The Experts below are selected from a list of 113133 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Marek Domanski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spatio temporal scalability using modified mpeg 2 predictive video coding
    European Signal Processing Conference, 2000
    Co-Authors: Adam Luczak, Slawomir Mackowiak, Marek Domanski
    Abstract:

    The paper describes spatio-temporally scalable MPEG video coders proposed. Such an encoder produces two bitstreams: Base Layer bitstream which represents a video sequence with low spatial and temporal resolution and an enhancement Layer bitstream which provides additional data needed for reproduction of pictures with full resolution and full temporal frequency. The bitrate overhead measured relative to the single Layer MPEG-2 bitstream varies between 2% and 22% for progressive television test sequences. The Base Layer bitstream constitutes 34–40% of the overall bitstream. The Base Layer encoder is fully compatible with the MPEG-2 video coding standard. The enhancement Layer encoder is a modified version of that used by MPEG-2 for spatial scalability.

Adam Luczak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spatio temporal scalability using modified mpeg 2 predictive video coding
    European Signal Processing Conference, 2000
    Co-Authors: Adam Luczak, Slawomir Mackowiak, Marek Domanski
    Abstract:

    The paper describes spatio-temporally scalable MPEG video coders proposed. Such an encoder produces two bitstreams: Base Layer bitstream which represents a video sequence with low spatial and temporal resolution and an enhancement Layer bitstream which provides additional data needed for reproduction of pictures with full resolution and full temporal frequency. The bitrate overhead measured relative to the single Layer MPEG-2 bitstream varies between 2% and 22% for progressive television test sequences. The Base Layer bitstream constitutes 34–40% of the overall bitstream. The Base Layer encoder is fully compatible with the MPEG-2 video coding standard. The enhancement Layer encoder is a modified version of that used by MPEG-2 for spatial scalability.

Wiah Wardiningsih - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Stephen J Trueman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The growth and health of street trees planted in permeable pavements
    Acta Horticulturae, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Mullaney, Stephen J Trueman, Terry Lucke, S Hosseini Bai
    Abstract:

    The growth and health of street trees can be limited by the amount of water available under impervious urban surfaces. Two approaches for improving the growth of street trees are the installation of permeable pavements, which allow water to infiltrate through the pavement surface and into the soil, and the integration of underlying Base Layers to increase the water storage capacity of the pavement system. Permeable pavements with varying depths (0, 100 or 300 mm) of underlying Base Layer were tested to determine whether they affected the trunk diameter, height and canopy area of broad-leaf paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) trees in two soil types, sand and clay. Control trees were planted within conventional asphaltic concrete pavements without a Base Layer. We found that the pavement treatment effects depended on the soil type. In sandy soil, trunk diameter growth was greatest when permeable pavements were installed without a Base Layer. However, in clay soil, trunk diameter growth, height growth and canopy area were greatest when permeable pavements were installed with a 300-mm deep Base Layer. This study demonstrates that inclusion of a deep Base Layer may be important for maximising street tree growth when permeable pavements are installed over poorly draining soils.; ;

  • The effect of permeable pavements with an underlying Base Layer on the growth and nutrient status of urban trees
    Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Mullaney, Terry Lucke, Stephen J Trueman
    Abstract:

    Abstract Trees in urban areas increase the liveability of towns and cities but street tree growth can be constrained by the limited soil volume available for root growth and by reduced water and nutrient availability under impervious urban surfaces. An approach to improve the growth and health of street trees is the installation of permeable pavements. This study assessed whether permeable pavements with varying depths (0, 100 or 300 mm) of an underlying Base Layer affected soil moisture, soil temperature, tree growth and leaf nutrient status when broad-leaf paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) trees were planted in two soil types, sand and clay. Permeable pavements increased moisture levels in drier sandy soil but decreased moisture levels in wetter clay soil after rainfall, with the stabilising effect of the permeable pavement on moisture levels being related to the depth of the underlying Base Layer. Permeable pavements and their Base Layers also had moderating effects on soil temperature. Permeable pavement with a deep drainage Layer (300 mm) increased trunk diameter growth by 55%, although growth was only increased when trees were planted in clay. Permeable pavements with a shallower drainage Layer (0 or 100 mm) did not affect tree growth compared with trees in control asphalt pavements. However, permeable pavements without a drainage Layer reduced tree height growth in clay soil by 37 to 38% compared with pavements with a 100 mm or 300 mm drainage Layer. In contrast, permeable pavements without a drainage Layer increased trunk diameter growth in sandy soil by 65% compared with permeable pavement with a 100 mm drainage Layer. Leaf nutrient concentrations were often unaffected by pavement design but differences in growth between treatments were associated with differences in the concentrations of some nutrients including K, Mg and S. This study demonstrated that inclusion of underlying Base Layers is important for tree growth when permeable pavements are installed on poorly-draining soils. Inclusion of a Base Layer may not be optimal for tree growth when permeable pavements are installed over freely-draining soils.

Hyung Joon Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Base Layer motion estimation with limited enhancement Layer search window for hardware h 264 svc encoder
    International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012
    Co-Authors: Do-kyoung Kwon, Hyung Joon Kim
    Abstract:

    In the hardware design of ME, memory bandwidth and on-chip memory size are major constraints to be considered, especially for mobile video encoder, so as to reduce power consumption and area. In a spatial scalable video encoder, with limited memory bandwidth and on-chip memory size to fetch and store reference frames, the search window for enhancement Layer (EL) becomes relatively smaller than that of Base Layer (BL). However, the smaller search window in EL causes quality loss because scaled Base-Layer MVs may not be inside it and therefore inter-Layer prediction cannot be fully exploited. To address this issue in the hardware H.264/SVC encoder, the Base-Layer ME with a new MV cost is proposed in this work. The proposed method can improve the coding efficiency of EL up to around 17 % at the cost of marginal BL quality and trade off the qualities of BL and EL.

  • ISCAS - Base-Layer motion estimation with limited enhancement-Layer search window for hardware H.264/SVC encoder
    2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012
    Co-Authors: Do-kyoung Kwon, Hyung Joon Kim
    Abstract:

    In the hardware design of ME, memory bandwidth and on-chip memory size are major constraints to be considered, especially for mobile video encoder, so as to reduce power consumption and area. In a spatial scalable video encoder, with limited memory bandwidth and on-chip memory size to fetch and store reference frames, the search window for enhancement Layer (EL) becomes relatively smaller than that of Base Layer (BL). However, the smaller search window in EL causes quality loss because scaled Base-Layer MVs may not be inside it and therefore inter-Layer prediction cannot be fully exploited. To address this issue in the hardware H.264/SVC encoder, the Base-Layer ME with a new MV cost is proposed in this work. The proposed method can improve the coding efficiency of EL up to around 17 % at the cost of marginal BL quality and trade off the qualities of BL and EL.