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Joseph Biederman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis lifespan comorbidities and neurobiology
Ambulatory Pediatrics, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas J. Spencer, Joseph Biederman, Eric MickAbstract:In this report, we provide an evidence-based overview of Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including diagnosis, prevalence, developmental expression of symptoms, persistence, the heterogeneity of functional outcome, impairment in afflicted adults, psychiatric comorbidity, pathophysiology, genetics, psychosocial and biologic risk factors, and neurobiology. Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder is an early-onset, highly prevalent neurobehavioral disorder, with genetic, environmental, and biologic etiologies, that persists into adolescence and adulthood in a sizable majority of afflicted children of both sexes. It is characterized by behavioral symptoms of inAttention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity across the life cycle and is associated with considerable morbidity and disability. Comorbidity is a distinct clinical feature of both childhood and adult ADHD. Although its etiology remains unclear, emerging evidence documents its strong neurobiologic and genetic underpinnings. Despite the high diagnostic reliability and the robust evidence of the validity of ADHD, there are many underlying issues that remain to be resolved. These include establishing developmentally appropriate diagnostic criteria at older ages, further elaborating the impact of gender on symptom expression, and examining risk and protective factors in relationship to prevention or amelioration of ADHD as well as related functional impairments.
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Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder a selective overview
Biological Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Joseph BiedermanAbstract:Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial and clinically heterogeneous disorder that is associated with tremendous financial burden, stress to families, and adverse academic and vocational outcomes. Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder is highly prevalent in children worldwide, and the prevalence of this disorder in adults is increasingly recognized. Studies of adults with a diagnosis of childhood-onset ADHD indicate that clinical correlates--demographic, psychosocial, psychiatric, and cognitive features--mirror findings among children with ADHD. Predictors of persistence of ADHD include family history of the disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, and psychosocial adversity. Family studies of ADHD have consistently supported its strong familial nature. Psychiatric disorders comorbid with childhood ADHD include oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, whereas mood and anxiety disorders are comorbid with ADHD in both children and adults. Pregnancy and delivery complications, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and adverse family environment variables are considered important risk factors for ADHD. The etiology of ADHD has not been clearly identified, although evidence supports neurobiologic and genetic origins. Structural and functional imaging studies suggest that dysfunction in the fronto-subcortical pathways, as well as imbalances in the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, contribute to the pathophysiology of ADHD. Medication with dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity seems to reduce ADHD symptoms by blocking dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake. Such alterations in dopaminergic and noradrenergic function are apparently necessary for the clinical efficacy of pharmacologic treatments of ADHD.
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efficacy of adderall for Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder a meta analysis
Journal of Attention Disorders, 2002Co-Authors: Stephen V. Faraone, Joseph BiedermanAbstract:Stimulant medication has, for many years, been the pharmacological treatment of choice for children and adults with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Several studies have shown Adde...
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Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan
Annual Review of Medicine, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy E. Wilens, Joseph Biederman, Thomas J. SpencerAbstract:Attention Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder presenting for treatment in youth. ADHD is often chronic with prominent symptoms and impairment spanning into adulthood. ADHD is often associated with co-occurring anxiety, mood, and disruptive disorders, as well as substance abuse. The diagnosis of ADHD by careful review of symptoms and impairment is both reliable and valid. Recent genetic, imaging, neurochemistry, and neuropsychological data support the biological underpinning of the disorder. All aspects of an individual's life must be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. Pharmacotherapy, including stimulants, antidepressants, and antihypertensives, plays a fundamental role in the management of ADHD across the lifespan.
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growth Deficits in children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder
Pediatrics, 1998Co-Authors: Thomas J. Spencer, Joseph Biederman, Timothy E. WilensAbstract:Stimulant-associated growth Deficits in children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have long been a concern. Height Deficits in preadolescence have been reported, but adult heights have been reported to be uncompromised. It is possible that the catch-up growth that occurs is related to ADHD-associated delayed maturation and not to the cessation of stimulant treatment. To date, no consistent neurohormonal pathophysiology to explain stimulant-associated height Deficits has been identified nor have the initial associations of height and weight Deficits been replicated. Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with dysregulation of several neurotransmitter systems, especially the catecholamines, that may alter neuroendocrine function and lead to growth delays. The literature on neuroendocrine aspects of growth and treatment in ADHD and on growth in boys with ADHD who are treated with psychotropics is reviewed, and the results of a controlled study in 124 boys with ADHD are presented. Small but significant differences in height were found between children with and without ADHD. However, the height Deficits were evident in early, but not late, adolescence and were not related to the use of psychotropic medications. There was no evidence of weight Deficits in children with ADHD relative to control subjects and no relationship between measures of malnutrition and short stature was found. These findings suggest that ADHD may be associated with temporary Deficits in height gain through midadolescence that may normalize by late adolescence. This effect appears to be mediated by ADHD and not by its treatment.
Lenard A Adler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on sleep in adults with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder
Behavioral and Brain Functions, 2009Co-Authors: Lenard A Adler, Richard H Weisler, Mohamed Hamdani, David W Goodman, Thomas RothAbstract:Background Sleep problems are common in adults with Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) on sleep quality in adults with ADHD.
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assessing Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults focus on rating scales
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Kevin R Murphy, Lenard A AdlerAbstract:The diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults can be a challenging process because it includes making judgments based on clinical interviews, rating scale results, informant ratings, and objective supporting evidence. The patient evaluation should gather information on the severity and frequency of symptoms, the establishment of childhood onset of symptoms, the chronicity and pervasiveness of symptoms, and the impact of symptoms on major life activities. Some of the rating scales being used in the adult population are the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales, the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale for Adults, the Wender Utah Rating Scale, the ADHD Rating Scale and ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Current Symptoms Scale, and the recently-developed Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-v 1.1 Symptom Checklist. More research is needed to establish the usefulness of self-administered rating scales compared with investigator-administered scales in the assessment and diagnosis of adult ADHD.
Johan Vande Walle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the prevalence of Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis a 4 year followup study
The Journal of Urology, 2007Co-Authors: Herbert Roeyers, Dieter Baeyens, Sofie Van Erdeghem, Piet Hoebeke, Johan Vande WalleAbstract:Purpose: The prevalence of Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder was increased in a predominantly nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis population reported on previously. At 2 years after onset of treatment for enuresis Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder seemed to be a risk factor for continuing enuresis. In the current 4-year followup study we sought to determine whether the original Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder diagnosis could be reconfirmed, thereby reflecting the presence of a psychiatric syndrome rather than a coping behavior to deal with the negative consequences of enuresis. An additional study goal was to investigate the evolution in enuresis status in children with and without Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder.Materials and Methods: A total of 79 children diagnosed with enuresis in the baseline study took part in a 3rd screening for Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder. A diagnostic interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Parent Edition) was administe...
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Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with nocturnal enuresis
The Journal of Urology, 2004Co-Authors: Dieter Baeyens, Herbert Roeyers, Piet Hoebeke, Sylvie Verte, Eline Van Hoecke, Johan Vande WalleAbstract:ABSTRACTPurpose:: Although the relationship between enuresis and psychopathology has been studied intensively, little is known about the prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders. We investigate the prevalence of Attention Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with nocturnal enuresis and correlate these data with clinical subtypes of enuresis/incontinence.Materials and Methods:: A total of 120 children with nocturnal enuresis 6 to 12 years old participated in a prevalence study. A diagnostic interview was conducted with parents, questionnaires were completed by parents and teachers, and medical files were consulted.Results:: Of all enuretic children 15% were diagnosed with the full syndrome of ADHD and 22.5% met the criteria of the ADHD inattentive subtype. Data revealed that the older the children (9 to 12 years), the higher prevalence of Attention Deficit disorder or ADHD. Nocturnal polyuria had a significantly higher incidence in hyperactive/impulsive children but there was no significan...
Dieter Baeyens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the prevalence of Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis a 4 year followup study
The Journal of Urology, 2007Co-Authors: Herbert Roeyers, Dieter Baeyens, Sofie Van Erdeghem, Piet Hoebeke, Johan Vande WalleAbstract:Purpose: The prevalence of Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder was increased in a predominantly nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis population reported on previously. At 2 years after onset of treatment for enuresis Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder seemed to be a risk factor for continuing enuresis. In the current 4-year followup study we sought to determine whether the original Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder diagnosis could be reconfirmed, thereby reflecting the presence of a psychiatric syndrome rather than a coping behavior to deal with the negative consequences of enuresis. An additional study goal was to investigate the evolution in enuresis status in children with and without Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder.Materials and Methods: A total of 79 children diagnosed with enuresis in the baseline study took part in a 3rd screening for Attention Deficit-hyperactivity disorder. A diagnostic interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Parent Edition) was administe...
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Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with nocturnal enuresis
The Journal of Urology, 2004Co-Authors: Dieter Baeyens, Herbert Roeyers, Piet Hoebeke, Sylvie Verte, Eline Van Hoecke, Johan Vande WalleAbstract:ABSTRACTPurpose:: Although the relationship between enuresis and psychopathology has been studied intensively, little is known about the prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders. We investigate the prevalence of Attention Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with nocturnal enuresis and correlate these data with clinical subtypes of enuresis/incontinence.Materials and Methods:: A total of 120 children with nocturnal enuresis 6 to 12 years old participated in a prevalence study. A diagnostic interview was conducted with parents, questionnaires were completed by parents and teachers, and medical files were consulted.Results:: Of all enuretic children 15% were diagnosed with the full syndrome of ADHD and 22.5% met the criteria of the ADHD inattentive subtype. Data revealed that the older the children (9 to 12 years), the higher prevalence of Attention Deficit disorder or ADHD. Nocturnal polyuria had a significantly higher incidence in hyperactive/impulsive children but there was no significan...
Stephen V. Faraone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetics of Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder
Molecular Psychiatry, 2019Co-Authors: Stephen V. Faraone, Henrik LarssonAbstract:Decades of research show that genes play an vital role in the etiology of Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbidity with other disorders. Family, twin, and adoption studies show that ADHD runs in families. ADHD’s high heritability of 74% motivated the search for ADHD susceptibility genes. Genetic linkage studies show that the effects of DNA risk variants on ADHD must, individually, be very small. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated several genetic loci at the genome-wide level of statistical significance. These studies also show that about a third of ADHD’s heritability is due to a polygenic component comprising many common variants each having small effects. From studies of copy number variants we have also learned that the rare insertions or deletions account for part of ADHD’s heritability. These findings have implicated new biological pathways that may eventually have implications for treatment development.
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efficacy of adderall for Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder a meta analysis
Journal of Attention Disorders, 2002Co-Authors: Stephen V. Faraone, Joseph BiedermanAbstract:Stimulant medication has, for many years, been the pharmacological treatment of choice for children and adults with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Several studies have shown Adde...
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patterns of psychiatric comorbidity cognition and psychosocial functioning in adults with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1993Co-Authors: Joseph Biederman, Timothy E. Wilens, Thomas J. Spencer, Stephen V. Faraone, Dennis K Norman, Kathleen A Lapey, Eric Mick, Belinda Krifcher Lehman, Alysa E DoyleAbstract:OBJECTIVE Although Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common disorder of childhood, its status as a disorder in adults is not clear. The authors reasoned that if the adult diagnosis of the disorder is a valid clinical entity, it should be similar to the childhood disorder with regard to patterns of psychiatric and cognitive findings. METHODS Eighty-four adults with a clinical diagnosis of childhood-onset Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder confirmed by structured interview who were referred for treatment were studied. Findings were compared with those from a preexisting study group of referred children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder, nonreferred adult relatives of those children who also had Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder, and adults without the disorder who were relatives of normal children. Subjects were evaluated with a comprehensive battery of psychiatric, cognitive, and psychosocial assessments. RESULTS The referred and nonreferred adults with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder were similar to one another but more disturbed and impaired than the comparison subjects without the disorder. The pattern of psychopathology, cognition, and functioning among the adults with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder approximated the findings for children with the disorder. CONCLUSIONS These results show that referred and nonreferred adults with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder have a pattern of demographic, psychosocial, psychiatric, and cognitive features that mirrors well-documented findings among children with the disorder. These findings further support the validity of the diagnosis for adults.
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evidence for the independent familial transmission of Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities results from a family genetic study
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1993Co-Authors: Stephen V. Faraone, Joseph Biederman, Dennis K Norman, Belinda Krifcher Lehman, Kate Keenan, Larry J Seidman, Roselyn Kolodny, Ilana Kraus, James M Perrin, Wei ChenAbstract:Objective The purpose of the study was to clarify the relationship between Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities. Method The authors assessed learning disabilities in a sample of 140 children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder and in 120 normal comparison children. They also assessed a sample of the probands' 822 first-degree relatives. Results The risk for learning disabilities was highest among relatives of probands with both Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities. The two disorders did not cosegregate in families. There was nonrandom mating between spouses with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities. Conclusions The two disorders are transmitted independently in families, and their co-occurrence may be due to nonrandom mating. Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder is likely to be etiologically independent from learning disabilities.
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further evidence for family genetic risk factors in Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives in psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples
Archives of General Psychiatry, 1992Co-Authors: Joseph Biederman, Stephen V. Faraone, Kate Keenan, Jonathan Benjamin, Belinda Krifcher, Cynthia Moore, Susan Sprichbuckminster, Karen Ugaglia, Michael S Jellinek, Ronald J SteingardAbstract:• We examined 140 probands with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder, 120 normal controls, and their 822 firstdegree relatives using "blind" raters and structured diagnostic interviews. Compared with controls, probands with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder were more likely to have conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders. Compared with relatives of controls, relatives of probands with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder had a higher risk for Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial disorders, major depressive disorder, substance dependence, and anxiety disorders. Patterns of comorbidity indicate that Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorders may share common familial vulnerabilities, that Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder plus conduct disorder may be a distinct subtype, and that Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders are transmitted independently in families. These results extend previous findings indicating family-genetic influences in Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder by using both pediatrically and psychiatrically referred proband samples. The distributions of comorbid illnesses in families provide further validation for subgrouping probands with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder by comorbidity.