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Noelia Aldai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Differences in the trans-18:1 profile of the Backfat of feedlot steers fed wheat or corn based dried distillers’ grains
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Noelia Aldai, L J Walter, Jennifer L. Aalhus, Michael E R Dugan, Tim A. Mcallister, John J. MckinnonAbstract:Backfat composition was compared in steers fed either a control (barley grain based) diet or diets containing increasing levels of corn or wheat derived dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS; 20 g or 40 g/100 g of total mixed ration on a dry mater basis). Backfat total saturated fatty acids, other c,t-/c,c-/t,t-dienes, and conjugated linoleic acids, were unaffected by feeding DDGS. Monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in control steers while polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in Backfat from DDGS fed steers. Overall, Backfat from control and wheat derived DDGS fed steers had lower levels of trans-18:1 and consequently lower levels of individual trans-18:1 isomers and a higher 11t-/10t-ratio compared to Backfat from corn derived DDGS fed steers. This indicates that beef from cattle fed wheat derived DDGS had a fatty acid profile more favourable to human health than cattle fed corn DDGS.
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Dietary vitamin E inhibits the trans 10-18:1 shift in beef Backfat
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2010Co-Authors: Manuel Juárez, Noelia Aldai, Jennifer L. Aalhus, Michael E R Dugan, John A. Basarab, Vern S. Baron, Tim A. McallisterAbstract:Forty feedlot steers were fed a barley-grain-based finishing diet typical for western Canada, with two levels of supplementary vitamin E (468 or 1069 IU head-1 d-1) and the effect on Backfat trans-18:1 isomeric profile was determined. Feeding 1068 IU vitamin E reduced the total trans-18:1 content in Backfat (P
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Comparing Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Beef and Muskox with Emphasis on trans 18:1 and Conjugated Linoleic Acids
Lipids, 2007Co-Authors: Michael E R Dugan, Noelia Aldai, John K. G. Kramer, Wayne M. Robertson, William J. Meadus, David C. RollandAbstract:Muskox ( Ovibos moschatus ) are ruminant animals native to the far north and little is known about their fatty acid composition. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (Backfat) from 16 wild muskox was analyzed and compared to Backfat from 16 barley fed beef cattle. Muskox Backfat composition differed substantially from beef and the most striking difference was a high content of 18:0 (26.8 vs. 9.77%). This was accompanied by higher levels of most other saturated fatty acids except beef had more 16:0. Muskox Backfat also had a lower level of cis -18:1 and this was related to a lower expression of steroyl-CoA desaturase mRNA. Beef Backfat had a higher level of total trans -18:1 (4.25 vs. 2.67%). The most prominent trans -18:1 isomers in beef Backfat were 10 t -18:1 (2.13%) and 11 t -18:1 (0.77%) whereas the most prominent isomers in muskox Backfat were 11 t -18:1 (1.41%), 13 t /14 t - (0.27%) and 16 t -18:1 (0.23%). The total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content was higher in beef Backfat than muskox (0.67 vs. 0.50%) with 9 c ,11 t -18:2 as the most abundant CLA isomer. The second most abundant CLA isomer in beef Backfat was 7 t ,9 c -18:2 (0.10%) whereas in muskox it was 11 t 13 c -18:2 (0.04%). Muskox Backfat had a higher content of 18:3n-3 and its elongation and desaturation products 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio. Overall, the high forage diet of muskox seemed to produce a healthier fatty acid profile and highlighted the need to develop feeding strategies for intensively raising beef that will not negatively impacting fatty acid composition.
Padet Tummaruk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fat and whey supplementation influence milk composition, Backfat loss, and reproductive performance in lactating sows
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2014Co-Authors: Padet Tummaruk, Peerapong Sumransap, Nithitad JiebnaAbstract:This study investigates the effects of microencapsulated fat (FAT) and whey protein (WHEY) supplementation on the milk composition, Backfat loss, and reproductive performance in lactating sows. A total of 144 sows were divided according to their Backfat thickness at farrowing into three groups, i.e., low (12.0–16.5 mm, n = 33), moderate (17.0–21.5 mm, n = 78), and high (22.0–24.5 mm, n = 33). The lactation diet was divided into three types, i.e., a control diet (CONTROL, n = 50), a diet supplemented with FAT ( n = 48), and a diet supplemented with WHEY ( n = 50). Pooled milk samples were collected at the second and third week of lactation. On average, the sows lost Backfat 23.5 % during lactation. The Backfat loss during lactation was 24.5, 22.7, and 22.8 % in sows fed with CONTROL, FAT, and WHEY diets, respectively ( P > 0.05). Supplementation of FAT increased the percentage of fat in the sow’s milk compared to the CONTROL (9.1 and 8.4 %, P = 0.022). For sows with low Backfat, FAT and WHEY supplementation increased the average daily gain of piglets compared to the CONTROL (244, 236, and 205 g/days, respectively, P
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Fat and whey supplementation influence milk composition, Backfat loss, and reproductive performance in lactating sows
Tropical animal health and production, 2014Co-Authors: Padet Tummaruk, Peerapong Sumransap, Nithitad JiebnaAbstract:This study investigates the effects of microencapsulated fat (FAT) and whey protein (WHEY) supplementation on the milk composition, Backfat loss, and reproductive performance in lactating sows. A total of 144 sows were divided according to their Backfat thickness at farrowing into three groups, i.e., low (12.0–16.5 mm, n = 33), moderate (17.0–21.5 mm, n = 78), and high (22.0–24.5 mm, n = 33). The lactation diet was divided into three types, i.e., a control diet (CONTROL, n = 50), a diet supplemented with FAT (n = 48), and a diet supplemented with WHEY (n = 50). Pooled milk samples were collected at the second and third week of lactation. On average, the sows lost Backfat 23.5 % during lactation. The Backfat loss during lactation was 24.5, 22.7, and 22.8 % in sows fed with CONTROL, FAT, and WHEY diets, respectively (P > 0.05). Supplementation of FAT increased the percentage of fat in the sow’s milk compared to the CONTROL (9.1 and 8.4 %, P = 0.022). For sows with low Backfat, FAT and WHEY supplementation increased the average daily gain of piglets compared to the CONTROL (244, 236, and 205 g/days, respectively, P < 0.05). For sows with high Backfat, the sows receiving the CONTROL diet had a higher total piglet mortality than those that received FAT or WHEY (28.1, 14.1, and 13.0 %, respectively, P < 0.05). It could be concluded that supplementation of FAT in the diet of sow during lactation significantly enhanced the fat content in the sow’s milk, improved the piglet’s daily weight gain, and reduced piglet mortality.
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Importance of Backfat Thickness to Reproductive Performance in Female Pigs
Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Atthaporn Roongsitthichai, Padet TummarukAbstract:Backfat in pigs consists of water, collagen, and lipid. Apart from age, body weight, and number of estrus expression, Backfat thickness is one of the significant parameters to consider when selecting female pigs into breeding herds since it dominates a number of reproductive performances, e.g. puberty attainment, total piglets born (TB), and farrowing rate. Besides, Backfat is one of the significant sources of hormones related to puberty attainment, such as leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and progesterone (P4). Evaluation of Backfat thickness is majorly performed by an A-mode ultrasonography at P2 position; it provides more accurate body condition than visual scoring. High Backfat gilts attain puberty earlier than low Backfat gilts. Moreover, gilts with high Backfat thickness at insemination deliver one more piglet than low Backfat gilts. Furthermore, piglets born from high Backfat gilts have higher growth rate and weaning weight than those born from low Backfat gilts. Besides, removal opportunity is frequently found in low Backfat gilts since they produce very small litter size. During pregnancy and lactation periods, husbandmen should frequently monitor sows’ body weight to protect Backfat loss, especially in first and second parities. Lactating sows with high relative weight loss have considerably long weaning-to-service interval. To acquire decent reproductive performance of sow in higher parity, replacement gilts should possess Backfat thickness of 18.0-23.0 mm at the first insemination and should have body weight control to protect Backfat loss during gestation and lactation periods.
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Post-parturient Disorders and Backfat Loss in Tropical Sows in Relation to Backfat Thickness before Farrowing and Postpartum Intravenous Supportive Treatment.
Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Padet TummarukAbstract:The aim of the present study was to determine the evidence of post-parturient disorders and Backfat loss during lactation in sows raised in tropical areas in relation to their Backfat thickness before farrowing and postpartum intravenous supportive treatment. Backfat thickness was measured using A-mode ultrasonography at farrowing and weaning (25.5±1.4 d) in 70 sows. The sows were divided into three groups according to Backfat thickness before farrowing, i.e., 15.0 to 20.0 mm (n = 21), 20.5 to 25.0 mm (n = 35), >25.0 mm (n = 14) and were categorized into two groups according to the postpartum supportive treatment, i.e., control (n = 31) and treatment (n = 39). After farrowing, the sows in treatment group received the same medications as in control sows. Furthermore an intravenous supportive treatment with amino acids and vitamins was administered in treatment groups. Rectal temperature and clinical signs of the sows including vaginal discharge, udder problems and appetite were determined at d 0, 1, 2 and 3 of parturition. It was found that, on average, the Backfat thickness was 22.4±3.9 mm at farrowing and 19.9±2.9 mm at weaning. The Backfat loss and the relative Backfat loss during the lactation period were 2.6 mm and 10.6%, respectively. The sows with a Backfat of 15.0 to 20.0 mm before farrowing lost less Backfat than those with a Backfat of 20.5 to 25.0 mm and >25.0 mm (p 10% during lactation were higher in sows with a Backfat of >25.0 mm before farrowing (85.7%) than sows with a Backfat of 15.0 to 20.0 mm before farrowing (35.0%) (p = 0.008). The percentage of sows with a reduced appetite on d 1 (90.3% vs 71.8%, p = 0.018) and d 2 (61.3% versus 33.3%, p = 0.005) postpartum in the treatment group was lower than the control group. In conclusion, the Backfat thickness of sows at farrowing influenced Backfat loss during lactation under hot and humid climates. The intravenous supportive treatment of sows with amino acid and vitamins significantly improved the appetite of postpartum sows.
Michael E R Dugan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Differences in the trans-18:1 profile of the Backfat of feedlot steers fed wheat or corn based dried distillers’ grains
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Noelia Aldai, L J Walter, Jennifer L. Aalhus, Michael E R Dugan, Tim A. Mcallister, John J. MckinnonAbstract:Backfat composition was compared in steers fed either a control (barley grain based) diet or diets containing increasing levels of corn or wheat derived dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS; 20 g or 40 g/100 g of total mixed ration on a dry mater basis). Backfat total saturated fatty acids, other c,t-/c,c-/t,t-dienes, and conjugated linoleic acids, were unaffected by feeding DDGS. Monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in control steers while polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in Backfat from DDGS fed steers. Overall, Backfat from control and wheat derived DDGS fed steers had lower levels of trans-18:1 and consequently lower levels of individual trans-18:1 isomers and a higher 11t-/10t-ratio compared to Backfat from corn derived DDGS fed steers. This indicates that beef from cattle fed wheat derived DDGS had a fatty acid profile more favourable to human health than cattle fed corn DDGS.
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Dietary vitamin E inhibits the trans 10-18:1 shift in beef Backfat
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2010Co-Authors: Manuel Juárez, Noelia Aldai, Jennifer L. Aalhus, Michael E R Dugan, John A. Basarab, Vern S. Baron, Tim A. McallisterAbstract:Forty feedlot steers were fed a barley-grain-based finishing diet typical for western Canada, with two levels of supplementary vitamin E (468 or 1069 IU head-1 d-1) and the effect on Backfat trans-18:1 isomeric profile was determined. Feeding 1068 IU vitamin E reduced the total trans-18:1 content in Backfat (P
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Comparing Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Beef and Muskox with Emphasis on trans 18:1 and Conjugated Linoleic Acids
Lipids, 2007Co-Authors: Michael E R Dugan, Noelia Aldai, John K. G. Kramer, Wayne M. Robertson, William J. Meadus, David C. RollandAbstract:Muskox ( Ovibos moschatus ) are ruminant animals native to the far north and little is known about their fatty acid composition. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (Backfat) from 16 wild muskox was analyzed and compared to Backfat from 16 barley fed beef cattle. Muskox Backfat composition differed substantially from beef and the most striking difference was a high content of 18:0 (26.8 vs. 9.77%). This was accompanied by higher levels of most other saturated fatty acids except beef had more 16:0. Muskox Backfat also had a lower level of cis -18:1 and this was related to a lower expression of steroyl-CoA desaturase mRNA. Beef Backfat had a higher level of total trans -18:1 (4.25 vs. 2.67%). The most prominent trans -18:1 isomers in beef Backfat were 10 t -18:1 (2.13%) and 11 t -18:1 (0.77%) whereas the most prominent isomers in muskox Backfat were 11 t -18:1 (1.41%), 13 t /14 t - (0.27%) and 16 t -18:1 (0.23%). The total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content was higher in beef Backfat than muskox (0.67 vs. 0.50%) with 9 c ,11 t -18:2 as the most abundant CLA isomer. The second most abundant CLA isomer in beef Backfat was 7 t ,9 c -18:2 (0.10%) whereas in muskox it was 11 t 13 c -18:2 (0.04%). Muskox Backfat had a higher content of 18:3n-3 and its elongation and desaturation products 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio. Overall, the high forage diet of muskox seemed to produce a healthier fatty acid profile and highlighted the need to develop feeding strategies for intensively raising beef that will not negatively impacting fatty acid composition.
Ikuyo Nakajima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences in gene expression profiles for subcutaneous adipose liver and skeletal muscle tissues between meishan and landrace pigs with different Backfat thicknesses
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Misaki Kojima, Ikuyo Nakajima, Aisaku Arakawa, Satoshi Mikawa, Toshimi Matsumoto, Hirohide Uenishi, Yuki Nakamura, Masaaki TaniguchiAbstract:Backfat thickness is one of the most important traits of commercially raised pigs. Meishan pigs are renowned for having thicker Backfat than Landrace pigs. To examine the genetic factors responsible for the differences, we first produced female crossbred pig lines by mating Landrace (L) × Large White (W) × Duroc (D) females (LWD) with Landrace (L) or Meishan (M) boars (i.e., LWD × L = LWDL for Landrace offspring and LWD × M = LWDM for the Meishan offspring). We confirmed that LWDM pigs indeed had a thicker Backfat than LWDL pigs. Next, we performed gene expression microarray analysis in both genetic lines to examine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in energy metabolism-related tissues, subcutaneous adipose (fat), liver, and longissimus dorsi muscle tissues. We analyzed the annotation of DEGs (2-fold cutoff) to functionally categorize them by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The number of DEGs in muscle tissues of both lines was much less than that in fat and liver tissues, indicating that DEGs in muscle tissues may not contribute much to differences in Backfat thickness. In contrast, several genes related to muscle (in fat tissue) and lipid metabolism (in liver tissue) were more upregulated in LWDM pigs than LWDL pigs, indicating that those DEGs might be responsible for differences in Backfat thickness. The different genome-wide gene expression profiles in the fat, liver, and muscle tissues between genetic lines can provide useful information for pig breeders.
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cellularity of developing subcutaneous adipose tissue in landrace and meishan pigs adipocyte size differences between two breeds
Animal Science Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Ikuyo Nakajima, Koichi Ojima, Susumu Muroya, Masahiro Shibata, Koichi ChikuniAbstract:Experiments were designed to compare the adipocyte cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue between growing Landrace (low Backfat) and Meishan (high Backfat) pigs at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. As pigs aged, body weight and Backfat thickness of both breeds significantly increased. When compared at equal ages, Backfat thickness adjusted to equal body weight was greater for Meishan pigs. The mean diameter of fat cell size also increased with age, and by 6 weeks adipocytes from both outer and inner layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue were larger in Meishan pigs. At 5 months, approximately 80% of the adipose tissue mass in Meishan pigs was attributable to adipocytes measuring 95-165 µm in diameter, whereas adipocytes of 75-145 µm comprised most of the tissue mass in the Landrace. Although the contribution of smaller adipocytes (25-45 µm) to the tissue volume was negligible, both breeds showed a biphasic diameter distribution at all ages, suggesting that adipocyte hyperplasia is still active. Our results demonstrate that cellularity differences exist between the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Landrace and Meishan pigs, and adipocyte hypertrophy is the most overwhelming contributor to the greater Backfat deposition for Meishan pigs.
John J. Mckinnon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Differences in the trans-18:1 profile of the Backfat of feedlot steers fed wheat or corn based dried distillers’ grains
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Noelia Aldai, L J Walter, Jennifer L. Aalhus, Michael E R Dugan, Tim A. Mcallister, John J. MckinnonAbstract:Backfat composition was compared in steers fed either a control (barley grain based) diet or diets containing increasing levels of corn or wheat derived dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS; 20 g or 40 g/100 g of total mixed ration on a dry mater basis). Backfat total saturated fatty acids, other c,t-/c,c-/t,t-dienes, and conjugated linoleic acids, were unaffected by feeding DDGS. Monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in control steers while polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in Backfat from DDGS fed steers. Overall, Backfat from control and wheat derived DDGS fed steers had lower levels of trans-18:1 and consequently lower levels of individual trans-18:1 isomers and a higher 11t-/10t-ratio compared to Backfat from corn derived DDGS fed steers. This indicates that beef from cattle fed wheat derived DDGS had a fatty acid profile more favourable to human health than cattle fed corn DDGS.
