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Kelly A Brayton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laboratory colonization stabilizes the naturally dynamic Microbiome composition of field collected dermacentor andersoni ticks
Microbiome, 2017Co-Authors: Cory A Gall, Kathleen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Krisztian Magori, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Nearly a quarter of emerging infectious diseases identified in the last century are arthropod-borne. Although ticks and insects can carry pathogenic microorganisms, non-pathogenic microbes make up the majority of their microbial communities. The majority of tick Microbiome research has had a focus on discovery and description; very few studies have analyzed the ecological context and functional responses of the Bacterial Microbiome of ticks. The goal of this analysis was to characterize the stability of the Bacterial Microbiome of Dermacentor andersoni ticks between generations and two populations within a species. The Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni midguts and salivary glands was analyzed from populations collected at two different ecologically distinct sites by comparing field (F1) and lab-reared populations (F1-F3) over three generations. The Microbiome composition of pooled and individual samples was analyzed by sequencing nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicons using a Pacific Biosciences CCS platform that allows identification of bacteria to the species level. In this study, we found that the D. andersoni Microbiome was distinct in different geographic populations and was tissue specific, differing between the midgut and the salivary gland, over multiple generations. Additionally, our study showed that the Microbiomes of laboratory-reared populations were not necessarily representative of their respective field populations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Microbiome of a few individual ticks does not represent the Microbiome composition at the population level. We demonstrated that the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni was complex over three generations and specific to tick tissue (midgut vs. salivary glands) as well as geographic location (Burns, Oregon vs. Lake Como, Montana vs. laboratory setting). These results provide evidence that habitat of the tick population is a vital component of the complexity of the Bacterial Microbiome of ticks, and that the Microbiome of lab colonies may not allow for comparative analyses with field populations. A broader understanding of Microbiome variation will be required if we are to employ manipulation of the Microbiome as a method for interfering with acquisition and transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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the Bacterial Microbiome of dermacentor andersoni ticks influences pathogen susceptibility
The ISME Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Cory A Gall, Kathryn E Reif, Kathleen L Mason, M R Mousel, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Ticks are of medical importance owing to their ability to transmit pathogens to humans and animals. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, is a vector of a number of pathogens, including Anaplasma marginale, which is the most widespread tick-borne pathogen of livestock. Although ticks host pathogenic bacteria, they also harbor Bacterial endosymbionts that have a role in tick physiology, survival, as well as pathogen acquisition and transmission. The goal of this study was to characterize the Bacterial Microbiome and examine the impact of Microbiome disruption on pathogen susceptibility. The Bacterial Microbiome of two populations of D. andersoni with historically different susceptibilities to A. marginale was characterized. In this study, the Microbiome was disrupted and then ticks were exposed to A. marginale or Francisella novicida to determine whether the Microbiome correlated with pathogen susceptibility. Our study showed that an increase in proportion and quantity of Rickettsia bellii in the Microbiome was negatively correlated to A. marginale levels in ticks. Furthermore, a decrease in Francisella endosymbionts was associated with lower F. novicida infection levels, demonstrating a positive pathogen–endosymbiont relationship. We demonstrate that endosymbionts and pathogens have varying interactions, and suggest that Microbiome manipulation may provide a possible method for biocontrol by decreasing pathogen susceptibility of ticks.
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the characterization and manipulation of the Bacterial Microbiome of the rocky mountain wood tick dermacentor andersoni
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Katie A Clayton, Cory A Gall, Katheen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Background In North America, ticks are the most economically impactful vectors of human and animal pathogens. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), transmits Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma marginale to humans and cattle, respectively. In recent years, studies have shown that symbiotic organisms are involved in a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Characterizing the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni is a pivotal step towards understanding symbiont-host interactions.
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The characterization and manipulation of the Bacterial Microbiome of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Katie A Clayton, Cory A Gall, Katheen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Background In North America, ticks are the most economically impactful vectors of human and animal pathogens. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), transmits Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma marginale to humans and cattle, respectively. In recent years, studies have shown that symbiotic organisms are involved in a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Characterizing the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni is a pivotal step towards understanding symbiont-host interactions. Findings In this study, we have shown by high-throughput sequence analysis that the composition of endosymbionts in the midgut and salivary glands in adult ticks is dynamic over three generations. Four Proteobacteria genera, Rickettsia, Francisella, Arsenophonus, and Acinetobacter , were identified as predominant symbionts in these two tissues. Exposure to therapeutic doses of the broad-spectrum antibiotic, oxytetracycline, affected both proportions of predominant genera and significantly reduced reproductive fitness. Additionally, Acinetobacter , a free-living ubiquitous microbe, invaded the Bacterial Microbiome at different proportions based on antibiotic treatment status suggesting that Microbiome composition may have a role in susceptibility to environmental contaminants. Conclusions This study characterized the Bacterial Microbiome in D. andersoni and determined the generational variability within this tick. Furthermore, this study confirmed that Microbiome manipulation is associated with tick fitness and may be a potential method for biocontrol.
Cory A Gall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laboratory colonization stabilizes the naturally dynamic Microbiome composition of field collected dermacentor andersoni ticks
Microbiome, 2017Co-Authors: Cory A Gall, Kathleen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Krisztian Magori, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Nearly a quarter of emerging infectious diseases identified in the last century are arthropod-borne. Although ticks and insects can carry pathogenic microorganisms, non-pathogenic microbes make up the majority of their microbial communities. The majority of tick Microbiome research has had a focus on discovery and description; very few studies have analyzed the ecological context and functional responses of the Bacterial Microbiome of ticks. The goal of this analysis was to characterize the stability of the Bacterial Microbiome of Dermacentor andersoni ticks between generations and two populations within a species. The Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni midguts and salivary glands was analyzed from populations collected at two different ecologically distinct sites by comparing field (F1) and lab-reared populations (F1-F3) over three generations. The Microbiome composition of pooled and individual samples was analyzed by sequencing nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicons using a Pacific Biosciences CCS platform that allows identification of bacteria to the species level. In this study, we found that the D. andersoni Microbiome was distinct in different geographic populations and was tissue specific, differing between the midgut and the salivary gland, over multiple generations. Additionally, our study showed that the Microbiomes of laboratory-reared populations were not necessarily representative of their respective field populations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Microbiome of a few individual ticks does not represent the Microbiome composition at the population level. We demonstrated that the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni was complex over three generations and specific to tick tissue (midgut vs. salivary glands) as well as geographic location (Burns, Oregon vs. Lake Como, Montana vs. laboratory setting). These results provide evidence that habitat of the tick population is a vital component of the complexity of the Bacterial Microbiome of ticks, and that the Microbiome of lab colonies may not allow for comparative analyses with field populations. A broader understanding of Microbiome variation will be required if we are to employ manipulation of the Microbiome as a method for interfering with acquisition and transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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the Bacterial Microbiome of dermacentor andersoni ticks influences pathogen susceptibility
The ISME Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Cory A Gall, Kathryn E Reif, Kathleen L Mason, M R Mousel, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Ticks are of medical importance owing to their ability to transmit pathogens to humans and animals. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, is a vector of a number of pathogens, including Anaplasma marginale, which is the most widespread tick-borne pathogen of livestock. Although ticks host pathogenic bacteria, they also harbor Bacterial endosymbionts that have a role in tick physiology, survival, as well as pathogen acquisition and transmission. The goal of this study was to characterize the Bacterial Microbiome and examine the impact of Microbiome disruption on pathogen susceptibility. The Bacterial Microbiome of two populations of D. andersoni with historically different susceptibilities to A. marginale was characterized. In this study, the Microbiome was disrupted and then ticks were exposed to A. marginale or Francisella novicida to determine whether the Microbiome correlated with pathogen susceptibility. Our study showed that an increase in proportion and quantity of Rickettsia bellii in the Microbiome was negatively correlated to A. marginale levels in ticks. Furthermore, a decrease in Francisella endosymbionts was associated with lower F. novicida infection levels, demonstrating a positive pathogen–endosymbiont relationship. We demonstrate that endosymbionts and pathogens have varying interactions, and suggest that Microbiome manipulation may provide a possible method for biocontrol by decreasing pathogen susceptibility of ticks.
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the characterization and manipulation of the Bacterial Microbiome of the rocky mountain wood tick dermacentor andersoni
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Katie A Clayton, Cory A Gall, Katheen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Background In North America, ticks are the most economically impactful vectors of human and animal pathogens. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), transmits Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma marginale to humans and cattle, respectively. In recent years, studies have shown that symbiotic organisms are involved in a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Characterizing the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni is a pivotal step towards understanding symbiont-host interactions.
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The characterization and manipulation of the Bacterial Microbiome of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Katie A Clayton, Cory A Gall, Katheen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Background In North America, ticks are the most economically impactful vectors of human and animal pathogens. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), transmits Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma marginale to humans and cattle, respectively. In recent years, studies have shown that symbiotic organisms are involved in a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Characterizing the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni is a pivotal step towards understanding symbiont-host interactions. Findings In this study, we have shown by high-throughput sequence analysis that the composition of endosymbionts in the midgut and salivary glands in adult ticks is dynamic over three generations. Four Proteobacteria genera, Rickettsia, Francisella, Arsenophonus, and Acinetobacter , were identified as predominant symbionts in these two tissues. Exposure to therapeutic doses of the broad-spectrum antibiotic, oxytetracycline, affected both proportions of predominant genera and significantly reduced reproductive fitness. Additionally, Acinetobacter , a free-living ubiquitous microbe, invaded the Bacterial Microbiome at different proportions based on antibiotic treatment status suggesting that Microbiome composition may have a role in susceptibility to environmental contaminants. Conclusions This study characterized the Bacterial Microbiome in D. andersoni and determined the generational variability within this tick. Furthermore, this study confirmed that Microbiome manipulation is associated with tick fitness and may be a potential method for biocontrol.
Glen A Scoles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laboratory colonization stabilizes the naturally dynamic Microbiome composition of field collected dermacentor andersoni ticks
Microbiome, 2017Co-Authors: Cory A Gall, Kathleen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Krisztian Magori, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Nearly a quarter of emerging infectious diseases identified in the last century are arthropod-borne. Although ticks and insects can carry pathogenic microorganisms, non-pathogenic microbes make up the majority of their microbial communities. The majority of tick Microbiome research has had a focus on discovery and description; very few studies have analyzed the ecological context and functional responses of the Bacterial Microbiome of ticks. The goal of this analysis was to characterize the stability of the Bacterial Microbiome of Dermacentor andersoni ticks between generations and two populations within a species. The Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni midguts and salivary glands was analyzed from populations collected at two different ecologically distinct sites by comparing field (F1) and lab-reared populations (F1-F3) over three generations. The Microbiome composition of pooled and individual samples was analyzed by sequencing nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicons using a Pacific Biosciences CCS platform that allows identification of bacteria to the species level. In this study, we found that the D. andersoni Microbiome was distinct in different geographic populations and was tissue specific, differing between the midgut and the salivary gland, over multiple generations. Additionally, our study showed that the Microbiomes of laboratory-reared populations were not necessarily representative of their respective field populations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Microbiome of a few individual ticks does not represent the Microbiome composition at the population level. We demonstrated that the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni was complex over three generations and specific to tick tissue (midgut vs. salivary glands) as well as geographic location (Burns, Oregon vs. Lake Como, Montana vs. laboratory setting). These results provide evidence that habitat of the tick population is a vital component of the complexity of the Bacterial Microbiome of ticks, and that the Microbiome of lab colonies may not allow for comparative analyses with field populations. A broader understanding of Microbiome variation will be required if we are to employ manipulation of the Microbiome as a method for interfering with acquisition and transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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the Bacterial Microbiome of dermacentor andersoni ticks influences pathogen susceptibility
The ISME Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Cory A Gall, Kathryn E Reif, Kathleen L Mason, M R Mousel, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Ticks are of medical importance owing to their ability to transmit pathogens to humans and animals. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, is a vector of a number of pathogens, including Anaplasma marginale, which is the most widespread tick-borne pathogen of livestock. Although ticks host pathogenic bacteria, they also harbor Bacterial endosymbionts that have a role in tick physiology, survival, as well as pathogen acquisition and transmission. The goal of this study was to characterize the Bacterial Microbiome and examine the impact of Microbiome disruption on pathogen susceptibility. The Bacterial Microbiome of two populations of D. andersoni with historically different susceptibilities to A. marginale was characterized. In this study, the Microbiome was disrupted and then ticks were exposed to A. marginale or Francisella novicida to determine whether the Microbiome correlated with pathogen susceptibility. Our study showed that an increase in proportion and quantity of Rickettsia bellii in the Microbiome was negatively correlated to A. marginale levels in ticks. Furthermore, a decrease in Francisella endosymbionts was associated with lower F. novicida infection levels, demonstrating a positive pathogen–endosymbiont relationship. We demonstrate that endosymbionts and pathogens have varying interactions, and suggest that Microbiome manipulation may provide a possible method for biocontrol by decreasing pathogen susceptibility of ticks.
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the characterization and manipulation of the Bacterial Microbiome of the rocky mountain wood tick dermacentor andersoni
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Katie A Clayton, Cory A Gall, Katheen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Background In North America, ticks are the most economically impactful vectors of human and animal pathogens. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), transmits Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma marginale to humans and cattle, respectively. In recent years, studies have shown that symbiotic organisms are involved in a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Characterizing the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni is a pivotal step towards understanding symbiont-host interactions.
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The characterization and manipulation of the Bacterial Microbiome of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Katie A Clayton, Cory A Gall, Katheen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Background In North America, ticks are the most economically impactful vectors of human and animal pathogens. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), transmits Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma marginale to humans and cattle, respectively. In recent years, studies have shown that symbiotic organisms are involved in a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Characterizing the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni is a pivotal step towards understanding symbiont-host interactions. Findings In this study, we have shown by high-throughput sequence analysis that the composition of endosymbionts in the midgut and salivary glands in adult ticks is dynamic over three generations. Four Proteobacteria genera, Rickettsia, Francisella, Arsenophonus, and Acinetobacter , were identified as predominant symbionts in these two tissues. Exposure to therapeutic doses of the broad-spectrum antibiotic, oxytetracycline, affected both proportions of predominant genera and significantly reduced reproductive fitness. Additionally, Acinetobacter , a free-living ubiquitous microbe, invaded the Bacterial Microbiome at different proportions based on antibiotic treatment status suggesting that Microbiome composition may have a role in susceptibility to environmental contaminants. Conclusions This study characterized the Bacterial Microbiome in D. andersoni and determined the generational variability within this tick. Furthermore, this study confirmed that Microbiome manipulation is associated with tick fitness and may be a potential method for biocontrol.
Daniele Daffonchio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Grapevine rootstocks shape underground Bacterial Microbiome and networking but not potential functionality
Microbiome, 2018Co-Authors: Ramona Marasco, Eleonora Rolli, Marco Fusi, Grégoire Michoud, Daniele DaffonchioAbstract:Background The plant compartments of Vitis vinifera , including the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, root endosphere, phyllosphere and carposphere, provide unique niches that drive specific Bacterial Microbiome associations. The majority of phyllosphere endophytes originate from the soil and migrate up to the aerial compartments through the root endosphere. Thus, the soil and root endosphere partially define the aerial endosphere in the leaves and berries, contributing to the terroir of the fruit. However, V. vinifera cultivars are invariably grafted onto the rootstocks of other Vitis species and hybrids. It has been hypothesized that the plant species determines the Microbiome of the root endosphere and, as a consequence, the aerial endosphere. In this work, we test the first part of this hypothesis. We investigate whether different rootstocks influence the bacteria selected from the surrounding soil, affecting the Bacterial diversity and potential functionality of the rhizosphere and root endosphere. Methods Bacterial Microbiomes from both the root tissues and the rhizosphere of Barbera cultivars, both ungrafted and grafted on four different rootstocks, cultivated in the same soil from the same vineyard, were characterized by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. To assess the influence of the root genotype on the Bacterial communities’ recruitment in the root system, (i) the phylogenetic diversity coupled with the predicted functional profiles and (ii) the co-occurrence Bacterial networks were determined. Cultivation-dependent approaches were used to reveal the plant-growth promoting (PGP) potential associated with the grafted and ungrafted root systems. Results Richness, diversity and Bacterial community networking in the root compartments were significantly influenced by the rootstocks. Complementary to a shared Bacterial Microbiome, different subsets of soil bacteria, including those endowed with PGP traits, were selected by the root system compartments of different rootstocks. The interaction between the root compartments and the rootstock exerted a unique selective pressure that enhanced niche differentiation, but rootstock-specific Bacterial communities were still recruited with conserved PGP traits. Conclusion While the rootstock significantly influences the taxonomy, structure and network properties of the Bacterial community in grapevine roots, a homeostatic effect on the distribution of the predicted and potential functional PGP traits was found.
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grapevine rootstocks shape underground Bacterial Microbiome and networking but not potential functionality
Microbiome, 2018Co-Authors: Ramona Marasco, Eleonora Rolli, Marco Fusi, Grégoire Michoud, Daniele DaffonchioAbstract:The plant compartments of Vitis vinifera, including the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, root endosphere, phyllosphere and carposphere, provide unique niches that drive specific Bacterial Microbiome associations. The majority of phyllosphere endophytes originate from the soil and migrate up to the aerial compartments through the root endosphere. Thus, the soil and root endosphere partially define the aerial endosphere in the leaves and berries, contributing to the terroir of the fruit. However, V. vinifera cultivars are invariably grafted onto the rootstocks of other Vitis species and hybrids. It has been hypothesized that the plant species determines the Microbiome of the root endosphere and, as a consequence, the aerial endosphere. In this work, we test the first part of this hypothesis. We investigate whether different rootstocks influence the bacteria selected from the surrounding soil, affecting the Bacterial diversity and potential functionality of the rhizosphere and root endosphere. Bacterial Microbiomes from both the root tissues and the rhizosphere of Barbera cultivars, both ungrafted and grafted on four different rootstocks, cultivated in the same soil from the same vineyard, were characterized by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. To assess the influence of the root genotype on the Bacterial communities’ recruitment in the root system, (i) the phylogenetic diversity coupled with the predicted functional profiles and (ii) the co-occurrence Bacterial networks were determined. Cultivation-dependent approaches were used to reveal the plant-growth promoting (PGP) potential associated with the grafted and ungrafted root systems. Richness, diversity and Bacterial community networking in the root compartments were significantly influenced by the rootstocks. Complementary to a shared Bacterial Microbiome, different subsets of soil bacteria, including those endowed with PGP traits, were selected by the root system compartments of different rootstocks. The interaction between the root compartments and the rootstock exerted a unique selective pressure that enhanced niche differentiation, but rootstock-specific Bacterial communities were still recruited with conserved PGP traits. While the rootstock significantly influences the taxonomy, structure and network properties of the Bacterial community in grapevine roots, a homeostatic effect on the distribution of the predicted and potential functional PGP traits was found.
Katie A Clayton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the characterization and manipulation of the Bacterial Microbiome of the rocky mountain wood tick dermacentor andersoni
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Katie A Clayton, Cory A Gall, Katheen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Background In North America, ticks are the most economically impactful vectors of human and animal pathogens. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), transmits Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma marginale to humans and cattle, respectively. In recent years, studies have shown that symbiotic organisms are involved in a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Characterizing the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni is a pivotal step towards understanding symbiont-host interactions.
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The characterization and manipulation of the Bacterial Microbiome of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Katie A Clayton, Cory A Gall, Katheen L Mason, Glen A Scoles, Kelly A BraytonAbstract:Background In North America, ticks are the most economically impactful vectors of human and animal pathogens. The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), transmits Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma marginale to humans and cattle, respectively. In recent years, studies have shown that symbiotic organisms are involved in a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Characterizing the Bacterial Microbiome of D. andersoni is a pivotal step towards understanding symbiont-host interactions. Findings In this study, we have shown by high-throughput sequence analysis that the composition of endosymbionts in the midgut and salivary glands in adult ticks is dynamic over three generations. Four Proteobacteria genera, Rickettsia, Francisella, Arsenophonus, and Acinetobacter , were identified as predominant symbionts in these two tissues. Exposure to therapeutic doses of the broad-spectrum antibiotic, oxytetracycline, affected both proportions of predominant genera and significantly reduced reproductive fitness. Additionally, Acinetobacter , a free-living ubiquitous microbe, invaded the Bacterial Microbiome at different proportions based on antibiotic treatment status suggesting that Microbiome composition may have a role in susceptibility to environmental contaminants. Conclusions This study characterized the Bacterial Microbiome in D. andersoni and determined the generational variability within this tick. Furthermore, this study confirmed that Microbiome manipulation is associated with tick fitness and may be a potential method for biocontrol.
