The Experts below are selected from a list of 171 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

R M Trueb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kip D Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the misuse of abuse restricting evidence of Battered Child Syndrome
    Law and contemporary problems, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kip D Nelson
    Abstract:

    "We must not allow our abhorrence of an act to become the abhorrence of conscious and deliberate thought and observation in connection with Child abuse." (1) INTRODUCTION The line between medicine and law has never been exactly bright. Yet when physical violence occurs, it naturally implicates both disciplines. This interdisciplinary blend is particularly evident in the case of Child abuse. Thus, as Child abuse became a recognized phenomenon in medical science, it also became a subject of criminal prosecution. As the scientific definition of Child abuse has expanded, so has its importance in the legal arena. Battered Child Syndrome (BCS), which was originally intended to be a helpful tool for physicians, has evolved into a cunning instrument for prosecutors and a clever trump card for parricide defendants. Since 1962, doctors have been researching Child abuse in the form of BCS. More recently, over the past few decades, both Child abuse prosecutors and homicide defendants have sought to introduce evidence of the Syndrome into the courts. Because of these two distinct and conflicting forms, one might ask, "[W]hich use of Battered Child Syndrome do you believe? Many courts have still not figured this out." (2) Medical and mental health professionals generally use BCS as a shorthand description of serious abuse. Children who are intentionally harmed by their caretakers are labeled Battered Children. (3) Injuries that may fall within BCS range from minor bruises to fatal skull fractures. (4) Furthermore, the broad Syndrome may also be defined to include the profound psychological effects of abuse. (5) In order to determine the intentionality of the injuries, the repetitive nature of Child abuse is often a particularly important aspect of BCS. (6) However, the original definition of the Syndrome has not been closely adhered to in all cases. Thus, for all the good it can do, the introduction of BCS evidence in some cases is also rife with peril. As one student commentator described it, BCS evidence "is a weapon capable of mischief." (7) In particular, when BCS is used by prosecutors to mask otherwise impermissible and prejudicial character evidence and by defense attorneys as a justification for homicide, one should worry about its admissibility into the judicial system. In these cases, lawyers have improperly shifted the focus of BCS from the abused Child to the person who is alleged to have caused the abuse. Because prosecutors and defense attorneys are distorting BCS and obfuscating its role in medicine, judges should take care to limit testimony regarding BCS to facts about the abuse itself rather than the abuser. II THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE Battered Child Syndrome Child abuse has occurred everywhere for centuries, albeit under different levels of approval. (8) In the West, philosophers such as Aristotle suggested that killing defective Children was wise, and Roman law gave fathers ultimate command over their Children, including control over life and death. (9) Parents in the eighteenth century went so far as to maim their Children so that they could become lucrative beggars or circus exhibits. (10) Even into the twentieth century, Child abuse was generally an unrecognized trauma. (11) In 1962, Dr. C. Henry Kempe and his colleagues published a seminal article on Child abuse and introduced the term "Battered Child Syndrome." (12) Kempe used the term to describe "a clinical condition in young Children who have received serious physical abuse, generally from a parent or foster parent." (13) Kempe recognized physicians' reluctance to consider abuse as the cause of a Child's injuries. (14) But he admonished them that "[t]o the informed physician, the bones tell a story the Child is too young or too frightened to tell." (15) Based on this recognition, Kempe argued that "the physician's duty and responsibility to the Child requires a full evaluation of the problem and a guarantee that the expected repetition of trauma will not be permitted to occur. …

Jorge Tellez Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Battered Child Syndrome with stomatological repercussions case report
    Revista Odontológica Mexicana, 2016
    Co-Authors: Luis Raziel Martagon Cabrera, Francisco Belmont Laguna, Eduardo De La Teja Angeles, Jorge Tellez Rodriguez
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Battered Child Syndrome is defi ned as all forms of violence, prejudice or physical and mental abuse, carelessness or neglect infl icted on the Child while under the care of his parents, tutors or any other person exerting physical and/or intellectual superiority. In over 50% of all cases lesions are found in the head and neck area. For that reason, dentists, especially pediatric dentists, must be aware to recognize all sorts of battering or neglect based on a suitably-taken clinical history, and focused exploration when suspicion of Battered Child Syndrome is established. Objective: To be knowledgeable with BCS intra- and extra-oral indicators which might allow the pediatric dentist to recognize signs and contribute in the diagnosis as part of a multi-disciplinary team in charge of providing care to this type of patients. Clinical case: A two year, fi ve month old male patient was brought to the National Pediatrics Institute affl icted with peri-orbital edema, multiple limb fractures and oral-facial indicators which suggested Battered Child Syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the frequency with which oral and facial structures are involved in Battered Child Syndrome cases there is a medical, ethical and legal commitment for all dentists and specifi cally pediatric dentists, to intervene in prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of this medical and social problem.

  • sindrome de nino maltratado con repercusion estomatologica reporte de un caso Battered Child Syndrome with stomatological repercussions case report
    2016
    Co-Authors: Luis Raziel Martagon Cabrera, Francisco Belmont Laguna, Jorge Tellez Rodriguez
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Battered Child Syndrome is defi ned as all forms of violence, prejudice or physical and mental abuse, carelessness or neglect infl icted on the Child while under the care of his parents, tutors or any other person exerting physical and/or intellectual superiority. In over 50% of all cases lesions are found in the head and neck area. For that reason, dentists, especially pediatric dentists, must be aware to recognize all sorts of battering or neglect based on a suitably-taken clinical history, and focused exploration when suspicion of BCS is established. Objective: To be knowledgeable with Battered Child Syndrome intra- and extra-oral indicators which might allow the pediatric dentist to recognize signs and contribute in the diagnosis as part of a multi-disciplinary team in charge of providing care to this type of patients. Clinical case: A two year, fi ve month old male patient was brought to the National Pediatrics Institute affl icted with peri-orbital edema, multiple limb fractures and oral-facial indicators which suggested Battered Child Syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the frequency with which oral and facial structures are involved in Battered Child Syndrome cases there is a medical, ethical and legal commitment for all dentists and specifi cally pediatric dentists, to intervene in prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of this medical and social problem. RESUMEN Introduccion: El sindrome de nino maltratado se defi ne como toda forma de violencia, perjuicio o abuso fisico o mental, descuido o trato negligente, mientras el nino se encuentra bajo el cuidado de sus padres, de un tutor o de cualquier otra persona en funcion de su superioridad fisica y/o intelectual. En mas del 50% de los casos las lesiones se presentan en cabeza, cara y cuello. Es por eso que el odontologo y especialmente el odontopediatra deben estar preparados para reconocer alguna forma de maltrato o negligencia con base en una historia clinica adecuada y una exploracion intencionada ante la sospecha de sindrome de nino maltratado. Objetivo: Conocer los indicadores intraorales y extraorales que le permitan al odontopediatra reconocer los signos y contribuir en el diagnostico como parte de un equipo multidisciplinario encargado de la atencion de estos pacientes. Caso clinico: Paciente masculino de dos anos cinco meses quien acude al Servicio de Urgencias del Instituto Nacional de Pediatria por presentar edema periorbitario, multiples fracturas en extremidades e indicadores orofaciales que permitieron diagnosticar sindrome de nino maltratado. Conclusion: Considerando la frecuencia con que las estructuras orofaciales se ven involucradas en el sindrome de nino maltratado, existe un compromiso medico, etico y legal para que todos los dentistas y especifi camente los odontopediatras intervengan en la prevencion, deteccion, diagnostico y tratamiento de este problema medico social.

Margaret T Mchugh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • from the Battered Child Syndrome to abuse and maltreatment a public health view
    International public health journal, 2016
    Co-Authors: Vincent J Palusci, Margaret T Mchugh
    Abstract:

    IntroductionIn the fifty years since the publication of C Henry Kempe's (1922-1984) landmark article, "The Battered Child Syndrome" (1), the subject of Child maltreatment has become a universal topic, not restricted to one community or to one type of provider. As the field has grown, professionals have had to broaden their intellectual and personal perspectives to not only identify maltreatment but also to provide interventions to prevent further abuse. The current goal of professionals dedicated to this field is primary prevention, to insure that Child abuse, like many infectious diseases of the past century, will be eradicated in the near future.While each state in the United States (US) defines Child maltreatment in its Child welfare and criminal statutes, broad definitions have been developed for the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (2) and by the World Health Organization (see Table 1). While Child abuse overall pertains to the variety of acts committed or omitted by parents or caretakers for Children, the quality of the parent-Child relationship and nurturing is often left out of state laws. In the broader sense, the WHO (3) adds qualitative definition and context to this relationship and the more broad nature of caring for Children.In the effort to allow diagnostic coding for physicians in medical systems and for medical examiners and coroners for state public health statutes, the International Classification of Disease Codes have been developed applicable to Child abuse and neglect. ICD-9 lists individual types as well as external modifiers related to perpetrator relationship ("E codes"). A revised set of codes (ICD-10) is increasingly being used (4), and comparisons of the two systems are listed in Table 2.EpidemiologyThe victimization of Children through abuse and neglect remains an all too common occurrence. In the United States, 1-2 per 1,000 Children are victimized by physical abuse each year, and young Children and infants have the highest rates. Maltreated Children suffer from a variety of behavior problems and mental disorders in addition to physical injuries (5, 6). The Adverse Childhood Experiences study has noted the powerful relationship between adverse Childhood experiences and several conditions of adulthood, including risk of suicide, alcoholism, depression, illicit drug use, and other lifestyle changes (7-9). While the exact pathways are still being explored, Childhood abuse is thought to affect adult health by putting people at risk for depression and posttraumatic stress disorders, difficulties in relationships, and negative beliefs and attitudes towards others through mechanisms of toxic stress (10-11).Two large administrative sources provide information about the U.S. annual incidence of Child maltreatment, the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and the National Incidence Studies of Child abuse and neglect (NIS). NCANDS contains aggregate and case-level data on Child abuse reports received by state Child Protective Service (CPS) agencies, and almost all US states and territories provide information annually about the outcomes of Child abuse reports, types of maltreatment, Child and family factors and services being provided (12). National estimates of the overall numbers of victims (substantiated or indicated CPS reports) as well as victims identified with physical and sexual abuse show decline over the 20+ years of nationally collected data in NCANDS (see Figure 1), following similar trends in other national crime statistics (12).In contrast, NIS samples sentinel counties to identify maltreatment under two standards: the harm standard (relatively stringent in that it generally requires that an act or omission result in demonstrable harm in order to be classified as abuse or neglect) and the endangerment standard (which allows Children who were not yet harmed by maltreatment to be counted if the CM was confirmed by CPS or identified as endangerment by professionals outside CPS, either by their parents or other adults) (13). …

Luis Raziel Martagon Cabrera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Battered Child Syndrome with stomatological repercussions case report
    Revista Odontológica Mexicana, 2016
    Co-Authors: Luis Raziel Martagon Cabrera, Francisco Belmont Laguna, Eduardo De La Teja Angeles, Jorge Tellez Rodriguez
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Battered Child Syndrome is defi ned as all forms of violence, prejudice or physical and mental abuse, carelessness or neglect infl icted on the Child while under the care of his parents, tutors or any other person exerting physical and/or intellectual superiority. In over 50% of all cases lesions are found in the head and neck area. For that reason, dentists, especially pediatric dentists, must be aware to recognize all sorts of battering or neglect based on a suitably-taken clinical history, and focused exploration when suspicion of Battered Child Syndrome is established. Objective: To be knowledgeable with BCS intra- and extra-oral indicators which might allow the pediatric dentist to recognize signs and contribute in the diagnosis as part of a multi-disciplinary team in charge of providing care to this type of patients. Clinical case: A two year, fi ve month old male patient was brought to the National Pediatrics Institute affl icted with peri-orbital edema, multiple limb fractures and oral-facial indicators which suggested Battered Child Syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the frequency with which oral and facial structures are involved in Battered Child Syndrome cases there is a medical, ethical and legal commitment for all dentists and specifi cally pediatric dentists, to intervene in prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of this medical and social problem.

  • sindrome de nino maltratado con repercusion estomatologica reporte de un caso Battered Child Syndrome with stomatological repercussions case report
    2016
    Co-Authors: Luis Raziel Martagon Cabrera, Francisco Belmont Laguna, Jorge Tellez Rodriguez
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Battered Child Syndrome is defi ned as all forms of violence, prejudice or physical and mental abuse, carelessness or neglect infl icted on the Child while under the care of his parents, tutors or any other person exerting physical and/or intellectual superiority. In over 50% of all cases lesions are found in the head and neck area. For that reason, dentists, especially pediatric dentists, must be aware to recognize all sorts of battering or neglect based on a suitably-taken clinical history, and focused exploration when suspicion of BCS is established. Objective: To be knowledgeable with Battered Child Syndrome intra- and extra-oral indicators which might allow the pediatric dentist to recognize signs and contribute in the diagnosis as part of a multi-disciplinary team in charge of providing care to this type of patients. Clinical case: A two year, fi ve month old male patient was brought to the National Pediatrics Institute affl icted with peri-orbital edema, multiple limb fractures and oral-facial indicators which suggested Battered Child Syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the frequency with which oral and facial structures are involved in Battered Child Syndrome cases there is a medical, ethical and legal commitment for all dentists and specifi cally pediatric dentists, to intervene in prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of this medical and social problem. RESUMEN Introduccion: El sindrome de nino maltratado se defi ne como toda forma de violencia, perjuicio o abuso fisico o mental, descuido o trato negligente, mientras el nino se encuentra bajo el cuidado de sus padres, de un tutor o de cualquier otra persona en funcion de su superioridad fisica y/o intelectual. En mas del 50% de los casos las lesiones se presentan en cabeza, cara y cuello. Es por eso que el odontologo y especialmente el odontopediatra deben estar preparados para reconocer alguna forma de maltrato o negligencia con base en una historia clinica adecuada y una exploracion intencionada ante la sospecha de sindrome de nino maltratado. Objetivo: Conocer los indicadores intraorales y extraorales que le permitan al odontopediatra reconocer los signos y contribuir en el diagnostico como parte de un equipo multidisciplinario encargado de la atencion de estos pacientes. Caso clinico: Paciente masculino de dos anos cinco meses quien acude al Servicio de Urgencias del Instituto Nacional de Pediatria por presentar edema periorbitario, multiples fracturas en extremidades e indicadores orofaciales que permitieron diagnosticar sindrome de nino maltratado. Conclusion: Considerando la frecuencia con que las estructuras orofaciales se ven involucradas en el sindrome de nino maltratado, existe un compromiso medico, etico y legal para que todos los dentistas y especifi camente los odontopediatras intervengan en la prevencion, deteccion, diagnostico y tratamiento de este problema medico social.