The Experts below are selected from a list of 19641 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robe G Gilbe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
relationships between Protein content starch molecular structure and grain size in Barley
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017Co-Authors: Wei Zou, Michael J Gidley, Robe G GilbeAbstract:Correlations among Barley Protein, starch molecular structure and grain size were determined using 30 Barley samples with variable Protein contents. Starch molecular structure was characterized by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis and by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC, also termed GPC). The chain-length distributions of amylopectin were fitted using a mathematical model reflecting the relative activities of starch branching enzymes and starch synthase enzymes. Increased Protein content significantly and negatively correlated with higher amounts of amylose with longer chains (degree of polymerization, DP 1600–40000) while Barley grain sizes positively associated with starch contents. Protein content also positively correlated with the proportion of longer chains of amylopectin (DP 34–100). These results showed that the enzyme activities of starch synthases change with Protein content, leading to altered starch contents, structures and grain sizes. From this perspective, selecting for large grain size (or low Protein content) does not necessarily relate to starch structure, although may suggest long chains of amylopectin. Measuring starch structure could give a good indication of process performance in human food, animal feed and brewing, as all these structural features contribute to significant functional properties.
Frederic T. Barrows - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Digestibility of feed ingredients in Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus adapted to either sea water or low salinity
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: M. Riche, Frederic T. Barrows, T.g. GaylordAbstract:Seven potential feed ingredients were evaluated for digestibility with Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus using extruded diets. Ingredients included Special Select™ menhaden meal, fishery processing by-product (Montlake meal), NuPro® yeast extract, canola Protein concentrate, corn Protein concentrate, Barley Protein concentrate and Spirulina. Digestibility values were determined when fish were held at 3 and 28 g L−1 salinity to determine the effect of salinity on digestibility. With the exception of the canola Protein concentrate, the coefficients were numerically higher in pompano held at 28 g L−1. No significant differences were detected for apparent crude Protein or apparent energy digestibility between the two salinities. Amino acids were highly available from the two marine-based ingredients and the Barley and canola concentrates. The availability of alanine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine was significantly higher (P
-
Evaluation of Barley Protein concentrate and fish Protein concentrate, made from trimmings, as sustainable ingredients in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) feeds
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: J.g. Bell, Frederic T. Barrows, Fiona Strachan, William Roy, Chessor Matthew, P. Mcdonald, Matthew SpragueAbstract:Barley Protein concentrate (BPC) was tested as a Protein source in the diets of Atlantic salmon post-smolts. Fish were fed one of four experimental diets consisting of a fish meal/soya Protein concentrate control (CT) along with two feeds supplemented with increasing levels of BPC replacing the more costly SPC. A fourth diet partially replaced FM in the high BPC diet with a liquid fish Protein concentrate (FPC) made from fish trimmings. No significant differences were observed in terms of growth at the end of the 12-week feeding period, although the Protein efficiency ratio (g gain g−1 Protein consumed) was significantly lower for the control compared to fish fed diets containing either BPC only or FPC and BPC. This suggests that diets containing BPC had a beneficial effect when compared to the control diet. Furthermore, the lack of any detriment to fish growth in diets containing BPC suggests there are no significant issues regarding any negative effects of potential antinutritional factors which can otherwise be the case with other plant origin products. The data presented in this study indicate that BPC and FPC are products which could be of benefit to salmon culture, and related species, in providing a valuable new raw material to the industry.
-
Growth of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, Fed Diets Containing Barley Protein Concentrate
Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 2013Co-Authors: Gary S. Burr, Frederic T. Barrows, William R. WoltersAbstract:A 16-week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Atlantic salmon (123 g/fish initial weight) to determine the effects of adding either 11% or 22% Barley Protein concentrate (BPC) to the diet compared to salmon fed a reference diet (0% BPC) containing mostly fishmeal. The fish were stocked into twelve 0.264 m3 tanks, providing 40 fish per tank with an average density of 18.55 kg/m3. Temperature was maintained at ˜12°C and salinity at ˜2 ppt using ground water during the study. There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (0.62 basal, 0.60 11% BPC, 0.72 22% BPC), feed conversion (1.06, 1.37, 1.09), weight gain (124.3 g, 113.5 g, 155.3 g), proximate composition of the salmon for lipid (8.4%, 7.8%, 9.8%), Protein (17.3%, 17.1%, 18.6%), moisture (71.4%, 72.3%, 69.4%), and ash (6.5%, 6.1%, 6.9%) among any of the treatment groups. Salmon fed the diet containing 22% Barley Protein concentrate, however, had significantly greater energy retention (34%) compared to the fish fed the other diets (2...
-
Sodium diformate and extrusion temperature affect nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets with fish meal and Barley Protein concentrate for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Aquaculture, 2011Co-Authors: T. Morken, Frederic T. Barrows, Olav Fjeld Kraugerud, Mette Sørensen, Trond Storebakken, Margareth ØverlandAbstract:Abstract The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of ingredient, extrusion temperature, and the conjugated acid salt sodium diformate (HCOOH··HCOO-Na; NaDF) on apparent nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets for rainbow trout. The experiment had a 2 3 factorial design with two dietary ingredient sources (fish meal [FM] and Barley Protein concentrate [BPC]), two extruder temperatures (110 and 141 °C), and two levels of NaDF supplementation (0 and 10.6 g kg − 1 ). The results from the digestibility trial showed that inclusion of BPC significantly increased the digestibility of crude Protein and several non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), but significantly reduced the digestibility of crude lipid, starch, and all essential amino acids (EAAs). Extrusion at 141 °C significantly increased the digestibility of starch, crude Protein, arginine, and several NEAAs, but significantly reduced the digestibility of phenylalanine compared to extrusion at 110 °C. Addition of NaDF significantly increased the digestibility of most major nutrients and individual amino acids. Diets with BPC had significantly higher hardness, expansion ratio, and durability, but significantly lower water stability compared to diets based on FM. Extrusion temperature only affected pellet durability, which was significantly higher for the highest temperature. Addition of NaDF to diets significantly increased the expansion ratio, durability, and water stability compared to diets without NaDF. This experiment showed that BPC is a promising alternative Protein source to FM with regard to nutrient digestibility and physical quality of extruded diets. The use of high extrusion temperature (141 °C) and inclusion of NaDF improved both nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets for rainbow trout.
-
Apparent digestibility of macro‐nutrients and phosphorus in plant‐derived ingredients for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Gary S. Burr, Frederic T. Barrows, G. Gaylord, William R. WoltersAbstract:Alternative Protein sources for aquafeeds need to be indentified in order to increase the efficiency of production. Many studies have examined terrestrial plant meals/Protein concentrates as alternatives. Recently the focus has turned to aquatic protists and plants as well as by-products from other industries, such as breweries. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, were fed diets containing canola meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, soy Protein concentrate, Barley Protein concentrate, and solar dried algae included at 30% of the test diet. Barley Protein concentrate had the highest apparent Protein digestibility values for both species (96.3% for Atlantic salmon and 85.1% for Arctic charr), followed by corn gluten meal. Algae had the highest organic matter digestibility value for arctic charr (80.1%) while corn gluten meal had the highest organic matter digestibility value for Atlantic salmon (88.4%). Algae had a high energy apparent digestibility coefficient (82.4 salmon, 82.7 charr) along with corn gluten meal (78.5 salmon, 82.7 charr) for both species. In general, Atlantic salmon had higher apparent digestibility coefficients compared to Arctic charr for most of the tested ingredients. Both corn gluten and Barley Protein concentrate appear good candidates as alternative Protein sources with both species.
Lingyun Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Intestinal uptake of Barley Protein-based nanoparticles for β-carotene delivery
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2019Co-Authors: Guangyu Liu, Ying Zhou, Lingyun ChenAbstract:Abstract Our previous study introduced a Barley Protein microparticle for encapsulation of hydrophobic drug/nutraceutical, which could release nanoparticles upon gastric digestion and deliver encapsulated compound to a simulated intestinal environment intact. This work focused on evaluating the potential of liberated nanoparticles to improve the absorption of encapsulated compounds (e.g., β-carotene) using in vitro Caco-2 cell and ex vivo small intestine models. Nanoparticles obtained from gastric digestion of Barley Protein microparticles had a spherical shape and an average size of 351 nm. Nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells and their cellular uptake was dependent on time, concentration and temperature. In a Caco-2 cell monolayer model, significantly greater uptake and transport of β-carotene were observed when it was delivered by nanoparticles (15%), compared to free β-carotene suspension (2.6%). In an ex vivo rat jejunum model, nanoparticles showed the capacity to retain in small intestinal tissue. Approximately 2.24 and 6.04 μg nanoparticle were able to permeate through each cm2 intestinal tissue and translocate to the serosal side after 60 and 90 min, respectively. Results from this study demonstrated the absorption improving effect of the Barley Protein nanoparticles and suggested their potential as vehicles for hydrophobic compounds.
-
biophysical and in vitro absorption studies of iron chelating peptide from Barley Proteins
Journal of Functional Foods, 2016Co-Authors: Ewelina Eckert, Larry D Unsworth, Lei Lu, Lingyun Chen, Renyi XuAbstract:Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used to study the interaction between Fe2+ and the heptapeptide (SVNVPLY) from Barley Protein hydrolysate under physiological pH. The peptide showed an ability to form complexes with Fe2+ spontaneously, with a binding constant reaching 107 L mol−1. Two peptide binding sites were identified and amino acid residues like Leu, Val, Pro and Tyr have been recognized as critical for iron coordination. The capacity for the heptapeptide and its shorter tripeptide analogue (VPL) to improve iron absorption was studied in vitro using Caco-2 cells. The cell uptake increased 4 times for the Fe2+–SVNVPLY complex after pepsin–pancreatin digestion compared to the iron sulfate salt. The ferritin formation in the Caco-2 cells was also significantly enhanced when iron was chelated to the peptides. This research suggests a potential application of Barley peptides as dietary supplements to improve iron absorption.
-
Interfacial rheological and wetting properties of deamidated Barley Proteins
Food Hydrocolloids, 2015Co-Authors: Weina Zhang, Lingyun Chen, Prashant R. Waghmare, Sushanta K. MitraAbstract:The goal of the present study is to provide a detailed description of rheological and wetting properties of Barley Protein and establish a linkage between these properties and the Protein structure. In order to achieve this goal, we first measure the interfacial properties, including interfacial tension and interfacial rheology (viscous modulus and elastic modulus). Secondly, we investigate the secondary structural changes of the deamidated Barley Protein and hydrolysates through FTIR. Thirdly, we measure molecular weight by using HPLC. Finally, we determine the wetting properties with dynamic contact angle measurements. The solubility of Barley Protein can be greatly enhanced by applying deamidation process. After deamidation, more flexible secondary structures are detected through FTIR analysis. These changes in secondary structure are reflected in interfacial properties. The interfacial Protein concentration and rheological properties of Protein samples are determined by interfacial tension measurement. The equilibrium interfacial tension and contact angle for Protein solution decrease as the concentration of Protein increases. The deamidated Protein with large molecular weight parts shows the highest elastic modulus, while hydrolysates with low molecular weight shows the highest viscous modulus. The results also indicate that deamidated Protein forms more stable film at interface compared to the low molecular hydrolysates.
-
Preparation and characterization of antimicrobial cationized peptides from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Proteins
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Fatemeh Bamdad, Xu Sun, Le Luo Guan, Lingyun ChenAbstract:Abstract In the current study Barley Protein hydrolysate was cationized using polyethyleneimine and the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the modified peptides were investigated. Degree of substitution and zeta potential analysis verified the high proportion of positively charged components. Antimicrobial assay showed that cationized peptides effectively inhibited non-beneficial bacterial growth ( Escherichia coli JM109 and Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 4698)) at low concentration (98–195 μg/mL), while higher concentration levels (390–1560 μg/mL) were required to inhibit the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria ( Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272) and Lactococcus lactis MG 1363). Structural studies revealed the unordered open structures as the major structural elements of cationized peptides which resulted in conformational flexibility. Highly exposed hydrophobic segments accompanied by the chain flexibility could positively contribute to adsorption and penetration of cationized peptides into bacterial membrane. These unique structural characteristics of Barley Proteins in combination with positively charged side chains confer potential antimicrobial activity to Barley-derived peptides which can be applied to enhance the shelf life stability of food, feed and other products.
-
Elaboration and characterization of Barley Protein nanoparticles as an oral delivery system for lipophilic bioactive compounds
Food Funct., 2014Co-Authors: Jingqi Yang, Ying Zhou, Lingyun ChenAbstract:This is the first report in which Barley Protein nanoparticles were prepared with the aim of developing a delivery system for lipophilic bioactive compounds at ambient temperature using high pressure homogenization. No organic solvents or crosslinking reagents were involved in the nanoparticle preparation. Effects of processing conditions and formulae on particle size and size distribution were investigated. Optimal nanoparticles with regular spherical shape, small size (90–150 nm) and narrow size distribution (PDI < 0.3) could be achieved at a Protein weight concentration of up to 5% when the oil/Protein ratio was maintained within a range of 1 to 1.5. These nanoparticles exhibited high zeta-potential (about −35 mV), high payload (51.4–54.5%) and good stability without the use of surfactants. As shown by the release test, though the bulk Protein matrices of nanoparticles were degraded in the simulated gastric tract, even smaller nanoparticles were released and bioactive compounds were protected by a layer of Barley Protein. Then, complete release occurred in the simulated intestinal environments due to pancreatin degradation. In vitro studies showed that Barley Protein nanoparticles are relatively safe and could be internalized by Caco-2 cells and accumulated in the cytoplasm.
M.e. Barnes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Performance and immunological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed bioprocessed plant‐based Proteins
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Timothy J Bruce, Scott Sindelar, J.m. Voorhees, Michael L. Brown, M.e. BarnesAbstract:Marine-derived fish meal (FM) is a traditional component of commercial aquaculture feeds for many farmed fish species. Modern bioprocessing technologies have been developed to produce high-Protein plant-based ingredients for aquafeeds to further reduce FM and other conventional animal Protein sources. A 90-day feeding trial using juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (27.9 ± 1.4 g; mean ± SE) was completed to evaluate growth, feed efficiency, general health and immunological responses to diets containing experimental plant-based Protein sources and reduced FM. Trout were fed one of four dietary treatments: experimental bioprocessed soy Protein concentrate (BSPC), commercially available enzymatically hydrolysed soy Protein concentrate (CSPC), experimental bioprocessed Barley Protein concentrate (BBPC) and a FM control (FMC). At trial termination, there were no significant differences in relative growth (RG) or specific growth rate (SGR) between fish fed either FMC or BSPC (p > .05). Fish fed either CSPC or BBPC resulted in significantly lower RG and SGR than the FMC (p
William R. Wolters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Growth of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, Fed Diets Containing Barley Protein Concentrate
Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 2013Co-Authors: Gary S. Burr, Frederic T. Barrows, William R. WoltersAbstract:A 16-week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Atlantic salmon (123 g/fish initial weight) to determine the effects of adding either 11% or 22% Barley Protein concentrate (BPC) to the diet compared to salmon fed a reference diet (0% BPC) containing mostly fishmeal. The fish were stocked into twelve 0.264 m3 tanks, providing 40 fish per tank with an average density of 18.55 kg/m3. Temperature was maintained at ˜12°C and salinity at ˜2 ppt using ground water during the study. There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (0.62 basal, 0.60 11% BPC, 0.72 22% BPC), feed conversion (1.06, 1.37, 1.09), weight gain (124.3 g, 113.5 g, 155.3 g), proximate composition of the salmon for lipid (8.4%, 7.8%, 9.8%), Protein (17.3%, 17.1%, 18.6%), moisture (71.4%, 72.3%, 69.4%), and ash (6.5%, 6.1%, 6.9%) among any of the treatment groups. Salmon fed the diet containing 22% Barley Protein concentrate, however, had significantly greater energy retention (34%) compared to the fish fed the other diets (2...
-
Apparent digestibility of macro‐nutrients and phosphorus in plant‐derived ingredients for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Gary S. Burr, Frederic T. Barrows, G. Gaylord, William R. WoltersAbstract:Alternative Protein sources for aquafeeds need to be indentified in order to increase the efficiency of production. Many studies have examined terrestrial plant meals/Protein concentrates as alternatives. Recently the focus has turned to aquatic protists and plants as well as by-products from other industries, such as breweries. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, were fed diets containing canola meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, soy Protein concentrate, Barley Protein concentrate, and solar dried algae included at 30% of the test diet. Barley Protein concentrate had the highest apparent Protein digestibility values for both species (96.3% for Atlantic salmon and 85.1% for Arctic charr), followed by corn gluten meal. Algae had the highest organic matter digestibility value for arctic charr (80.1%) while corn gluten meal had the highest organic matter digestibility value for Atlantic salmon (88.4%). Algae had a high energy apparent digestibility coefficient (82.4 salmon, 82.7 charr) along with corn gluten meal (78.5 salmon, 82.7 charr) for both species. In general, Atlantic salmon had higher apparent digestibility coefficients compared to Arctic charr for most of the tested ingredients. Both corn gluten and Barley Protein concentrate appear good candidates as alternative Protein sources with both species.