The Experts below are selected from a list of 85668 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kristen S. Purrington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Between-Race Differences in Processes Predicting Physician Communication for African American and European American Recipients of Breast Density Notifications.
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Mark Manning, Terrance L. Albrecht, Louis A. Penner, Kristen S. PurringtonAbstract:BACKGROUND: Breast density notification laws mandate reporting of dense breast to applicable women. The same psychological and systemic barriers that yield between-race differences in mammography use will probably yield between-race differences in women's psychological and Behavioral responses to breast density notifications. PURPOSE: We used the theory of planned behavior as a framework to examine between-race differences in the likelihood of following-up with physicians after receiving breast density notifications and to examine differences in African American and Caucasian American women's Behavioral Decision-Making processes. METHODS: A subset of 212 African American and Caucasian American women who participated in an initial and follow-up survey examining responses to breast density notifications were examined for this study. Participants reported background and demographic measures, psychological responses to receiving notifications, and planned behavior measures related to following up with physicians approximately 2 weeks after receiving their mammogram reports. Participants self-reported their behaviors 3 months later. RESULTS: There were no between-race differences in self-reported physician communication; however, there were differences in processes that predicted behavior. For Caucasian American women, Behavioral intentions, education, and income predicted behaviors. Instead of intentions, group-based medical suspicion, confusion, breast cancer worry, and breast density anxiety predicted behaviors for African American women. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral Decision-Making processes for Caucasian American women were in line with well-validated theoretical predictions. For African American women, race-related medical suspicion, prior breast density awareness, and emotional responses to breast density notifications predicted behavior. The results highlight the need to focus on racially distinct psychological targets when designing interventions to support guideline concordant Behavioral decisions among women who receive breast density notifications.
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Explaining between-race differences in African-American and European-American women's responses to breast density notification.
Social Science & Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Mark Manning, Terrance L. Albrecht, Zeynep Yilmaz-saab, Louis A. Penner, Andria L. Norman, Kristen S. PurringtonAbstract:Prior research shows between-race differences in women's knowledge and emotions related to having dense breasts, thus suggesting that between-race differences in Behavioral Decision-Making following receipt of breast density (BD) notifications are likely. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this study examined differences in emotion-related responses (i.e., anxiety, worry, confusion) and Behavioral cognition (e.g., intentions, Behavioral attitudes) following receipt of BD notifications among African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. This study also examined whether race-related perceptions (i.e., discrimination, group-based medical mistrust), relevant knowledge and socioeconomic status (SES) explained the between race differences.
Olivia Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pupil dilation reflects perceptual selection and predicts subsequent stability in perceptual rivalry
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008Co-Authors: Wolfgang Einhauser, James Stout, Christof Koch, Olivia CarterAbstract:During sustained viewing of an ambiguous stimulus, an individual's perceptual experience will generally switch between the different possible alternatives rather than stay fixed on one interpretation (perceptual rivalry). Here, we measured pupil diameter while subjects viewed different ambiguous visual and auditory stimuli. For all stimuli tested, pupil diameter increased just before the reported perceptual switch and the relative amount of dilation before this switch was a significant predictor of the subsequent duration of perceptual stability. These results could not be explained by blink or eye-movement effects, the motor response or stimulus driven changes in retinal input. Because pupil dilation reflects levels of norepinephrine (NE) released from the locus coeruleus (LC), we interpret these results as suggestive that the LC–NE complex may play the same role in perceptual selection as in Behavioral decision making.
Mark Manning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Between-Race Differences in Processes Predicting Physician Communication for African American and European American Recipients of Breast Density Notifications.
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Mark Manning, Terrance L. Albrecht, Louis A. Penner, Kristen S. PurringtonAbstract:BACKGROUND: Breast density notification laws mandate reporting of dense breast to applicable women. The same psychological and systemic barriers that yield between-race differences in mammography use will probably yield between-race differences in women's psychological and Behavioral responses to breast density notifications. PURPOSE: We used the theory of planned behavior as a framework to examine between-race differences in the likelihood of following-up with physicians after receiving breast density notifications and to examine differences in African American and Caucasian American women's Behavioral Decision-Making processes. METHODS: A subset of 212 African American and Caucasian American women who participated in an initial and follow-up survey examining responses to breast density notifications were examined for this study. Participants reported background and demographic measures, psychological responses to receiving notifications, and planned behavior measures related to following up with physicians approximately 2 weeks after receiving their mammogram reports. Participants self-reported their behaviors 3 months later. RESULTS: There were no between-race differences in self-reported physician communication; however, there were differences in processes that predicted behavior. For Caucasian American women, Behavioral intentions, education, and income predicted behaviors. Instead of intentions, group-based medical suspicion, confusion, breast cancer worry, and breast density anxiety predicted behaviors for African American women. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral Decision-Making processes for Caucasian American women were in line with well-validated theoretical predictions. For African American women, race-related medical suspicion, prior breast density awareness, and emotional responses to breast density notifications predicted behavior. The results highlight the need to focus on racially distinct psychological targets when designing interventions to support guideline concordant Behavioral decisions among women who receive breast density notifications.
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Explaining between-race differences in African-American and European-American women's responses to breast density notification.
Social Science & Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Mark Manning, Terrance L. Albrecht, Zeynep Yilmaz-saab, Louis A. Penner, Andria L. Norman, Kristen S. PurringtonAbstract:Prior research shows between-race differences in women's knowledge and emotions related to having dense breasts, thus suggesting that between-race differences in Behavioral Decision-Making following receipt of breast density (BD) notifications are likely. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this study examined differences in emotion-related responses (i.e., anxiety, worry, confusion) and Behavioral cognition (e.g., intentions, Behavioral attitudes) following receipt of BD notifications among African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. This study also examined whether race-related perceptions (i.e., discrimination, group-based medical mistrust), relevant knowledge and socioeconomic status (SES) explained the between race differences.
Junwen Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deep, Consistent Behavioral Decision Making with Planning Features for Autonomous Vehicles
Electronics, 2019Co-Authors: Lilin Qian, Yujun Zeng, Junwen HuangAbstract:Autonomous driving promises to be the main trend in the future intelligent transportation systems due to its potentiality for energy saving, and traffic and safety improvements. However, traditional autonomous vehicles’ Behavioral decisions face consistency issues between Behavioral decision and trajectory planning and shows a strong dependence on the human experience. In this paper, we present a planning-feature-based deep behavior decision method (PFBD) for autonomous driving in complex, dynamic traffic. We used a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) learning framework with the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (TD3) to exploit the optimal policy. We took into account the features of topological routes in the decision making of autonomous vehicles, through which consistency between decision making and path planning layers can be guaranteed. Specifically, the features of a route extracted from path planning space are shared as the input states for the Behavioral decision. The actor-network learns a near-optimal policy from the feasible and safe candidate emulated routes. Simulation tests on three typical scenarios have been performed to demonstrate the performance of the learning policy, including the comparison with a traditional rule-based expert algorithm and the comparison with the policy considering partial information of a contour. The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better decisions. Real-time test on an HQ3 (HongQi the third ) autonomous vehicle also validated the effectiveness of PFBD.
Wolfgang Einhauser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pupil dilation reflects perceptual selection and predicts subsequent stability in perceptual rivalry
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008Co-Authors: Wolfgang Einhauser, James Stout, Christof Koch, Olivia CarterAbstract:During sustained viewing of an ambiguous stimulus, an individual's perceptual experience will generally switch between the different possible alternatives rather than stay fixed on one interpretation (perceptual rivalry). Here, we measured pupil diameter while subjects viewed different ambiguous visual and auditory stimuli. For all stimuli tested, pupil diameter increased just before the reported perceptual switch and the relative amount of dilation before this switch was a significant predictor of the subsequent duration of perceptual stability. These results could not be explained by blink or eye-movement effects, the motor response or stimulus driven changes in retinal input. Because pupil dilation reflects levels of norepinephrine (NE) released from the locus coeruleus (LC), we interpret these results as suggestive that the LC–NE complex may play the same role in perceptual selection as in Behavioral decision making.