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Alberto Ritieni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occurrence of fusarium mycotoxins in italian cereal and cereal products from organic farming
Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Cristina Juan, Alberto Ritieni, Jordi MañesAbstract:In the present study, the occurrence of eighteen mycotoxins, nine trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin), three zearalenones (zearalenone, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol), and six emergent mycotoxins, Beauvericin and five enniatins (A, A1, B, B1 and B4), was monitored in different Italian organic cereals and cereal products by using a liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method. A total of 93 organic cereal samples (wheat, barley, rye and oat) were collected from Italy. Limits of quantification ranged from 5 to 15 μg/kg. 80% of analyzed samples contained mycotoxins. The occurrence was 33%, 6.5%, 2%, 27%, 7%, 10% and 43% for deoxynivalenol, HT-2, T-2, nivalenol, zearalenone, Beauvericin and enniatins, respectively. The major mycotoxin found was enniatin B4; it was detected in 40% of all analyzed samples and its levels ranged from 5.7 to 284.2 μg/kg. Risk assessment was evaluated by EDI calculations which were lower than TDI for all legislated Fusarium mycotoxins.
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fusaproliferin Beauvericin and enniatins occurrence in food a review
World Mycotoxin Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Antonello Santini, Giuseppe Meca, S Uhlig, Alberto RitieniAbstract:The present review summarises data on the prevalence and concentration of fusaproliferin, Beauvericin and enniatins in small grains, maize and processed grain-based foods. These fungal secondary metabolites possess interesting biological activities and are presently often referred to as 'emerging mycotoxins'. They have been considered as less important since they are likely not of acute toxicity. However, their high prevalence in foodstuffs, occasionally in higher mg/kg concentrations, warrants an assessment of their true importance for food (and feed) safety. Thorough surveys that determine the contamination of raw and processed foods with fusaproliferin, Beauvericin and enniatins are still scarce and are generally limited to Northern Europe and the Mediterranean. The reported data suggest a connection between the observed concentrations and climate. The data further suggest that humans might be exposed continuously to low levels of enniatins as these compounds were of particularly high prevalence in the...
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overview of analytical methods for Beauvericin and fusaproliferin in food matrices
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Antonello Santini, Rosalia Ferracane, Giuseppe Meca, Alberto RitieniAbstract:In recent years consumers and the scientific community have become increasingly interested in food safety, making it a major focus among the objectives of the international institutions responsible for food safety monitoring, e.g. the European Union or the EFSA. Aspects attracting much attention are the colonization of food by microscopic fungi which, under aerobic conditions, produce toxic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, and the accumulation of these toxins in the food chain. Numerous studies of surveillance, detoxification, prevention, and toxicological aspects reported in the literature mostly concentrate on major mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes, and fumonisins; studies on toxic secondary metabolites of mycotoxins are less common or are only just beginning. Among the molecules of interest, the family of Beauvericin and fusaproliferin is certainly the most interesting. The objective of this review is to summarize reported data and the methods used to extract and quantify Beauvericin and fusaproliferin in food matrices.
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further data on the production of Beauvericin enniatins and fusaproliferin and toxicity to artemia salina by fusarium species of gibberella fujikuroi species complex
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Antonio Moretti, Alberto Ritieni, Giuseppina Mule, Antonio F LogriecoAbstract:Abstract The knowledge of toxigenic profiles of fungal plant pathogens is of extreme importance for evaluating the potential toxicity of infected plant products. Ninety-six fungal isolates belonging to 28 species in the Gibberella fujikuroi complex were studied for the production of Beauvericin, enniatins and fusaproliferin in rice cultures. Toxin production ranged from 5 to 3000 μg/g for Beauvericin, 2 to 131 μg/g for enniatins, and 4 to 440 μg/g for fusaproliferin. Beauvericin was the most common metabolite produced by 16 species followed by fusaproliferin with 11 species and enniatins with 4 species. The production of Beauvericin by F. bulbicola, F. denticulatum, F. lactis, F. phyllophilum, F. pseudocircinatum, and F. succisae and fusaproliferin by F. antophilum, F. begoniae, F. bulbicola, F. circinatum, F. concentricum, F. succisae, and F. udum is reported here for the first time. Brine shrimp larvae were most sensitive to culture extracts of F. acutatum (up to 94 ± 3%), F. concentricum (up to 99 ± 1%), F. denticuatum (up to 100%) and F. sacchari (up to 100%). Toxicity towards brine shrimp was significantly correlated with the Beauvericin content of the fungal extracts with few exceptions. These data indicate that Beauvericin and fusaproliferin are common metabolites of species of the G. fujikuroi complex and pose a risk for a possible toxin accumulation in their respective host plant products. However, data from the brine shrimp bioassay showed that further toxic metabolites within this complex need to be characterized.
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species diversity of and toxin production by gibberella fujikuroi species complex strains isolated from native prairie grasses in kansas
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: John F Leslie, Antonio Moretti, Kurt A Zeller, Antonio F Logrieco, Giuseppina Mule, Alberto RitieniAbstract:Fusarium species from agricultural crops have been well studied with respect to toxin production and genetic diversity, while similar studies of communities from nonagricultural plants are much more limited. We examined 72 Fusarium isolates from a native North American tallgrass prairie and found that Gibberella intermedia (Fusarium proliferatum), Gibberella moniliformis (Fusarium verticillioides), and Gibberella konza (Fusarium konzum) dominated. Gibberella thapsina (Fusarium thapsinum) and Gibberella subglutinans (Fusarium subglutinans) also were recovered, as were seven isolates that could not be assigned to any previously described species on the basis of either morphological or molecular characters. In general, isolates from the prairie grasses produced the same toxins in quantities similar to those produced by isolates of the same species recovered from agricultural hosts. The G. konza isolates produce little or no fumonisins (up to 120 μg/g by one strain), and variable but generally low to moderate amounts of Beauvericin (4 to 320 μg/g) and fusaproliferin (50 to 540 μg/g). Toxicity to Artemia salina larvae within most species was correlated with the concentration of either Beauvericin or fusaproliferin produced. Organic isolates from some cultures of G. moniliformis were highly toxic towards A. salina even though they produced little, if any, Beauvericin or fusaproliferin. Thus, additional potentially toxigenic compounds may be synthesized by G. moniliformis strains isolated from prairie grasses. The Fusarium community from these grasses appears to contain some species not found in surrounding agricultural communities, including some that probably are undescribed, and could be capable of serving as a reservoir for strains of potential agricultural importance.
Michael Rychlik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi mycotoxin stable isotope dilution lc ms ms method for fusarium toxins in beer
Food Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Katharina Habler, Marina Gotthardt, Jan Schuler, Michael RychlikAbstract:A stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method was developed for 12 different Fusarium toxins including modified mycotoxins in beer (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, HT2-toxin, T2-toxin, enniatin B, B1, A1, A, Beauvericin and zearalenone). As sample preparation and purification of beer a combined solid phase extraction for trichothecenes, enniatins, Beauvericin and zearalenone was firstly developed. The validation of the new method gave satisfying results: intra-day and inter-day precision and recoveries were 1-5%, 2-8% and 72-117%, respectively. In total, 61 different organic and conventional beer samples from Germany and all over the world were analyzed by using the newly developed multi-mycotoxin method. In summary, deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, 3-acetyldeoxynivaleneol and enniatin B were quantified in rather low contents in the investigated beer samples. None of the other monitored Fusarium toxins like 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, HT2- and T2-toxin, zearalenone, enniatin B1, A1, A or Beauvericin were detectable.
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multi mycotoxin stable isotope dilution lc ms ms method for fusarium toxins in cereals
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Katharina Habler, Michael RychlikAbstract:A multi-mycotoxin stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed for 14 Fusarium toxins including modified mycotoxins in cereals (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, HT2-toxin, T2-toxin, enniatin B, enniatin B1, enniatin A1, enniatin A, Beauvericin, fusarenone X, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, and zearalenone). The chromatographic separation of the toxins with particular focus on deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was achieved using a C18-hydrosphere column. An expedient sample preparation method was developed that uses solid-phase extraction for the purification of trichothecenes combined with zearalenone, enniatins, and Beauvericin and provides excellent validation data. Linearity, intra-day precision, inter-day precision, and recoveries were ≥0.9982, 1–6 %, 5–12 %, and 79–117 %, respectively. Method accuracy was verified by analyzing certified reference materials for deoxynivalenol, HT2-toxin, and T2-toxin with deviations below 7 %. The results of this method found barley malt samples from 2012, 2013, and 2014 frequently contaminated with high concentrations of enniatin B, deoxynivalenol, and its modified mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside. Samples from 2012 were especially contaminated. Fusarenone X was not detected in any of the analyzed samples.
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Biosynthesis of 15N3-Labeled Enniatins and Beauvericin and Their Application to Stable Isotope Dilution Assays
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Michael RychlikAbstract:The first stable isotope dilution assay for the determination of enniatins A, A1, B, and B1 and Beauvericin was developed. The 15N3-labeled enniatins and Beauvericin were biosynthesized by feeding two Fusarium strains Na15NO3 and subsequently isolated from the fungal culture. The chemical structures of the biosynthesized products were characterized by LC-MS/MS and 1H NMR. Standard solutions of 15N3-labeled Beauvericin, enniatin A, and enniatin A1 were accurately quantitated by quantitative NMR. On the basis of the use of the labeled products as internal standards, stable isotope dilution assays were developed and applied to various food samples using LC-MS/MS. The sample extracts were directly injected without any tedious cleanup procedures. The limits of detection were 3.9, 2.6, 3.7, 1.9, and 4.4 μg/kg for enniatins A, A1, B, and B1 and Beauvericin, respectively. Limits of quantitation were 11.5 (enniatin A), 7.6 (enniatin A1), 10.9 (enniatin B), 5.8 (enniatin B1), and 13.1 μg/kg (Beauvericin). Recoverie...
Marika Jestoi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mycotoxin production of selected fusarium species at different culture conditions
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Meri Kokkonen, Paivi Parikka, Laura Ojala, Marika JestoiAbstract:The toxin producing capacity of seven Fusarium species (F. langsethiae, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae, F. avenaceum, F. tricinctum, F. graminearum and F. culmorum) and the effect of culture conditions on the toxin production were studied. The strains were isolated from Finnish grains and cultivated on a grain mixture at three different water activity/temperature combinations (i.e. 0.994/15 degrees C; 0.994/25 degrees C; 0.960/25 degrees C). The mycotoxins produced were analyzed with a multi-toxin method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enabling the simultaneous determination of 18 different Fusarium toxins. The general toxin profiles revealed F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides as producers of diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, HT-2 and T-2-toxins. F. sporotrichioides produced additionally Beauvericin. In the F. poae cultures, only Beauvericin was detected. F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum were capable of producing enniatins, moniliformin and antibiotic Y, and F. graminearum and F. culmorum produced zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol. Differences existed in the quantitative toxin production between the individual strains representing the same species. Additionally, the culture conditions affected the range and amounts of toxins produced. In general, a(w) 0.994 and temperature of 15 degrees C favoured the type-A trichothecene production of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. The Beauvericin production of F. sporotrichioides occurred more favourably at a(w) 0.960 and 25 degrees C. F. poae produced the highest concentrations of Beauvericin under two different conditions, namely at a(w) 0.994/15 degrees C and a(w) 0.960/25 degrees C. None of the combinations particularly favoured toxin production of F. avenaceum, with all three toxins being produced extensively at all culture conditions. F. tricinctum produced enniatins most efficiently at a(w) 0.994/25 degrees C. The moniliformin production of both these two species occurred readily at a(w) 0.960/25 degrees C. F. culmorum and F. graminearum produced the highest concentrations and variety of mycotoxins at a(w) 0.960/25 degrees C. The results give valuable information on the toxigenicity of some important Fusarium species. Additionally, this is the first in-depth study to investigate the influence of environmental conditions on the toxin production by F. langsethiae, F. poae, F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum.
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determination of fusarium mycotoxins Beauvericin and enniatins a a1 b b1 in eggs of laying hens using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry lc ms ms
Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Marika Jestoi, Mervi Rokka, Eila Jarvenpaa, Kimmo PeltonenAbstract:An existing sample preparation technique used for the determination of ionophoric coccidiostats was modified to permit the analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins Beauvericin and enniatins in egg samples. The validation results indicated that the sample preparation method developed is well applicable to the determination of the related compounds in eggs. The presence and contamination levels of Beauvericin and enniatins A, A1, B and B1 were studied in Finnish egg samples in 2004–2005. The egg sample analyses (112 whole eggs and 367 egg yolk) revealed that the occurrence of Beauvericin as well as enniatins B and B1 is very common in Finnish eggs. The contaminations were, however, in most cases in trace-levels (
Beauvericin and enniatins in whole egg samples were similar in 2004 and 2005. The prevalence and concentration levels of mycotoxins were higher in the market samples (egg yolk) as compared to samples collected in the national residue monitoring programme (whole egg) samples suggesting that there may be bioaccumulation of these mycotoxin contaminants in egg yolk. This is the first study to report the presence of Fusarium mycotoxins Beauvericin and enniatins in egg samples. -
emerging fusarium mycotoxins fusaproliferin Beauvericin enniatins and moniliformin a review
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Marika JestoiAbstract:The contamination of foods and feed with mycotoxins is a commonly known problem. Intense investigations have been conducted to study the occurrence, toxicity, and recently also the prevention and detoxification strategies of mycotoxins in human and animal food chains. Most of the studies have emphasized on “traditional” mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and trichothecenes. However, one of the most common grain-contaminating genus of fungi, Fusarium spp., is also capable of producing other toxic secondary metabolites—the so-called emerging mycotoxins such as fusaproliferin, Beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin. So far, only limited data is available on these metabolites. This is not only due to their late recognition but especially the late understanding of their role as mycotoxins. This paper summarizes the existing data on the chemistry, analytical techniques, biosynthesis, production, toxicity, and occurrence data on fusaproliferin, Beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin. Based on the ...
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emerging fusarium mycotoxins fusaproliferin Beauvericin enniatins and moniliformin a review
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Marika JestoiAbstract:The contamination of foods and feed with mycotoxins is a commonly known problem. Intense investigations have been conducted to study the occurrence, toxicity, and recently also the prevention and detoxification strategies of mycotoxins in human and animal food chains. Most of the studies have emphasized on "traditional" mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and trichothecenes. However, one of the most common grain-contaminating genus of fungi, Fusarium spp., is also capable of producing other toxic secondary metabolites - the so-called emerging mycotoxins such as fusaproliferin, Beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin. So far, only limited data is available on these metabolites. This is not only due to their late recognition but especially the late understanding of their role as mycotoxins. This paper summarizes the existing data on the chemistry, analytical techniques, biosynthesis, production, toxicity, and occurrence data on fusaproliferin, Beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin. Based on the available studies, attention should be paid to the studies on the distinct significance of these compounds in the human and animal food chains.
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determination of fusarium mycotoxins Beauvericin and enniatins with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry lc ms ms
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2005Co-Authors: Marika Jestoi, Kimmo Peltonen, Mervi Rokka, Aldo Rizzo, Soile AurasaariAbstract:Abstract A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method was developed and validated to determine Fusarium mycotoxins Beauvericin and enniatins (A, A1, B, B1) in grain samples. For the first time, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring was used for the analysis of these mycotoxins, which allowed the simultaneous structural identification of the analytes. The sample preparation involved direct purification of sample extracts with reversed‐phase–solid phase extraction, enabling the avoidance of time consuming and loss‐causing liquid–liquid extractions. The method validation included the determination of selectivity, repeatability, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, and linearity. The developed method proved to be sensitive and repeatable for the analysis of the mycotoxins in grain matrix. Since the method was originally developed solely for Beauvericin, the recoveries of some enniatins remained rather low, except at the lowest spiking level. This was du...
Antonio Moretti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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further data on the production of Beauvericin enniatins and fusaproliferin and toxicity to artemia salina by fusarium species of gibberella fujikuroi species complex
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Antonio Moretti, Alberto Ritieni, Giuseppina Mule, Antonio F LogriecoAbstract:Abstract The knowledge of toxigenic profiles of fungal plant pathogens is of extreme importance for evaluating the potential toxicity of infected plant products. Ninety-six fungal isolates belonging to 28 species in the Gibberella fujikuroi complex were studied for the production of Beauvericin, enniatins and fusaproliferin in rice cultures. Toxin production ranged from 5 to 3000 μg/g for Beauvericin, 2 to 131 μg/g for enniatins, and 4 to 440 μg/g for fusaproliferin. Beauvericin was the most common metabolite produced by 16 species followed by fusaproliferin with 11 species and enniatins with 4 species. The production of Beauvericin by F. bulbicola, F. denticulatum, F. lactis, F. phyllophilum, F. pseudocircinatum, and F. succisae and fusaproliferin by F. antophilum, F. begoniae, F. bulbicola, F. circinatum, F. concentricum, F. succisae, and F. udum is reported here for the first time. Brine shrimp larvae were most sensitive to culture extracts of F. acutatum (up to 94 ± 3%), F. concentricum (up to 99 ± 1%), F. denticuatum (up to 100%) and F. sacchari (up to 100%). Toxicity towards brine shrimp was significantly correlated with the Beauvericin content of the fungal extracts with few exceptions. These data indicate that Beauvericin and fusaproliferin are common metabolites of species of the G. fujikuroi complex and pose a risk for a possible toxin accumulation in their respective host plant products. However, data from the brine shrimp bioassay showed that further toxic metabolites within this complex need to be characterized.
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species diversity of and toxin production by gibberella fujikuroi species complex strains isolated from native prairie grasses in kansas
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: John F Leslie, Antonio Moretti, Kurt A Zeller, Antonio F Logrieco, Giuseppina Mule, Alberto RitieniAbstract:Fusarium species from agricultural crops have been well studied with respect to toxin production and genetic diversity, while similar studies of communities from nonagricultural plants are much more limited. We examined 72 Fusarium isolates from a native North American tallgrass prairie and found that Gibberella intermedia (Fusarium proliferatum), Gibberella moniliformis (Fusarium verticillioides), and Gibberella konza (Fusarium konzum) dominated. Gibberella thapsina (Fusarium thapsinum) and Gibberella subglutinans (Fusarium subglutinans) also were recovered, as were seven isolates that could not be assigned to any previously described species on the basis of either morphological or molecular characters. In general, isolates from the prairie grasses produced the same toxins in quantities similar to those produced by isolates of the same species recovered from agricultural hosts. The G. konza isolates produce little or no fumonisins (up to 120 μg/g by one strain), and variable but generally low to moderate amounts of Beauvericin (4 to 320 μg/g) and fusaproliferin (50 to 540 μg/g). Toxicity to Artemia salina larvae within most species was correlated with the concentration of either Beauvericin or fusaproliferin produced. Organic isolates from some cultures of G. moniliformis were highly toxic towards A. salina even though they produced little, if any, Beauvericin or fusaproliferin. Thus, additional potentially toxigenic compounds may be synthesized by G. moniliformis strains isolated from prairie grasses. The Fusarium community from these grasses appears to contain some species not found in surrounding agricultural communities, including some that probably are undescribed, and could be capable of serving as a reservoir for strains of potential agricultural importance.
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effects of Beauvericin on schizaphis graminum aphididae
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2002Co-Authors: Sonia Ganassi, Antonio Moretti, Antonio Logrieco, Anna Maria Bonvicini Pagliai, Maria Agnese SabatiniAbstract:The effects of Beauvericin, a toxic fungal metabolite common contaminant of maize and wheat, on aphid fitness were studied in three consecutive generations of females. Aphids were reared on wheat leaves inserted into a sandy substratum wetted with a solution of Beauvericin. Ingestion of this solution through leaves did not significantly decrease the lifespan of females of all generations as compared to controls. However, the mean number of offspring from the third generation of treated females was significantly smaller than those in controls. Furthermore, treated second and third generation females produced a greater number of abortive embryos. Histological analysis revealed abundant DAPI and Feulgen positive material in the cytoplasm of some bacteriocytes of treated third generation females. This material was attributed to the endosymbionts of bacteriocytes. Tests by contact were also carried out and revealed a significantly lower survival of treated first instar aphids as compared to controls 18 h after the start of the trial.
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toxigenic fusarium species of liseola section in pre harvest maize ear rot and associated mycotoxins in slovakia
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2002Co-Authors: Antónia Šrobárová, Alberto Ritieni, Antonio Moretti, Rosalia Ferracane, Antonio LogriecoAbstract:The occurrence of Fusarium species of Liseola section and related toxins was investigated for two years (1996 and 1998) on maize ear rot samples collected in the most important areas for maize growing in Slovakia. The species most frequently isolated was F. verticillioides, followed by F. proliferatum in 1996 and F. subglutinans in 1998. Most of the strains belonged to mating populations A, D, and E of the teleomorph Gibberella fujikuroi. Fusarium graminearum was also frequently recovered in both the years of investigations. Toxin analysis of maize ears showed that most of the samples (21 out of 22) were contaminated with at least one toxin. In particular, the concentration of fumonisin B1, and fumonisin 2 was up to 26.9 and 5.1μgg-1, respectively in 1996, and up to 12.1 and 6.3μgg-1, respectively in 1998. Beauvericin was detected only in one sample in 1996. Seven samples in 1996 were contaminated by fusaproliferin up to 8.2μgg-1, but just traces of the toxin were found in one sample in 1998. All 29 strains of F. verticillioides, two of three strains of F. proliferatum and none of eight F. subglutinans strains isolated from samples produced fumonisin B1 in culture on whole maize kernels (0.1–5646 and 940–1200μugg-1, respectively). Two strains of F. subglutinans and two of F. proliferatum produced Beauvericin (up to 65 and 70μgg-1, respectively). Ten strains of F. verticillioides produced Beauvericin: 9 strains produced a low amount (up to 3μgg-1), while only one of them produced a high level of toxin (375μgg-1). Fusaproliferin was produced by two F. proliferatum strains (220 and 370μgg-1), by seven F. subglutinans (20–1335μgg-1) and by three F. verticillioides (10–35μgg-1). This is the first report on fusaproliferin production by F. verticillioides, although at low level.
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Beauvericin chemistry biology and significance
2002Co-Authors: Antonio F Logrieco, Alberto Ritieni, Antonio Moretti, Maria F Caiaffa, Luigi MacchiaAbstract:Mycotoxin contamination of cereal crops is of a worldwide concern since about 35% of cereal crop products contain measurable amount ofmycotoxins. Beauvericin is one toxic metabolite recently reported as product of some important phytopathogenic Fusarium species. We have described in this multidisciplinary and collaborative report the chemistry, the biological toxicity, the natural occurrence as contaminant of cereals and the main Fusarium species involved in their production. This chapter strongly addresses that a great attention should be directed to this toxin and that studies on its synergistic effects with other food-toxins should be carried out.
Katharina Habler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi mycotoxin stable isotope dilution lc ms ms method for fusarium toxins in beer
Food Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Katharina Habler, Marina Gotthardt, Jan Schuler, Michael RychlikAbstract:A stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method was developed for 12 different Fusarium toxins including modified mycotoxins in beer (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, HT2-toxin, T2-toxin, enniatin B, B1, A1, A, Beauvericin and zearalenone). As sample preparation and purification of beer a combined solid phase extraction for trichothecenes, enniatins, Beauvericin and zearalenone was firstly developed. The validation of the new method gave satisfying results: intra-day and inter-day precision and recoveries were 1-5%, 2-8% and 72-117%, respectively. In total, 61 different organic and conventional beer samples from Germany and all over the world were analyzed by using the newly developed multi-mycotoxin method. In summary, deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, 3-acetyldeoxynivaleneol and enniatin B were quantified in rather low contents in the investigated beer samples. None of the other monitored Fusarium toxins like 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, HT2- and T2-toxin, zearalenone, enniatin B1, A1, A or Beauvericin were detectable.
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multi mycotoxin stable isotope dilution lc ms ms method for fusarium toxins in cereals
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Katharina Habler, Michael RychlikAbstract:A multi-mycotoxin stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed for 14 Fusarium toxins including modified mycotoxins in cereals (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, HT2-toxin, T2-toxin, enniatin B, enniatin B1, enniatin A1, enniatin A, Beauvericin, fusarenone X, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, and zearalenone). The chromatographic separation of the toxins with particular focus on deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was achieved using a C18-hydrosphere column. An expedient sample preparation method was developed that uses solid-phase extraction for the purification of trichothecenes combined with zearalenone, enniatins, and Beauvericin and provides excellent validation data. Linearity, intra-day precision, inter-day precision, and recoveries were ≥0.9982, 1–6 %, 5–12 %, and 79–117 %, respectively. Method accuracy was verified by analyzing certified reference materials for deoxynivalenol, HT2-toxin, and T2-toxin with deviations below 7 %. The results of this method found barley malt samples from 2012, 2013, and 2014 frequently contaminated with high concentrations of enniatin B, deoxynivalenol, and its modified mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside. Samples from 2012 were especially contaminated. Fusarenone X was not detected in any of the analyzed samples.