The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J A Morris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The common Bacterial Toxins hypothesis of sudden infant death syndrome.
FEMS immunology and medical microbiology, 1999Co-Authors: J A MorrisAbstract:The background to the common Bacterial toxin hypothesis of sudden infant death syndrome is presented. The idea is that some cases of sudden infant death syndrome are due to the lethal effects of nasopharyngeal Bacterial Toxins which can act synergistically to trigger the events leading to death. The concept is consistent with the age distribution of sudden infant death syndrome, the winter excess of cases and the role of prone sleeping and passive exposure to cigarette smoke. A number of laboratory-based investigations are described. There is an increased isolation of staphylococci and Gram-negative bacilli from sudden infant death syndrome infants compared with age- and season-matched healthy infants. Bacteria from sudden infant death syndrome infants interact synergistically to cause sudden death in gnotobiotic weanling rats. Bacterial Toxins implicated in sudden infant death syndrome interact synergistically to cause death in chick embryos. Nicotine in very low doses potentiates the lethal effect of toxin combinations in chick embryos. Staphylococcal Toxins and endoToxins have been demonstrated in sudden infant death syndrome tissues, antibodies to endoToxins are low in sudden infant death syndrome cases and the prone sleeping position leads to pooling of secretions in the upper airways, increasing the risk of Bacterial growth and toxin production. If the hypothesis is correct, then there is the possibility of a further reduction in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome based on immunisation against the Toxins involved.
Peter Sotonyi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of Bacterial Toxins in sudden infant death syndrome sids
International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: C C Blackwell, Ann E Gordon, V S James, Doris A C Mackenzie, M Mogensenbuchanan, O El R Ahmer, O Al M Madani, Klara Toro, Zsuzsanna Csukas, Peter SotonyiAbstract:Abstract There is increasing evidence for the involvement of Bacterial Toxins in some cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), particularly the pyrogenic Toxins of Staphylococcus aureus . This had led to the hypothesis that some SIDS deaths are due to induction of inflammatory mediators by infectious agents or their products during a period in which the infant is unable to control these normally protective responses. The genetic, developmental and environmental risk factors identified for SIDS are assessed in relation to frequency or density of mucosal colonisation by toxigenic bacteria and their effects on induction and control of inflammatory responses to the Toxins.
James A. Lindsay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): are common Bacterial Toxins responsible, and do they have a vaccine potential?
Vaccine, 1994Co-Authors: Timothy G. C. Murrell, William G. Murrell, James A. LindsayAbstract:Despite extensive research, no unifying concept has satisfactorily explained the cause of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The details are briefly outlined of some of the evidence supporting the hypothesis that common Bacterial Toxins are important in the aetiology of SIDS. These Bacterial Toxins act as triggers to initiate a biochemical cascade resulting in death. Data from four research groups, each working independently, indicated that the bacteria Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were present in higher numbers in infants who had suffered SIDS than in control infants. Certainly more detailed studies need to be performed on the role of Bacterial infections in infants. There are many implications arising from this work, particularly the use of vaccination as a means of reducing infections, and consequently the number of SIDS deaths.
William G. Murrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of enteric Bacterial Toxins on the catecholamine levels of the rabbit
Pathology, 1997Co-Authors: Steven Siarakas, Edward Damas, William G. MurrellAbstract:SummaryThe rabbit catecholamine responses to Bacterial Toxins commonly found in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) victims were studied as part of a proposed animal model for SIDS. Six Bacterial Toxins commonly isolated from SIDS baby feces and a comparison endotoxin were injected intravenously (IV) and intraluminarily (IL) to determine their effects on catecholamine levels. IV injected Toxins clearly altered catecholamine levels causing sharp rises in adrenaline and noradrenaline levels and at critical toxin concentrations sudden death ensued. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and α-toxin, Clostridium difficile enterotoxin (A) and cytotoxin (B), Escherichia coli STa toxin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B caused rises in catecholamine levels similar to that caused by E. coli endotoxin. Control rabbits showed very little or no obvious change in catecholamine levels. Clostridium difficile enterotoxin (A) and cytotoxin (B) injected IV exhibited synergy. Toxins injected into the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, c...
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): are common Bacterial Toxins responsible, and do they have a vaccine potential?
Vaccine, 1994Co-Authors: Timothy G. C. Murrell, William G. Murrell, James A. LindsayAbstract:Despite extensive research, no unifying concept has satisfactorily explained the cause of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The details are briefly outlined of some of the evidence supporting the hypothesis that common Bacterial Toxins are important in the aetiology of SIDS. These Bacterial Toxins act as triggers to initiate a biochemical cascade resulting in death. Data from four research groups, each working independently, indicated that the bacteria Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were present in higher numbers in infants who had suffered SIDS than in control infants. Certainly more detailed studies need to be performed on the role of Bacterial infections in infants. There are many implications arising from this work, particularly the use of vaccination as a means of reducing infections, and consequently the number of SIDS deaths.
C C Blackwell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of Bacterial Toxins in sudden infant death syndrome sids
International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: C C Blackwell, Ann E Gordon, V S James, Doris A C Mackenzie, M Mogensenbuchanan, O El R Ahmer, O Al M Madani, Klara Toro, Zsuzsanna Csukas, Peter SotonyiAbstract:Abstract There is increasing evidence for the involvement of Bacterial Toxins in some cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), particularly the pyrogenic Toxins of Staphylococcus aureus . This had led to the hypothesis that some SIDS deaths are due to induction of inflammatory mediators by infectious agents or their products during a period in which the infant is unable to control these normally protective responses. The genetic, developmental and environmental risk factors identified for SIDS are assessed in relation to frequency or density of mucosal colonisation by toxigenic bacteria and their effects on induction and control of inflammatory responses to the Toxins.