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Rafael F Schafers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • diastolic blood pressure is an important determinant of Augmentation Index and pulse wave velocity in young healthy males
    Journal of Human Hypertension, 2003
    Co-Authors: Jens Nurnberger, Thomas Philipp, S Dammer, Opazo A Saez, Rafael F Schafers
    Abstract:

    Diastolic blood pressure is an important determinant of Augmentation Index and pulse wave velocity in young, healthy males

  • Augmentation Index is associated with cardiovascular risk
    Journal of Hypertension, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jens Nurnberger, Ayten Kefliogluscheiber, Anabelle Opazo Saez, Rene R Wenzel, Thomas Philipp, Rafael F Schafers
    Abstract:

    Objectives Augmentation Index is a parameter measured by pulse wave analysis (PWA) and is used as a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to assess whether Augmentation Index is associated with cardiovascular risk, as well as to evaluate whether the determinants of Augmentation Index are different in patients with cardiovascular disease compared to healthy subjects. Design and methods We related Augmentation Index to risk scores in 216 subjects with or without a cardiovascular disease. Subjects without cardiovascular disease were classified according to the ‘coronary risk chart’ of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and those with cardiovascular disease were classified using the SMART (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease) score and the EPOZ (Epidemiological Prevention study Of Zoetermeer) function. Augmentation Index was derived by PWA using carotid applanation tonometry. Augmentation Index was also correlated to age, blood pressure, heart rate, smoking history, cholesterol, height, body mass Index and gender in subjects categorized as healthy or with cardiovascular disease. Results Augmentation Index significantly increased with increasing risk scores (P < 0.0001) and was significantly correlated to cardiovascular risk (ESC: P < 0.0001; SMART: P < 0.0001; EPOZ: P < 0.0001). In subjects with and without cardiovascular disease, Augmentation Index was correlated with diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, height and gender. Age was found to be significantly correlated with Augmentation Index only in healthy subjects but not in those with atherosclerotic disease. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Augmentation Index may be a useful marker of cardiovascular risk. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between age and Augmentation Index in subjects with

Jens Nurnberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • diastolic blood pressure is an important determinant of Augmentation Index and pulse wave velocity in young healthy males
    Journal of Human Hypertension, 2003
    Co-Authors: Jens Nurnberger, Thomas Philipp, S Dammer, Opazo A Saez, Rafael F Schafers
    Abstract:

    Diastolic blood pressure is an important determinant of Augmentation Index and pulse wave velocity in young, healthy males

  • Augmentation Index is associated with cardiovascular risk
    Journal of Hypertension, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jens Nurnberger, Ayten Kefliogluscheiber, Anabelle Opazo Saez, Rene R Wenzel, Thomas Philipp, Rafael F Schafers
    Abstract:

    Objectives Augmentation Index is a parameter measured by pulse wave analysis (PWA) and is used as a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to assess whether Augmentation Index is associated with cardiovascular risk, as well as to evaluate whether the determinants of Augmentation Index are different in patients with cardiovascular disease compared to healthy subjects. Design and methods We related Augmentation Index to risk scores in 216 subjects with or without a cardiovascular disease. Subjects without cardiovascular disease were classified according to the ‘coronary risk chart’ of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and those with cardiovascular disease were classified using the SMART (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease) score and the EPOZ (Epidemiological Prevention study Of Zoetermeer) function. Augmentation Index was derived by PWA using carotid applanation tonometry. Augmentation Index was also correlated to age, blood pressure, heart rate, smoking history, cholesterol, height, body mass Index and gender in subjects categorized as healthy or with cardiovascular disease. Results Augmentation Index significantly increased with increasing risk scores (P < 0.0001) and was significantly correlated to cardiovascular risk (ESC: P < 0.0001; SMART: P < 0.0001; EPOZ: P < 0.0001). In subjects with and without cardiovascular disease, Augmentation Index was correlated with diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, height and gender. Age was found to be significantly correlated with Augmentation Index only in healthy subjects but not in those with atherosclerotic disease. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Augmentation Index may be a useful marker of cardiovascular risk. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between age and Augmentation Index in subjects with

Ian B Wilkinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • endothelial function is associated with pulse pressure pulse wave velocity and Augmentation Index in healthy humans
    Hypertension, 2006
    Co-Authors: Carmel M Mceniery, John R Cockcroft, Sharon Wallace, Isla S Mackenzie, Barry J Mcdonnell, David E Newby, Ian B Wilkinson
    Abstract:

    Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of mortality and is regulated by a number of factors, including vascular smooth muscle tone. However, the relationship between endothelial function and definitive measures of arterial stiffness and wave reflections has not been described in healthy individuals. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial function is inversely correlated with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), central pulse pressure, and Augmentation Index in healthy individuals. Peripheral and central pulse pressure and Augmentation Index were determined at rest, and global endothelial function was measured using pulse wave analysis and administration of sublingual nitroglycerin and inhaled albuterol. Aortic PWV was also determined at baseline in a subset of 89 subjects. In a separate group of subjects (n=89), aortic PWV was measured and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation assessed as a measure of conduit artery endothelial function. Global endothelial function was significantly and inversely correlated with aortic PWV (r=-0.69; P<0.001), Augmentation Index (r=-0.59; P<0.001), and central (r=-0.34; P<0.001) and peripheral pulse pressure (r=-0.15; P=0.03). Moreover, there was a stronger correlation between central rather than peripheral pulse pressure. After adjusting for potential confounders, global endothelial function remained independently and inversely associated with aortic PWV and Augmentation Index. There was also a significant, inverse relationship between conduit artery endothelial function and aortic PWV (r=0.39, P<0.001), which remained independent after adjusting for confounding factors. In healthy individuals, a decline in endothelial function is associated with increased large artery stiffness, wave reflections, and central pulse pressure.

  • Endothelial Function Is Associated With Pulse Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Augmentation Index in Healthy Humans
    Hypertension, 2006
    Co-Authors: Carmel M Mceniery, John R Cockcroft, Isla S Mackenzie, Barry J Mcdonnell, David E Newby, Sharon M.l. Wallace, Yasmin, Ian B Wilkinson
    Abstract:

    Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of mortality and is regulated by a number of factors, including vascular smooth muscle tone. However, the relationship between endothelial function and definitive measures of arterial stiffness and wave reflections has not been described in healthy individuals. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial function is inversely correlated with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), central pulse pressure, and Augmentation Index in healthy individuals. Peripheral and central pulse pressure and Augmentation Index were determined at rest, and global endothelial function was measured using pulse wave analysis and administration of sublingual nitroglycerin and inhaled albuterol. Aortic PWV was also determined at baseline in a subset of 89 subjects. In a separate group of subjects (n=89), aortic PWV was measured and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation assessed as a measure of conduit artery endothelial function. Global endothelial function was significantly and inversely correlated with aortic PWV (r=-0.69; P

  • increased central pulse pressure and Augmentation Index in subjects with hypercholesterolemia
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Ian B Wilkinson, Ian R Hall, David J Webb, K Prasad, Anne Gwenllian Thomas, Helen Maccallum, Michael P Frenneaux, J R Cockcroft
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between serum cholesterol, arterial stiffness and central blood pressure. Background Arterial stiffness and pulse pressure are important determinants of cardiovascular risk. However, the effect of hypercholesterolemia on arterial stiffness is controversial, and central pulse pressure has not been previously investigated. Methods Pressure waveforms were recorded from the radial artery in 68 subjects with hypercholesterolemia and 68 controls, and corresponding central waveforms were generated using pulse wave analysis. Central pressure, Augmentation Index (AIx) (a measure of systemic stiffness) and aortic pulse wave velocity were determined. Results There was no significant difference in peripheral blood pressure between the two groups, but central pulse pressure was significantly higher in the group with hypercholesterolemia (37 ± 11 mm Hg vs. 33 ± 10 mm Hg [means ± SD]; p = 0.028). Augmentation Index was also significantly higher in the patients with hypercholesterolemia group (24.8 ± 11.3% vs. 15.6 ± 12.1%; p Conclusions Patients with hypercholesterolemia have a higher central pulse pressure and stiffer blood vessels than matched controls, despite similar peripheral blood pressures. These hemodynamic changes may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with hypercholesterolemia, and assessment may improve risk stratification.

John R Cockcroft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ethnic differences in arterial wave reflections and normative equations for Augmentation Index
    Hypertension, 2011
    Co-Authors: Julio A Chirinos, Jan Kips, Mary J Roman, Josefina Medinalezama, Yan Li, Angela J Woodiwiss, Gavin R Norton, Luc M Van Bortel, Jiguang Wang, John R Cockcroft
    Abstract:

    Data regarding ethnic differences in wave reflections, which markedly affect the central pressure profile, are very limited. Furthermore, because age, heart rate, and body height are strong determinants of Augmentation Index, relating single measurements to normative data (in which Augmentation Index values correspond with average population values of its determinants) is challenging. We studied subject-level data from 10 550 adults enrolled in large population-based studies. In a healthy reference sample (n=3497), we assessed ethnic differences in Augmentation Index (ratio of second/first systolic peaks) and generated equations for adjusted z scores, allowing for a standardized comparison between individual Augmentation Index measurements and the normative population mean from subjects of the same age, sex, ethnic population, body height, and heart rate. After adjustment for age, body height, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure, African blacks (women: 154%; men: 138%) and Andean Hispanics (women: 152%; men: 133%) demonstrated higher central (aortic) Augmentation Index values than British whites (women: 140%; men: 128%), whereas American Indians (women: 133%; men: 122%) demonstrated lower Augmentation Index (all P z scores were successfully generated to adjust individual Augmentation Index values for age, body height, and heart rate. Marked ethnic differences in Augmentation Index exist, which may contribute to ethnic differences in hypertensive organ damage. Our study provides normative data that can be used to complement the interpretation of individual hemodynamic assessments among men and women of various ethnic populations, after removing the effect of various physiological determinants.

  • increased Augmentation Index in patients with cystic fibrosis
    European Respiratory Journal, 2009
    Co-Authors: James H. Hull, John R Cockcroft, Rachel Garrod, Timothy B.l. Ho, R.k. Knight, Dennis J. Shale, Charlotte E. Bolton
    Abstract:

    Increased large artery stiffness occurs in a range of inflammatory conditions indicating an ageing of the vasculature and additionally being an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. We determined large artery parameters in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).Clinically stable adult patients with CF, n=50, mean (SD) age 28.0 (8.2) years, and 26 age, gender and BMI matched controls were studied. Central aortic blood pressure, Augmentation Index (AIx) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) were determined using applanation tonometry. Lung function, diabetic status and CRP were also determined.Mean (SD) AIx was greater in patients, 8.5 (11.1) %, than controls, -1.8 (13.1) % (P<0.001), while PWV was similar. Although AIx was greatest in the sub-group with CF related diabetes (CFRD), it was also increased in the non-CFRD sub-group when compared with controls. In patients, AIx was related to log10CRP (r=0.33) and forced vital capacity (r= -0.34), both P<0.05, and CRP remained predictive in multiple regression.AIx is increased in adults with CF, in the presence of a normal blood pressure and independent of diabetic status. AIx was related to the systemic inflammatory status. These findings have implications for management and require further exploration so that cardiovascular health is maintained.

  • Increased Augmentation Index in patients with cystic fibrosis
    European Respiratory Journal, 2009
    Co-Authors: James H. Hull, John R Cockcroft, Rachel Garrod, Timothy B.l. Ho, R.k. Knight, Dennis J. Shale, Charlotte E. Bolton
    Abstract:

    Increased large artery stiffness occurs in a range of inflammatory conditions indicating an ageing of the vasculature and additionally being an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. We determined large artery parameters in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).Clinically stable adult patients with CF, n=50, mean (SD) age 28.0 (8.2) years, and 26 age, gender and BMI matched controls were studied. Central aortic blood pressure, Augmentation Index (AIx) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) were determined using applanation tonometry. Lung function, diabetic status and CRP were also determined.Mean (SD) AIx was greater in patients, 8.5 (11.1) %, than controls, -1.8 (13.1) % (P

  • endothelial function is associated with pulse pressure pulse wave velocity and Augmentation Index in healthy humans
    Hypertension, 2006
    Co-Authors: Carmel M Mceniery, John R Cockcroft, Sharon Wallace, Isla S Mackenzie, Barry J Mcdonnell, David E Newby, Ian B Wilkinson
    Abstract:

    Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of mortality and is regulated by a number of factors, including vascular smooth muscle tone. However, the relationship between endothelial function and definitive measures of arterial stiffness and wave reflections has not been described in healthy individuals. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial function is inversely correlated with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), central pulse pressure, and Augmentation Index in healthy individuals. Peripheral and central pulse pressure and Augmentation Index were determined at rest, and global endothelial function was measured using pulse wave analysis and administration of sublingual nitroglycerin and inhaled albuterol. Aortic PWV was also determined at baseline in a subset of 89 subjects. In a separate group of subjects (n=89), aortic PWV was measured and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation assessed as a measure of conduit artery endothelial function. Global endothelial function was significantly and inversely correlated with aortic PWV (r=-0.69; P<0.001), Augmentation Index (r=-0.59; P<0.001), and central (r=-0.34; P<0.001) and peripheral pulse pressure (r=-0.15; P=0.03). Moreover, there was a stronger correlation between central rather than peripheral pulse pressure. After adjusting for potential confounders, global endothelial function remained independently and inversely associated with aortic PWV and Augmentation Index. There was also a significant, inverse relationship between conduit artery endothelial function and aortic PWV (r=0.39, P<0.001), which remained independent after adjusting for confounding factors. In healthy individuals, a decline in endothelial function is associated with increased large artery stiffness, wave reflections, and central pulse pressure.

  • Endothelial Function Is Associated With Pulse Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Augmentation Index in Healthy Humans
    Hypertension, 2006
    Co-Authors: Carmel M Mceniery, John R Cockcroft, Isla S Mackenzie, Barry J Mcdonnell, David E Newby, Sharon M.l. Wallace, Yasmin, Ian B Wilkinson
    Abstract:

    Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of mortality and is regulated by a number of factors, including vascular smooth muscle tone. However, the relationship between endothelial function and definitive measures of arterial stiffness and wave reflections has not been described in healthy individuals. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial function is inversely correlated with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), central pulse pressure, and Augmentation Index in healthy individuals. Peripheral and central pulse pressure and Augmentation Index were determined at rest, and global endothelial function was measured using pulse wave analysis and administration of sublingual nitroglycerin and inhaled albuterol. Aortic PWV was also determined at baseline in a subset of 89 subjects. In a separate group of subjects (n=89), aortic PWV was measured and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation assessed as a measure of conduit artery endothelial function. Global endothelial function was significantly and inversely correlated with aortic PWV (r=-0.69; P

Philip Chowienczyk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • vasoactive drugs influence aortic Augmentation Index independently of pulse wave velocity in healthy men
    Hypertension, 2001
    Co-Authors: R P Kelly, Sandrine Millasseau, James M Ritter, Philip Chowienczyk
    Abstract:

    Abstract —Aortic Augmentation Index, a measure of central systolic blood pressure Augmentation arising mainly from pressure-wave reflection, increases with vascular aging. The Augmentation Index is influenced by aortic pulse-wave velocity (related to aortic stiffness) and by the site and extent of wave reflection. To clarify the relative influence of pulse-wave velocity and wave reflection on the Augmentation Index, we studied the association between Augmentation Index, pulse-wave velocity, and age and examined the effects of vasoactive drugs to determine whether altering vascular tone has differential effects on pulse-wave velocity and the Augmentation Index. We made simultaneous measurements of the Augmentation Index and carotid-to-femoral pulse-wave velocity in 50 asymptomatic men aged 19 to 74 years at baseline and, in a subset, during the administration of nitroglycerin, angiotensin II, and saline vehicle. The aortic Augmentation Index was obtained by radial tonometry (Sphygmocor device, PWV Medical) with the use of an inbuilt radial to aortic transfer function. In multiple regression analysis, the aortic Augmentation Index was independently correlated only with age ( R =0.58, P <0.0001). Nitroglycerin (3 to 300 μg/min IV) reduced the aortic Augmentation Index from 4.8±2.3% to −11.9±5.3% (n=10, P <0.002). Angiotensin II (75 to 300 ng/min IV) increased the aortic Augmentation Index from 9.3±2.4% to 18.3±2.9% (n=12, P <0.001). These drugs had small effects on aortic pulse-wave velocity, producing mean changes from baseline of <1 m/s (each P <0.05). In healthy men, vasoactive drugs may change aortic Augmentation Index independently from aortic pulse-wave velocity.

  • Vasoactive Drugs Influence Aortic Augmentation Index Independently of Pulse-Wave Velocity in Healthy Men
    Hypertension, 2001
    Co-Authors: R P Kelly, Sandrine Millasseau, James M Ritter, Philip Chowienczyk
    Abstract:

    Abstract —Aortic Augmentation Index, a measure of central systolic blood pressure Augmentation arising mainly from pressure-wave reflection, increases with vascular aging. The Augmentation Index is influenced by aortic pulse-wave velocity (related to aortic stiffness) and by the site and extent of wave reflection. To clarify the relative influence of pulse-wave velocity and wave reflection on the Augmentation Index, we studied the association between Augmentation Index, pulse-wave velocity, and age and examined the effects of vasoactive drugs to determine whether altering vascular tone has differential effects on pulse-wave velocity and the Augmentation Index. We made simultaneous measurements of the Augmentation Index and carotid-to-femoral pulse-wave velocity in 50 asymptomatic men aged 19 to 74 years at baseline and, in a subset, during the administration of nitroglycerin, angiotensin II, and saline vehicle. The aortic Augmentation Index was obtained by radial tonometry (Sphygmocor device, PWV Medical) with the use of an inbuilt radial to aortic transfer function. In multiple regression analysis, the aortic Augmentation Index was independently correlated only with age ( R =0.58, P