fuels include gasoline production, agricultural production of sugarcane, ethanol production, sugar and electricity co-production, blending ethanol with gasoline to produce E10 (10% of ethanol) and E85 (85%), and finally the use of gasoline, E10, E85 and pure ethanol. Furthermore, a life cycle costing (LCC) was conducted to give an indication on fuel economy in both cases. The results show that in the base case less GHG is emitted; while the overall evaluation of these fuel options depends on the importance attached to different impacts. The future case is certainly more economically attractive, which has been the driving force for development in the ethanol industry in Brazil. Nevertheless, the outcomes depend very much on the Assumed Price for crude oil. In LCC a steady-state cost model was used and only the production cost was taken into account. In the real market the Prices of fuels are very much dependent on the taxes and subsidies. Technological development can help in lowering both the environmental impact and the Prices of the ethanol fuels.
Mark M Wrigh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimating profitability of two biochar production scenarios slow pyrolysis vs fast pyrolysis
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2011Co-Authors: Mark M WrighAbstract:We estimate the profitability of producing biochar from crop residue (corn stover) for two scenarios. The first employs slow pyrolysis to generate biochar and pyrolysis gas and has the advantage of high yields of char (as much as 40 wt-%) but the disadvantage of producing a relatively low-value energy product (pyrolysis gas of modest heating value). The second scenario employs fast pyrolysis to maximize production of bio-oil with biochar and pyrolysis gas as lower-yielding coproducts. The fast pyrolysis scenario produces a substantially higher value energy product than slow pyrolysis but at the cost of higher capital investment. We calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) for each scenario as functions of cost of feedstock and projected revenues for the pyrolysis facility. The Assumed Price range for delivered biomass feedstock is $0 to $83 per metric ton. The Assumed carbon offset value for biochar ranges from $20 per metric ton of biochar in 2015 to $60 in 2030. The slow pyrolysis scenario in 2015 is not profitable at an Assumed feedstock cost of $83 per metric ton. The fast pyrolysis scenario in 2015 yields 15% IRR with the same feedstock cost because gasoline refined from the bio-oil provides revenues of $2.96 per gallon gasoline equivalent. By 2030, the value of biochar as a carbon offset is projected to increase to $60 per metric ton and the Price of gasoline is expected to reach $3.70 per gallon, which would provide investors with an IRR of 26%. © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Van R. Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is Price a Signal of Service Quality? Challenging Conventional Wisdom in the Health Care Industry
Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 1997Co-Authors: Nancy Ryan Mcclure, Pamela Kiecker, Van R. WoodAbstract:ABSTRACT A survey of 133 patients/consumers is used to assess their (1) level of satisfaction with health care treatment and (2) evaluation of physician performance across a variety of health care coverage options, ranging from entitlements to traditional indemnity health care plans. Following conventional wisdom, the research hypothesizes a positive relationship between the amount of out-of-pocket expenses to the patient/consumer (Price) and both satisfaction and performance appraisals (quality). The results, however, show the opposite to be true. Findings indicate that the Assumed Price-quality relation-ship may not hold for health care. Patients/consumers don't necessarily feel that they only “get what they pay for” in terms of the quality of health care treatment and physician providers.
Nancy Ryan Mcclure - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is Price a Signal of Service Quality? Challenging Conventional Wisdom in the Health Care Industry
Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 1997Co-Authors: Nancy Ryan Mcclure, Pamela Kiecker, Van R. WoodAbstract:ABSTRACT A survey of 133 patients/consumers is used to assess their (1) level of satisfaction with health care treatment and (2) evaluation of physician performance across a variety of health care coverage options, ranging from entitlements to traditional indemnity health care plans. Following conventional wisdom, the research hypothesizes a positive relationship between the amount of out-of-pocket expenses to the patient/consumer (Price) and both satisfaction and performance appraisals (quality). The results, however, show the opposite to be true. Findings indicate that the Assumed Price-quality relation-ship may not hold for health care. Patients/consumers don't necessarily feel that they only “get what they pay for” in terms of the quality of health care treatment and physician providers.
