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Songshan Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Backpacker tourism: a perspective article.
Tourism Review, 2019Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Songshan HuangAbstract:This paper aims to contemplate the past development of Backpacker tourism research and assess the future development of Backpacker tourism research.,The authors evaluate the research on Backpacker tourism in the past in the following three aspects, namely, research themes, research methods and geographical and cultural contexts of research.,Backpackers and Backpacker tourism have been evolving in the past 75 years, just as other groups of travelers and forms of travel have. With the rapid pace of globalization in our time, Backpacker tourism and its kinship forms will remain an important international tourism phenomenon, with root reasons in different types of economies and societies. As such, it will remain to be a significant research subject for tourism researchers in the future.,This paper contemplates the past development and assesses the future development of Backpacker tourism research.
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Backpacker personal development generalized self efficacy and self esteem testing a structural model
Journal of Travel Research, 2019Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Songshan HuangAbstract:Guided by self-determination theory (SDT), this study aims to advance the theoretical understanding of Backpacker personal development (BPD) by examining its relationships with two important social-psychological constructs, that is, generalized self-efficacy (GSE) and self-esteem (SE). Using two samples from different cultural groups (Chinese Backpackers, n=230; Western Backpackers, n=242) and applying the partial least squares structural equation modeling, the study found that among Chinese Backpackers, skill development positively influenced GSE while worldview changes negatively influenced SE. For Western Backpackers, capability development and emotional adjustment positively influenced their GSE. The positive effects of GSE on SE were confirmed in both samples. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Backpacker Identity: Scale Development and Validation:
Journal of Travel Research, 2019Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Lijun Zhao, Songshan HuangAbstract:Backpacker identity has attracted growing attention in Backpacker tourism research. However, there still lacks a valid scale to measure Backpacker identity. Guided by Social Identity Theory (SIT), ...
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Toward a theory of Backpacker personal development: Cross-cultural validation of the BPD scale
Tourism Management, 2017Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Songshan HuangAbstract:Abstract This study aims at building a theory of Backpacker personal development (BPD) by cross-culturally validating the scale developed by Chen, Bao, and Huang (2014). While the original scale was developed by studying Chinese Backpackers, this study focuses on Western Backpackers to further validate the scale and advance the studies of Backpacker personal development. The study involves two samples in two stages (Study 1, n = 382; Study 2, n = 120) to verify the psychometric properties of the Backpacker personal development scale (BPDS). Results show that the five dimensions of the BPDS (i.e., capability, emotion, skill, worldview, and self-consciousness), also apply to Western Backpackers; the BPDS demonstrates cross-cultural validity and reliability in measuring Backpacker personal development. The current research suggests that Western Backpackers see backpacking as a more ‘individualistic’ way of personal development.
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Host perceptions of Backpackers: Examining the influence of intergroup contact
Tourism Management, 2015Co-Authors: Xianrong Luo, Graham Brown, Songshan HuangAbstract:Drawing on Intergroup Contact Theory, this study examines the effect of contact between hosts and Backpackers on host perceptions of Backpackers. Survey data collected from people employed in the accommodation sector (N = 416) in Lijiang, China found that contact enhances hosts' understanding of Backpackers and helps hosts evaluate Backpackers' impact in a more positive way. The effect of both quantity and quality of host–Backpacker contact was determined and quality was found to be more influential. The study also found that the perceptions of Backpackers mediated the effect of the quality of host–Backpacker contact on host evaluations of Backpacker impacts. The results help explain the findings of previous studies and indicate directions for improving the relationship between hosts and tourists.
Ganghua Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Backpacker tourism: a perspective article.
Tourism Review, 2019Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Songshan HuangAbstract:This paper aims to contemplate the past development of Backpacker tourism research and assess the future development of Backpacker tourism research.,The authors evaluate the research on Backpacker tourism in the past in the following three aspects, namely, research themes, research methods and geographical and cultural contexts of research.,Backpackers and Backpacker tourism have been evolving in the past 75 years, just as other groups of travelers and forms of travel have. With the rapid pace of globalization in our time, Backpacker tourism and its kinship forms will remain an important international tourism phenomenon, with root reasons in different types of economies and societies. As such, it will remain to be a significant research subject for tourism researchers in the future.,This paper contemplates the past development and assesses the future development of Backpacker tourism research.
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Backpacker personal development generalized self efficacy and self esteem testing a structural model
Journal of Travel Research, 2019Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Songshan HuangAbstract:Guided by self-determination theory (SDT), this study aims to advance the theoretical understanding of Backpacker personal development (BPD) by examining its relationships with two important social-psychological constructs, that is, generalized self-efficacy (GSE) and self-esteem (SE). Using two samples from different cultural groups (Chinese Backpackers, n=230; Western Backpackers, n=242) and applying the partial least squares structural equation modeling, the study found that among Chinese Backpackers, skill development positively influenced GSE while worldview changes negatively influenced SE. For Western Backpackers, capability development and emotional adjustment positively influenced their GSE. The positive effects of GSE on SE were confirmed in both samples. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Backpacker Identity: Scale Development and Validation:
Journal of Travel Research, 2019Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Lijun Zhao, Songshan HuangAbstract:Backpacker identity has attracted growing attention in Backpacker tourism research. However, there still lacks a valid scale to measure Backpacker identity. Guided by Social Identity Theory (SIT), ...
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Toward a theory of Backpacker personal development: Cross-cultural validation of the BPD scale
Tourism Management, 2017Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Songshan HuangAbstract:Abstract This study aims at building a theory of Backpacker personal development (BPD) by cross-culturally validating the scale developed by Chen, Bao, and Huang (2014). While the original scale was developed by studying Chinese Backpackers, this study focuses on Western Backpackers to further validate the scale and advance the studies of Backpacker personal development. The study involves two samples in two stages (Study 1, n = 382; Study 2, n = 120) to verify the psychometric properties of the Backpacker personal development scale (BPDS). Results show that the five dimensions of the BPDS (i.e., capability, emotion, skill, worldview, and self-consciousness), also apply to Western Backpackers; the BPDS demonstrates cross-cultural validity and reliability in measuring Backpacker personal development. The current research suggests that Western Backpackers see backpacking as a more ‘individualistic’ way of personal development.
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Segmenting Chinese Backpackers by Travel Motivations
International Journal of Tourism Research, 2013Co-Authors: Ganghua Chen, Jigang Bao, Songshan Sam HuangAbstract:School of Management, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaABSTRACTThis study examined travel motivations of Chinese Backpackers and classified Chinese Backpackers according to their travel motivations andrelated demographics. The study identified four motivation factors driving Chinese Backpacker travels: social interaction, self-actualization,destination experience and escape and relaxation. K-means cluster analysis further identified three distinct Chinese Backpacker segments withdifferenttravelmotivations:self-actualizers,destinationexperiencers andsocialseekers.ExplanationsanddiscussionswithinthebackgroundofChina’s ongoing tremendous social and economic transformation are also provided. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erika Andersson Cederholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Use of Photo‐elicitation in Tourism Research – Framing the Backpacker Experience
Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2004Co-Authors: Erika Andersson CederholmAbstract:The aim of this paper is to elucidate the use of photo-elicitation as a method for data collection as well as a method for analysis. By using a study on Backpacker tourism where the respondents’ own photographs were used in in-depth interviews as an example, the immersion of data collection and analysis is illustrated through the Backpackers’ narratives and experiences of travel photography. The theoretical point of departure in the study on Backpackers was the social construction of the travel experience as liminal, playful and extraordinary. Considering the phenomenon of backpacking tourism as a gradually institutionalized phenomenon, constructing the extraordinary – including authenticity as an important criterion – became, from the Backpacker’s perspective, an act of balance between emphasizing individuality and simultaneously conforming to the ideals and norms of the Backpacker culture. The contradictory conditions of the Backpacker experience were highlighted through narratives on photography and the analysis was focussing on ambivalent experiences. Following Simmel’s dichotomy between individuality and social form, four analytical themes were developed: ‘‘Framing the unique’’, framing the local scene’’, ‘‘catching the moment’’ and ‘‘the deviants among Backpackers’’. The first three indicates the photographic and experiental ideals of the Backpackers, and the fourth underlines the norms of the backpacking culture through narratives on the deviants. (Less)
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the use of photo elicitation in tourism research framing the Backpacker experience
Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2004Co-Authors: Erika Andersson CederholmAbstract:The aim of this paper is to elucidate the use of photo-elicitation as a method for data collection as well as a method for analysis. By using a study on Backpacker tourism where the respondents’ own photographs were used in in-depth interviews as an example, the immersion of data collection and analysis is illustrated through the Backpackers’ narratives and experiences of travel photography. The theoretical point of departure in the study on Backpackers was the social construction of the travel experience as liminal, playful and extraordinary. Considering the phenomenon of backpacking tourism as a gradually institutionalized phenomenon, constructing the extraordinary – including authenticity as an important criterion – became, from the Backpacker’s perspective, an act of balance between emphasizing individuality and simultaneously conforming to the ideals and norms of the Backpacker culture. The contradictory conditions of the Backpacker experience were highlighted through narratives on photography and the analysis was focussing on ambivalent experiences. Following Simmel’s dichotomy between individuality and social form, four analytical themes were developed: ‘‘Framing the unique’’, framing the local scene’’, ‘‘catching the moment’’ and ‘‘the deviants among Backpackers’’. The first three indicates the photographic and experiental ideals of the Backpackers, and the fourth underlines the norms of the backpacking culture through narratives on the deviants. (Less)
Huang Songshan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Backpacker identity: Scale development and validation
Edith Cowan University Research Online Perth Western Australia, 2019Co-Authors: Chen Ganghua, Zhao Lijun, Huang SongshanAbstract:Backpacker identity has attracted growing attention in Backpacker tourism research. However, there still lacks a valid scale to measure Backpacker identity. Guided by Social Identity Theory (SIT), this study aims to develop and validate a scale to measure Backpacker identity in the Chinese context. The study used two Chinese Backpacker samples in two stages (Study 1, n=190; Study 2, n=323) to establish the psychometric properties of a Backpacker identity scale (BIS). Following the process of scale development, a three-dimension (i.e., self-categorization, group self-value, and group self-evaluation) Backpacker identity measurement model was identified. The refined scale with 16 measurement items was finally identified with sufficient reliability and validity. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed
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Perceived personal development benefits from backpacking: A cross-cultural comparison
'Cognizant LLC', 2018Co-Authors: Huang Songshan, Chen GanghuaAbstract:This study aims to examine the cross-cultural differences of perceived Backpacker personal development between Chinese and Western Backpackers. Backpacker personal development has been found to be an effective form of personal development in addition to the formal education system. Although the literature shows backpacking is a culturally driven travel phenomenon, little research has been done to examine the cross-cultural differences in association to backpacking. Comparing 230 Chinese Backpackers with 246 Western Backpackers traveling in China, the study found that Western Backpackers rated four out of the five Backpacker personal development dimensions consistently higher than their Chinese counterparts. These dimensions are capability, skill, worldview, and self-consciousness. However, the two cultural groups did not differ in emotion as a Backpacker personal development dimension. The differences can be explained by stages of industry development of backpacking in and outside China, Chinese social and economic development, in addition to the cultural determination. The study demonstrated that Chinese Backpackers are a culturally different traveler market, comparing to Western Backpackers. The special features and culturally informed characteristics of Chinese backpacking will not only enrich the worldwide backpacking travel phenomena, but also enhance the general knowledge of tourism from a cross-cultural perspective. This study contributes to the literature by advancing the understanding of tourist learning and personal development through backpacking experiences. Based on the study findings it is recommended that governments and industry organizations should designate supportive policies and favorable industry protocols to encourage young generations to seek personal development through backpacking
Philip L. Pearce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A "University of Travel": Backpacker learning.
Tourism Management, 2007Co-Authors: Philip L. Pearce, Faith FosterAbstract:This study considers the self-reported learning achievements of Backpackers. Accounts of Backpacker learning posted on the internet were explored to construct a generic skills learning framework. In a second study phase in Northern Australia, 372 Backpackers provided responses to a questionnaire on their perceived generic skill development. Skills considered to be important by Backpackers were moderately to greatly improved by the travel experiences. Further, Backpackers with different motivation patterns learnt different kinds of skills. In many instances, the skills acquired were perceived as relevant to future employment. Some travel is its own kind of educational institution; an implicit University of Travel.
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Sustainability research and Backpacker studies: intersections and mutual insights
2007Co-Authors: Philip L. PearceAbstract:The potential for sustainability research and Backpacker studies to influence one another is explored in this chapter. Each area of analysis is considered with a particular focus on the conceptual development and style of the work and its current directions. The questions about the potential for influencing future studies are asked in both directions viz. how can Backpacker research contribute to sustainability discussions and how can sustainability analysis shape research into backpacking? It will be argued that there are a number of easily identified contributions in each direction, in particular more studies of the impacts of Backpacker behaviour and more studies of the corporate sustainability status of Backpacker businesses. The possibilities for mutual influence extend beyond these direct liaisons. In particular the kinds of insights about non-compliance behaviour undertaken in Backpacker health offer insights into non-compliance in the sustainability domain. Importantly this kind of work marries two territories of Backpacker studies - sociological and utilitarian or market-oriented routes. Additionally the potential to create global archives of studies for meta-analysis and data mining can also be identified as a consequence of considering the intersection of Backpacker studies and sustainability research. Overall the mutual insights that a joint consideration of these two areas generates builds the promise of enlivening and even transforming future Backpacker studies.
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Backpacking and Backpackers: a fresh look
Tourism Recreation Research, 2006Co-Authors: Philip L. PearceAbstract:As areas and topics of tourism study grow with increasing researcher efforts, it is opportune at times to pause and reflect on the directions of the work already undertaken. As a part of the Special Issue of Tourism Recreation Research, this article takes a fresh look at backpacking, Backpackers and the research pertaining to these topics. The framework for this examination of Backpacker studies is provided by a four-cell grid where the combined effects of rigour and relevance are integrated to produce work with different strengths. It is argued in this paper that a fresh look at Backpacker studies should be consistent with the high-rigour, high-relevance quadrant – that is, work which is both powerful and pragmatic. The process of investigating fresh directions in Backpacker studies is then developed by examining five emerging issues in tourism study generally and then contrasting the suggestions emerging from these areas with pre-existing ideas for more Backpacker research from published sources. It is concluded that Backpacker research can reach beyond its present focus and position and move towards powerful new destinations.
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Young budget travelers: Backpackers in Australia
Annals of Tourism Research, 1995Co-Authors: Laurie Loker-murphy, Philip L. PearceAbstract:This paper examines young budget travelers in the context of the “Backpacker” phenomenon in Australia. The origin of this form of travel is discussed and a contemporary social definition of Backpackers is proposed. The definitional elements (a preference for budget accommodation, an emphasis on meeting other people, an independently organized and flexible travel schedule, longer rather than brief holidays, and an emphasis on informal and participatory holiday activities) are supported using two data sources. Data from Australia's International Visitor Survey, as well as a Backpacker-specific study with 690 respondents, indicate that these young budget travelers exhibit characteristics which differentiate them from other visitors and that they are of economic importance to Australia's tourism industry.
