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Lynne Boddy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fungus wars Basidiomycete battles in wood decay
Studies in Mycology, 2018Co-Authors: J. Hiscox, Jade Oleary, Lynne BoddyAbstract:Understanding the mechanisms underlying wood decay Basidiomycete community dynamics is crucial for fully understanding decomposition processes, and for modelling ecosystem function and resilience to environmental change. Competition drives community development in decaying woody resources, with interactions occurring at a distance, following physical contact, and through specialised relationships such as mycoparasitism. Outcomes of combative interactions range from replacement, where one mycelium displaces another, to deadlock, where neither combatant captures territory from the other; and a spectrum of intermediate outcomes (i.e. partial or mutual replacement) lie between these extremes. Many wood decay Basidiomycetes coexist within a resource, in a complex and dynamic community, and new research techniques are focussing on spatial orientation of interactions in 3 dimensions, as opposed to historical two-dimensional research. Not only do interactions drive changes in species composition and thus wood decomposition rate, they also may have industrial applications in biocontrol of pathogenic or nuisance fungi, enzyme production, and in the production of novel antifungals and antibiotics. Altogether, fungal interactions are a fascinating and important field of study.
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species specific effects of grazing invertebrates on mycelial emergence and growth from woody resources into soil
Fungal Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas W Crowther, Hefin T Jones, Lynne BoddyAbstract:Extensive studies on the grazing of young Basidiomycete mycelial systems by invertebrates have revealed effects on extension rate, hyphal coverage and fractal geometry. To date, no studies have compared the grazing effects of different invertebrates on the ability of fungi to emerge from wood and establish mycelial systems in soil. Here, the effects of six soil invertebrate taxa on mycelial emergence and subsequent development of six Basidiomycetes were compared. Woodlouse (Oniscus asellus), millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus), oribatid mite (Euzetes globulus), collembola (Folsomia candida), enchytraeid (Enchytraeus crypticus) and nematode (Panagrellus redivivus) populations were allowed to graze Phanerochaete velutina, Resinicium bicolor, Phallus impudicus and three different isolates of Hypholoma fasciculare mycelia as they emerged from beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood-inocula in 2-dimensional soil-tray microcosms. Impacts varied between invertebrate taxa, ranging from woodlice which affected mycelial development of all fungal isolates and completely prevented mycelial growth in two fungal species, to mites and enchytraeids which had no discernable effect on any of the fungi. Grazing impacts also varied between and within fungal species. Wood decay rates were affected with implications for nutrient mineralisation and decomposition.
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saprotrophic Basidiomycete mycelia and their interspecific interactions affect the spatial distribution of extracellular enzymes in soil
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Petra Dobiasova, Tomas Větrovský, Vendula Valaskova, Alaa Alawi, Lynne BoddyAbstract:Saprotrophic cord-forming Basidiomycetes are important decomposers of lignocellulosic substrates in soil. The production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes was studied during the growth of two saprotrophic Basidiomycetes, Hypholoma fasciculare and Phanerochaete velutina, across the surface of nonsterile soil microcosms, along with the effects of these Basidiomycetes on fungi and bacteria within the soil. Higher activities of -glucosidase, β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase, but not of arylsulphatase, were recorded beneath the mycelia. Despite the fact that H. fasciculare, with exploitative hyphal growth, produced much denser hyphal cover on the soil surface than P. velutina, with explorative growth, both fungi produced similar amounts of extracellular enzymes. In the areas where the mycelia of H. fasciculare and P. velutina interacted, the activities of N-acetylglucosaminidase, -glucosidase and phosphomonoesterase, the enzymes potentially involved in hyphal cell wall damage, and the utilization of compounds released from damaged hyphae of interacting fungi, were particularly increased. No significant differences in fungal biomass were observed between Basidiomycete-colonized and noncolonized soil, but bacterial biomass was reduced in soil with H. fasciculare. The increases in the activities of β-xylosidase, β-glucosidase, phosphomonoesterase and cellobiohydrolase with increasing fungal : bacterial biomass ratio indicate the positive effects of fungal enzymes on nutrient release and bacterial abundance, which is reflected in the positive correlation of bacterial and fungal biomass content.
Khajamohiddin Syed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome-Wide Annotation and Comparative Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases in Basidiomycete Biotrophic Plant Pathogens
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Lehlohonolo Benedict Qhanya, Samson Sitheni Mashele, Wanping Chen, Mohammad Parvez, Godfrey R. Matowane, Yuxin Sun, Elizabeth Mpholoseng Letsimo, Khajamohiddin SyedAbstract:Fungi are an exceptional source of diverse and novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, with catalytic versatility. Agaricomycotina saprophytes have yielded most of the available information on Basidiomycete P450s. This resulted in observing similar P450 family types in Basidiomycetes with few differences in P450 families among Agaricomycotina saprophytes. The present study demonstrated the presence of unique P450 family patterns in Basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens that could possibly have originated from the adaptation of these species to different ecological niches (host influence). Systematic analysis of P450s in Basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens belonging to three different orders, Agaricomycotina (Armillaria mellea), Pucciniomycotina (Melampsora laricis-populina, M. lini, Mixia osmundae and Puccinia graminis) and Ustilaginomycotina (Ustilago maydis, Sporisorium reilianum and Tilletiaria anomala), revealed the presence of numerous putative P450s ranging from 267 (A. mellea) to 14 (M. osmundae). Analysis of P450 families revealed the presence of 41 new P450 families and 27 new P450 subfamilies in these biotrophic plant pathogens. Order-level comparison of P450 families between biotrophic plant pathogens revealed the presence of unique P450 family patterns in these organisms, possibly reflecting the characteristics of their order. Further comparison of P450 families with Basidiomycete non-pathogens confirmed that biotrophic plant pathogens harbour the unique P450 families in their genomes. The CYP63, CYP5037, CYP5136, CYP5137 and CYP5341 P450 families were expanded in A. mellea when compared to other Agaricomycotina saprophytes and the CYP5221 and CYP5233 P450 families in P. graminis and M. laricis-populina. The present study revealed that expansion of these P450 families is due to paralogous evolution of member P450s. The presence of unique P450 families in these organisms serves as evidence of how a host/ecological niche can influence shaping the P450 content of an organism. The present study initiates our understanding of P450 family patterns in Basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens.
Lehlohonolo Benedict Qhanya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome-Wide Annotation and Comparative Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases in Basidiomycete Biotrophic Plant Pathogens
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Lehlohonolo Benedict Qhanya, Samson Sitheni Mashele, Wanping Chen, Mohammad Parvez, Godfrey R. Matowane, Yuxin Sun, Elizabeth Mpholoseng Letsimo, Khajamohiddin SyedAbstract:Fungi are an exceptional source of diverse and novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, with catalytic versatility. Agaricomycotina saprophytes have yielded most of the available information on Basidiomycete P450s. This resulted in observing similar P450 family types in Basidiomycetes with few differences in P450 families among Agaricomycotina saprophytes. The present study demonstrated the presence of unique P450 family patterns in Basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens that could possibly have originated from the adaptation of these species to different ecological niches (host influence). Systematic analysis of P450s in Basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens belonging to three different orders, Agaricomycotina (Armillaria mellea), Pucciniomycotina (Melampsora laricis-populina, M. lini, Mixia osmundae and Puccinia graminis) and Ustilaginomycotina (Ustilago maydis, Sporisorium reilianum and Tilletiaria anomala), revealed the presence of numerous putative P450s ranging from 267 (A. mellea) to 14 (M. osmundae). Analysis of P450 families revealed the presence of 41 new P450 families and 27 new P450 subfamilies in these biotrophic plant pathogens. Order-level comparison of P450 families between biotrophic plant pathogens revealed the presence of unique P450 family patterns in these organisms, possibly reflecting the characteristics of their order. Further comparison of P450 families with Basidiomycete non-pathogens confirmed that biotrophic plant pathogens harbour the unique P450 families in their genomes. The CYP63, CYP5037, CYP5136, CYP5137 and CYP5341 P450 families were expanded in A. mellea when compared to other Agaricomycotina saprophytes and the CYP5221 and CYP5233 P450 families in P. graminis and M. laricis-populina. The present study revealed that expansion of these P450 families is due to paralogous evolution of member P450s. The presence of unique P450 families in these organisms serves as evidence of how a host/ecological niche can influence shaping the P450 content of an organism. The present study initiates our understanding of P450 family patterns in Basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens.
Miettinen Otto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome sequencing of Rigidoporus microporus provides insights on genes important for wood decay, latex tolerance and interspecific fungal interactions
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Oghenekaro, Abbot O., Martínez, Ángel T., Gressler Markus, Kovalchuk Andriy, Raffaello Tommaso, Camarero Susana, Henrissat Bernard, Lee Juna, Liu Mengxia, Miettinen OttoAbstract:Fungal plant pathogens remain a serious threat to the sustainable agriculture and forestry, despite the extensive efforts undertaken to control their spread. White root rot disease is threatening rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations throughout South and Southeast Asia and Western Africa, causing tree mortality and severe yield losses. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the Basidiomycete fungus Rigidoporus microporus, a causative agent of the disease. Our phylogenetic analysis confirmed the position of R. microporus among the members of Hymenochaetales, an understudied group of Basidiomycetes. Our analysis further identified pathogen’s genes with a predicted role in the decay of plant cell wall polymers, in the utilization of latex components and in interspecific interactions between the pathogen and other fungi. We also detected putative horizontal gene transfer events in the genome of R. microporus. The reported first genome sequence of a tropical rubber tree pathogen R. microporus should contribute to the better understanding of how the fungus is able to facilitate wood decay and nutrient cycling as well as tolerate latex and utilize resinous extractives.Peer reviewe
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Genome sequencing of Rigidoporus microporus provides insights on genes important for wood decay, latex tolerance and interspecific fungal interactions.
eScholarship University of California, 2020Co-Authors: Oghenekaro, Abbot O., Martínez, Ángel T., Gressler Markus, Kovalchuk Andriy, Raffaello Tommaso, Camarero Susana, Henrissat Bernard, Lee Juna, Liu Mengxia, Miettinen OttoAbstract:Fungal plant pathogens remain a serious threat to the sustainable agriculture and forestry, despite the extensive efforts undertaken to control their spread. White root rot disease is threatening rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations throughout South and Southeast Asia and Western Africa, causing tree mortality and severe yield losses. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the Basidiomycete fungus Rigidoporus microporus, a causative agent of the disease. Our phylogenetic analysis confirmed the position of R. microporus among the members of Hymenochaetales, an understudied group of Basidiomycetes. Our analysis further identified pathogen's genes with a predicted role in the decay of plant cell wall polymers, in the utilization of latex components and in interspecific interactions between the pathogen and other fungi. We also detected putative horizontal gene transfer events in the genome of R. microporus. The reported first genome sequence of a tropical rubber tree pathogen R. microporus should contribute to the better understanding of how the fungus is able to facilitate wood decay and nutrient cycling as well as tolerate latex and utilize resinous extractives
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Genome sequencing of Rigidoporus microporus provides insights on genes important for wood decay, latex tolerance and interspecific fungal interactions
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Oghenekaro Abbot, Gressler Markus, Kovalchuk Andriy, Raffaello Tommaso, Camarero Susana, Henrissat Bernard, Lee Juna, Liu Mengxia, Martínez Angel, Miettinen OttoAbstract:International audienceFungal plant pathogens remain a serious threat to the sustainable agriculture and forestry, despite the extensive efforts undertaken to control their spread. White root rot disease is threatening rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations throughout South and Southeast Asia and Western Africa, causing tree mortality and severe yield losses. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the Basidiomycete fungus Rigidoporus microporus, a causative agent of the disease. Our phylogenetic analysis confirmed the position of R. microporus among the members of Hymenochaetales, an understudied group of Basidiomycetes. Our analysis further identified pathogen’s genes with a predicted role in the decay of plant cell wall polymers, in the utilization of latex components and in interspecific interactions between the pathogen and other fungi. We also detected putative horizontal gene transfer events in the genome of R. microporus. The reported first genome sequence of a tropical rubber tree pathogen R. microporus should contribute to the better understanding of how the fungus is able to facilitate wood decay and nutrient cycling as well as tolerate latex and utilize resinous extractives
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Genome sequencing of Rigidoporus microporus provides insights on genes important for wood decay, latex tolerance and interspecific fungal interactions
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Oghenekaro, Abbot O., Martínez, Ángel T., Gressler Markus, Kovalchuk Andriy, Raffaello Tommaso, Camarero Susana, Henrissat Bernard, Lee Juna, Liu Mengxia, Miettinen OttoAbstract:Correction: Scientific reports, vol. 10:1, art. 18199Fungal plant pathogens remain a serious threat to the sustainable agriculture and forestry, despite the extensive efforts undertaken to control their spread. White root rot disease is threatening rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations throughout South and Southeast Asia and Western Africa, causing tree mortality and severe yield losses. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the Basidiomycete fungus Rigidoporus microporus, a causative agent of the disease. Our phylogenetic analysis confirmed the position of R. microporus among the members of Hymenochaetales, an understudied group of Basidiomycetes. Our analysis further identified pathogen’s genes with a predicted role in the decay of plant cell wall polymers, in the utilization of latex components and in interspecific interactions between the pathogen and other fungi. We also detected putative horizontal gene transfer events in the genome of R. microporus. The reported first genome sequence of a tropical rubber tree pathogen R. microporus should contribute to the better understanding of how the fungus is able to facilitate wood decay and nutrient cycling as well as tolerate latex and utilize resinous extractives.Peer reviewe
Chuck Staben - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mating type in filamentous fungi
Annual Review of Genetics, 1997Co-Authors: James W Kronstad, Chuck StabenAbstract:Mating type genes regulate sexual compatibility and sexual reproduction in fungi. This review focuses on recent molecular analyses of well-characterized mating systems from representative ascomycete (Neurospora crassa, Podospora anserina) and Basidiomycete (Ustilago maydis, Coprinus cinereus, Schizophyllum commune) fungi. These mating systems include many conserved components, such as gene regulatory polypeptides and pheromone/receptor signal transduction cascades, as well as conserved processes, like self-nonself recognition and controlled nuclear migration. The components' structures and their genetic arrangements in the mating system vary greatly in different fungi. Although similar components and processes are also found in ascomycete yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe), the filamentous systems exhibit properties not encountered in yeast. Mating type genes act within, and control the development of, spatially differentiated fruiting bodies. The complex mating systems of Basidiomycetes, unlike ascomycete systems, involve novel one-to-many specificity in both pheromone-receptor and homeodomain protein interactions.