The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
D T Bergado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analytical model of interaction between hexagonal wire mesh and silty sand backfill
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2001Co-Authors: D T Bergado, P. Voottipruex, A Srikongsri, Chairat TeerawattanasukAbstract:The interaction behavior between hexagonal wire mesh and silty sand backfill can be evaluated from pullout tests. The pullout Resistance of the hexagonal wire mesh reinforcement consists of two components, namely friction Resistance and passive Bearing Resistance. The friction Resistance relative displacement relationship of a hexagonal wire mesh can be simulated by a linear elastic perfectly plastic model. The passive Bearing Resistance of an individual Bearing member can be modelled by a hyperbolic function. The friction Resistances for galvanized and PVC-coated hexagonal wire mesh were 25 and 21%, respectively, of the total pullout Resistance. A new analytical model for predicting the pullout Resistance of hexagonal wire mesh reinforcement has been proposed. The proposed solution can estimate the maximum pullout force at different reinforcement levels from observed horizontal movement of a hexagonal wire mesh reinforcement.Key words: hexagonal wire mesh, necking phenomena, Bearing Resistance, analy...
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INTERACTION BETWEEN HEXAGONAL WIRE MESH REINFORCEMENT AND SILTY SAND BACKFILL
Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2001Co-Authors: D T Bergado, Chairat Teerawattanasuk, T Wongsawanon, P. VoottipruexAbstract:Pullout tests were conducted on hexagonal wire mesh embedded in silty sand locally known as Ayuttaya sand to investigate the soil reinforcement interaction. Two types of hexagonal wire mesh were tested, namely: (a) galvanized (zinc-coated) which has smaller aperture (cell) dimension of 60 by 80 mm and (b) PVC-coated which has larger aperture (cell) dimension of 80 by 100 mm. The tests were conducted under normal pressures ranging from 35 to 91 kPa and the specimens were pulled at a rate of 1 mm/min. The total pullout Resistance of hexagonal wire mesh reinforcement consists of two components, namely; friction and Bearing Resistance. The Bearing Resistance is higher than the friction Resistance for both types of reinforcement. Higher friction and Bearing Resistances were obtained with increasing normal pressures. The friction and Bearing Resistances mobilized on the galvanized wire mesh were greater than the PVC-coated wire mesh, due to higher friction coefficient as well as greater number of transverse and longitudinal members (elements) per unit width in the former than the latter. The proposed analytical method of predicting the pullout Resistance and displacement relation using the basic soil and reinforcement properties agreed with the test results reasonably well.
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prediction of pullout Resistance and pullout force displacement relationship for inextensible grid reinforcements
Soils and Foundations, 1996Co-Authors: D T Bergado, Jinchun Chai, Norihiko MiuraAbstract:A new analytical method is proposed for determining the inextensible grid reinforcement pullout Resistance and pullout force/pullout displacement curve by using basic backfill soil and grid reinforcement properties. The pullout skin friction Resistance/pullout displacement relationship is simulated by linear elastic-perfectly plastic model. A hyperbolic model has been proposed to represent the pullout Bearing Resistance/pullout displacement relationship in which the maximum Bearing Resistance of a single Bearing member is determined using a new Bearing capacity equation proposed in this paper. The influences of the grid Bearing member spacing ratio, S/D, the Bearing member deflection rigidity, and the pullout softening behavior on the mobilization of pullout Bearing Resistance are explicitly included in the proposed model. Good agreement has been obtained between calculated values and laboratory test results.
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Pullout force/displacement relationship of extensible grid reinforcements
Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 1994Co-Authors: D T Bergado, Jinchun ChaiAbstract:Abstract A model for predicting the pullout Resistance of polymer-grid reinforcement has been proposed. The influence of Bearing member rigidity and spacing ratio (S/D) are explicitly expressed in the hyperbolic model. A new Bearing capacity equation is incorporated for calculating the maximum pullout force. The displacement along the reinforcement is calculated by using the proposed pullout Bearing Resistance model together with the elongation of the grid longitudinal member. The validity of the method is confirmed by good agreement between calculated values and actual test data. The analytically determined effective reinforcement embedment lengths (i.e. the length of the reinforcement in tension) and pullout displacement to mobilize the desired pullout Resistance of polymeric grids under different backfill conditions and under different applied normal pressures, provide useful information for the design of reinforced earth structures against pullout failure.
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pullout force displacement relationship of extensible grid reinforcements
Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 1994Co-Authors: D T Bergado, Jinchun ChaiAbstract:Abstract A model for predicting the pullout Resistance of polymer-grid reinforcement has been proposed. The influence of Bearing member rigidity and spacing ratio (S/D) are explicitly expressed in the hyperbolic model. A new Bearing capacity equation is incorporated for calculating the maximum pullout force. The displacement along the reinforcement is calculated by using the proposed pullout Bearing Resistance model together with the elongation of the grid longitudinal member. The validity of the method is confirmed by good agreement between calculated values and actual test data. The analytically determined effective reinforcement embedment lengths (i.e. the length of the reinforcement in tension) and pullout displacement to mobilize the desired pullout Resistance of polymeric grids under different backfill conditions and under different applied normal pressures, provide useful information for the design of reinforced earth structures against pullout failure.
Yan Bo Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behavior-Based Resistance Model for Bearing-Type Connection in High-Strength Steels
Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2020Co-Authors: Guo-qiang Li, Yan Bo WangAbstract:AbstractThis paper investigates the Bearing Resistance of bolted connections with consideration of bolt hole elongations. Based on the test results of 27 single-bolt connections and 36 two-bolt con...
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Bearing-strength of high strength steel plates in two-bolt connections
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2019Co-Authors: Yan Bo Wang, Guo-qiang Li, J.y. Richard LiewAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the Bearing behavior of two-bolt connections arranged in the direction perpendicular to load between high-strength steel members. A series of 36 connections are fabricated from steels with nominal yield strength of 550 MPa, 690 MPa and 890 MPa and tested to failure in double shear. The effect of steel grades, end distance, edge distance and bolt spacing on the failure mode, Bearing Resistance and deformation capacity are investigated with the supplementary data from the validated numerical model. To explain the reduced Bearing Resistance compared to tearout failure, the mechanism of splitting failure in two-bolt connections is analyzed with the assistance of numerical simulation. The boundaries to identify tearout failure, splitting failure and mixed failure with the combined features of necking and tearout are derived. A formula to predict the ultimate Resistance of mixed failure is proposed. To achieve an optimum use of high strength materials, an optimal range of edge distance to bolt spacing distance ratio is suggested based on the parametric analysis. Comparison with test results show that Eurocode3 method can be extended to bolted connections between high strength steel members with considerable margin of safety.
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Numerical analysis on the ultimate Bearing Resistance of single-bolt connection with high strength steels
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2019Co-Authors: Yan Bo Wang, Guo-qiang Li, Jin JiangAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a numerical investigation on the Bearing behavior of single-bolt connections with high strength steels in double shear. To simulate the phenomenon of accumulation damage shown in the post-peak behavior of bolt Bearing and investigate the failure mechanism of tearout and splitting, the framework of ductile metal damage was used in the numerical model. The model was verified against the test results of bolted connections between high strength steel members. With the validated numerical model, a saddle-shaped distribution of the equivalent plastic strain was observed around the bolt hole, which explains the initiation and propagation of the fracture. A pure shear stress band, which is coincidence with the shear fracture in the experiments, was observed in the numerical analysis. In addition, the reduction of ultimate Bearing Resistance in splitting failure is explained by the increasing of lateral tensile stress at the tip of plate end with the decrease of edge distance. An extensive parametric study of 513 specimens was carried out to evaluate the effect of edge distance and end distance on ultimate Bearing Resistance. The boundary between tearout and splitting failure was established based on the distribution patterns of lateral tensile stress around the plate end. Finally, a new formula for predicting the ultimate Bearing Resistance with consideration of splitting failure was proposed.
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Behavior of single bolt Bearing on high strength steel plate
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2017Co-Authors: Yan Bo Wang, Guo-qiang Li, J.y. Richard LiewAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an experimental program investigating the behavior of high strength steel connections consisting of one bolt in double shear. A total of 24 bolted connections fabricated from three grades of high strength steel with the nominal yield strengths of 550 MPa, 690 MPa and 890 MPa were tested. The effects of end distance, edge distance and steel grade on the bolt Bearing behavior were evaluated. The bolt hole elongation due to bolt Bearing on high strength steel plate was measured and its implication on the plate Bearing Resistance was discussed. The test results were compared with Eurocode 3 and AISC 360-10 predictions and it was found that Eurocode 3 could be used conservatively to predict the bolt Bearing Resistance on high strength steel with nominal yield strength up to 890 MPa whereas AISC 360-10 method tends to overestimate the Bearing Resistance of the bolted connection. A regression analysis was performed based on the test data and those from the literature so that a more general method was proposed to predict the bolt Bearing Resistance on normal strength and high strength steel plate. Splitting failure was observed as a transitional failure mode between tearout failure and net cross-section failure. Splitting failure showed a lower Resistance than the bolted connection with tear-out failure, therefore, a reduction factor was proposed to improve the prediction. The upper and lower boundaries of end distance to edge distance ratio for splitting failure were theoretically derived and experimentally verified.
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01.08: Bolted Bearing connection with high strength steel and grade 12.9 bolt
ce papers, 2017Co-Authors: Yan Bo Wang, Guo-qiang LiAbstract:This paper presents an experimental program investigating the behavior of high strength steel connections consisting of one bolt in double shear. A total of 15 bolted connections fabricated from three grades of high strength steel with the nominal yield strengths of 550 MPa, 690 MPa and 890 MPa were tested. The effects of end distance and steel grade on the bolt Bearing behavior were evaluated. The Bearing Resistances of the bolt on various high strength plates were determined and compared with respect to the tensile strength of the plates. The bolt hole elongation due to bolt Bearing on high strength steel plate was measured and its implication on the plate Bearing Resistance was discussed. The test results were compared with Eurocode 3 and AISC 360-10 predictions and it was found that Eurocode 3 could be used conservatively to predict the bolt Bearing Resistance on high strength steel with nominal yield strength up to 890 MPa whereas AISC 360-10 method tends to overestimate the Bearing Resistance of the bolted connection. A regression analysis was performed based on the test data and those from the literature so that a more general method was proposed to predict the bolt Bearing Resistance on normal strength and high strength steel plate.
Guo-qiang Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behavior-Based Resistance Model for Bearing-Type Connection in High-Strength Steels
Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2020Co-Authors: Guo-qiang Li, Yan Bo WangAbstract:AbstractThis paper investigates the Bearing Resistance of bolted connections with consideration of bolt hole elongations. Based on the test results of 27 single-bolt connections and 36 two-bolt con...
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Bearing-strength of high strength steel plates in two-bolt connections
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2019Co-Authors: Yan Bo Wang, Guo-qiang Li, J.y. Richard LiewAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the Bearing behavior of two-bolt connections arranged in the direction perpendicular to load between high-strength steel members. A series of 36 connections are fabricated from steels with nominal yield strength of 550 MPa, 690 MPa and 890 MPa and tested to failure in double shear. The effect of steel grades, end distance, edge distance and bolt spacing on the failure mode, Bearing Resistance and deformation capacity are investigated with the supplementary data from the validated numerical model. To explain the reduced Bearing Resistance compared to tearout failure, the mechanism of splitting failure in two-bolt connections is analyzed with the assistance of numerical simulation. The boundaries to identify tearout failure, splitting failure and mixed failure with the combined features of necking and tearout are derived. A formula to predict the ultimate Resistance of mixed failure is proposed. To achieve an optimum use of high strength materials, an optimal range of edge distance to bolt spacing distance ratio is suggested based on the parametric analysis. Comparison with test results show that Eurocode3 method can be extended to bolted connections between high strength steel members with considerable margin of safety.
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Numerical analysis on the ultimate Bearing Resistance of single-bolt connection with high strength steels
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2019Co-Authors: Yan Bo Wang, Guo-qiang Li, Jin JiangAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a numerical investigation on the Bearing behavior of single-bolt connections with high strength steels in double shear. To simulate the phenomenon of accumulation damage shown in the post-peak behavior of bolt Bearing and investigate the failure mechanism of tearout and splitting, the framework of ductile metal damage was used in the numerical model. The model was verified against the test results of bolted connections between high strength steel members. With the validated numerical model, a saddle-shaped distribution of the equivalent plastic strain was observed around the bolt hole, which explains the initiation and propagation of the fracture. A pure shear stress band, which is coincidence with the shear fracture in the experiments, was observed in the numerical analysis. In addition, the reduction of ultimate Bearing Resistance in splitting failure is explained by the increasing of lateral tensile stress at the tip of plate end with the decrease of edge distance. An extensive parametric study of 513 specimens was carried out to evaluate the effect of edge distance and end distance on ultimate Bearing Resistance. The boundary between tearout and splitting failure was established based on the distribution patterns of lateral tensile stress around the plate end. Finally, a new formula for predicting the ultimate Bearing Resistance with consideration of splitting failure was proposed.
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Behavior of single bolt Bearing on high strength steel plate
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2017Co-Authors: Yan Bo Wang, Guo-qiang Li, J.y. Richard LiewAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an experimental program investigating the behavior of high strength steel connections consisting of one bolt in double shear. A total of 24 bolted connections fabricated from three grades of high strength steel with the nominal yield strengths of 550 MPa, 690 MPa and 890 MPa were tested. The effects of end distance, edge distance and steel grade on the bolt Bearing behavior were evaluated. The bolt hole elongation due to bolt Bearing on high strength steel plate was measured and its implication on the plate Bearing Resistance was discussed. The test results were compared with Eurocode 3 and AISC 360-10 predictions and it was found that Eurocode 3 could be used conservatively to predict the bolt Bearing Resistance on high strength steel with nominal yield strength up to 890 MPa whereas AISC 360-10 method tends to overestimate the Bearing Resistance of the bolted connection. A regression analysis was performed based on the test data and those from the literature so that a more general method was proposed to predict the bolt Bearing Resistance on normal strength and high strength steel plate. Splitting failure was observed as a transitional failure mode between tearout failure and net cross-section failure. Splitting failure showed a lower Resistance than the bolted connection with tear-out failure, therefore, a reduction factor was proposed to improve the prediction. The upper and lower boundaries of end distance to edge distance ratio for splitting failure were theoretically derived and experimentally verified.
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01.08: Bolted Bearing connection with high strength steel and grade 12.9 bolt
ce papers, 2017Co-Authors: Yan Bo Wang, Guo-qiang LiAbstract:This paper presents an experimental program investigating the behavior of high strength steel connections consisting of one bolt in double shear. A total of 15 bolted connections fabricated from three grades of high strength steel with the nominal yield strengths of 550 MPa, 690 MPa and 890 MPa were tested. The effects of end distance and steel grade on the bolt Bearing behavior were evaluated. The Bearing Resistances of the bolt on various high strength plates were determined and compared with respect to the tensile strength of the plates. The bolt hole elongation due to bolt Bearing on high strength steel plate was measured and its implication on the plate Bearing Resistance was discussed. The test results were compared with Eurocode 3 and AISC 360-10 predictions and it was found that Eurocode 3 could be used conservatively to predict the bolt Bearing Resistance on high strength steel with nominal yield strength up to 890 MPa whereas AISC 360-10 method tends to overestimate the Bearing Resistance of the bolted connection. A regression analysis was performed based on the test data and those from the literature so that a more general method was proposed to predict the bolt Bearing Resistance on normal strength and high strength steel plate.
Primož Može - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stiffness and Strength of Single Bearing Bolt Connections
Design Fabrication and Economy of Metal Structures, 2020Co-Authors: Primož MožeAbstract:This paper focuses on to single bolt connections with plate in bolt Bearing that present a basic component of a multi bolt connection. The Bearing strengths of mild as well as high strength steel connections are given. An extensive numeric parametric study was executed to obtain additional data. A modified bolt Bearing Resistance formula is presented. The stiffness of the connections according to Eurocode is also presented and compared to the experimental one.
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Statistical evaluation of Bearing Resistance and related strength functions for bolted connections
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2020Co-Authors: Primož MožeAbstract:Abstract The paper is concerned with the statistical analysis of strength functions for bolted connections, namely the Bearing Resistance, the block tearing Resistance, the net cross-section Resistance and the Resistance of angles in tension connected by a single row of bolts in one leg to obtain partial factors. These strength functions are proposed in the second generation of EN 1993-1-8 and EN 1993-1-1. The statistical analysis is performed using 884 test results available in the background documentation to Eurocode 3 and an additional 380 test results of lap connections with different bolt arrangements, which are available in the literature. A suitable sampling criterion of the test results allowed sufficiently large data sets with a small coefficient of variation, which allowed the assumption of partial factor γM2 = 1.25. EN 1993-1-8 provides the design check of the effective net cross-cross section Resistance of angles connected by a single row of bolts in one leg (EN 1993-1-8, 3.10.3). It is demonstrated that this design check is superfluous and can be completely replaced by the design block tearing Resistance, taking into account the design upper limit of the net cross-section Resistance.
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High strength steel tension splices with one or two bolts
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2010Co-Authors: Primož MožeAbstract:Abstract The paper presents experimental research of 38 tension splices with bolts in double shear. Steel grade S690 was used. The objective of the research was to determine ductility and Resistance of such connections. The experimental Resistance is compared to Eurocode provisions and a new Bearing Resistance formula is developed. The reliability assessment is given according to EN 1990, Annex D.
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Ductility and Resistance of bolted connections in structures made of high strength steels
2008Co-Authors: Primož MožeAbstract:Structural steel grades with yield strength higher than 420 MPa are considered as high strength steels. They undoubtedly have lower ductility than mild steels in terms of engineering measures of ductility, such as ultimate-to-yield strength ratio, uniform strain and elongation at fracture. A typical values for high strength steels are: ultimate-to-yield strength ratio fu/fy = 1,05, uniform strain eu = 0,05 and elongation after fracture efr = 15%. The problem is that inelastic behaviour is hidden in numerous nominally elastic Resistances checks of steel structures and therefore sufficient local ductility has to be assured. The focus is set on structural elements with holes subjected to tension and to tension splices with bolts in shear. Local ductility in terms of plastic deformations has to be sufficient in order to assure bolthole elongation, so the loading transfers through all bolts. An extensive experimental research of plates with holes and tension splices made of steel grade S690 was conducted to determine maximum Resistance and ductility. The reliability of the Eurocode design rules for net cross- section Resistance to was statistically evaluated. The statistical analysis was substantiated by additional test results on net cross-section failure of high strength steel members available in literature. Moreover, the experiments were numerically simulated to look inside the stress state. The test results served as a guideline for the accuracy of numerical simulations. A comprehensive numerical parametrical study of tension splices and in addition, the numerical analyses of tests on tension splices found in literature were performed. The Eurocode design Bearing Resistance was critically assessed on the basis of the database of 266 connection results. In certain cases the Eurocode design Bearing Resistance formula gives inadequate results. Therefore, a new, simple design Bearing Resistance formula was proposed.
Gianvittorio Rizzano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental and theoretical analysis of shear bolted connections for tubular structures
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2017Co-Authors: Marina D'antimo, Jean-françois Demonceau, Jean-pierre Jaspart, Massimo Latour, Gianvittorio RizzanoAbstract:Abstract In this paper, numerical and experimental investigations devoted to the evaluation of the Bearing Resistance of tubular members, with gusset plates and through-all long bolts, are presented. Unlike lap shear joints, the analysed connection shows a limited confinement of the Bearing area associated with the use of long bolts and the presence of a gap in the member, which can lead to a reduction of the Bearing Resistance. In order to investigate the behaviour of shear connections composed by thin or thick SHS (Square Hollow Section) profiles and long bolts, experimental tests on 24 specimens and FE simulations have been conducted. Both experimental and FE results have confirmed the influence of local instability of the hole in Bearing on the Resistance of thin profiles and the poor accuracy of the available standards for this specific joint typology. In particular, the performed comparisons have shown that, for thin profiles, EC3 model is likely to overestimate the Resistance, while for higher thickness of the SHS conservative predictions are obtained. The paper presents the conducted experimental and numerical investigations highlighting, at the end, the need for a proper formulation able to account for the local instability effect on the Bearing Resistance.
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ANALYTICAL PREDICTION OF THE Bearing Resistance OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS FOR TUBULAR RACKING STRUCTURES
2016Co-Authors: Vittorio Armenante, Marina D'antimo, Jean-françois Demonceau, Jean-pierre Jaspart, Massimo Latour, Gianvittorio RizzanoAbstract:The aim of this paper is to provide a formulation able to predict the Resistance of simple shear connections realized by fastening a plate to a hollow square section by means of long bolts. The research is motivated by the fact that the rules currently provided by EC3 for defining the Bearing Resistance of steel connections are limited to the case of stacks of plates, where every plate composing the connection is always restrained out of plane by the adjoining plate or by the bolt head or nut. This is a condition not verified in case of connections realized with long bolts fastening hollow sections. The work is organized in two sections. First, the results of an experimental campaign are presented and successively, the results of a parametric analysis carried out by means of a Finite Element model calibrated on the experimental data are reported. Afterwards, an analytical approach able to include the local buckling effects arising in these kinds of connections is presented, proposing a coefficient for the reduction of the Resistance, to be included in the EC3 formulation.
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INFLUENCE OF LOCAL BUCKLING ON THE SHEAR Resistance OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS FOR TUBULAR RACKING STRUCTURES
2016Co-Authors: Marina D'antimo, Jean-françois Demonceau, Jean-pierre Jaspart, Massimo Latour, Gianvittorio RizzanoAbstract:The competition in the field of storage racking structures is so that companies are always looking for new structural solutions aiming at containing construction time and expenses. This paper focuses the Bearing failure of shear joint using long bolts through thin tubular members with the purpose to check the reliability of Eurocode 3 formulation. The used hollow sections are free to buckle inward leading to a Bearing Resistance lower than the one predicted using EC3. In fact EC3 does not account for the possible occurrence of out-of-plane deformations in shear connection assuming that the connected plates are restrained by the bolt head and the nut. In order to investigate this phenomenon, an experimental campaign has been developed, a FE model Abaqus/CAE has been validated and a parametric study has been performed. The present paper introduces the conducted investigations.
