The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marie T Banich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behavioral Performance predicts grey matter reductions in the right inferior frontal gyrus in young adults with combined type adhd
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2010Co-Authors: Brendan E Depue, Gregory C Burgess, Cinnamon L Bidwell, Erik G Willcutt, Marie T BanichAbstract:Abstract Optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used in the present study to investigate morphometric differences between young adults with combined type Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a well-matched control group. Investigations examined differences on a between-group whole brain level, as well as how individual differences in Behavioral Performance predicted grey matter differences. Although a whole brain analysis revealed no significant differences between ADHD and control individuals, ADHD but not control individuals exhibited reduced grey matter volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), predicted by poorer Behavioral Performance on all three measures. A subsequent region-of-interest approach revealed lower grey matter volume in the rIFG in ADHD compared to control individuals. These results suggest that young adults with ADHD show morphometric differences in inferior prefrontal regions, as compared to controls. These morphometric differences are related to disruptions in Performance on Behavioral tasks that frequently have been reported to be affected in individuals with ADHD.
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symptom correlated brain regions in young adults with combined type adhd their organization variability and relation to Behavioral Performance
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2010Co-Authors: Brendan E Depue, Gregory C Burgess, Cinnamon L Bidwell, Erik G Willcutt, Marie T Banich, Luka RuzicAbstract:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a widely diagnosed psychiatric disorder of childhood that may continue to manifest itself during adulthood. Across adults and children, inattention appears to be the most developmentally stable symptomatology of ADHD. To determine the neural systems that may be linked to such symptoms, the association between brain activation in a group of young adults in the face of an attentional challenge (the Stroop task) and inattentive symptoms was examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results implicated a broad array of brain regions that are linked to behaviors compromised in ADHD, including executive function/cognitive control (prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum), reward and motivational circuitry (ventral striatum), and stimulus representation and timing (posterior cortex and cerebellum). Also implicating these regions as being important for the manifestation of ADHD symptoms, the variability in the size of the BOLD signal across individuals was significantly higher for the ADHD group than for the control group, and variability across the time series in individuals with ADHD was linked to symptom severity and Behavioral Performance. The results suggest that a diverse set of brain structures is linked to ADHD symptoms and that the variability of activation within these regions may contribute to compromised attentional control.
Kevin S Weiner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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combined neural tuning in human ventral temporal cortex resolves the perceptual ambiguity of morphed 2d images
Cerebral Cortex, 2020Co-Authors: Mona Rosenke, Nicolas Davidenko, Kalanit Grillspector, Kevin S WeinerAbstract:We have an amazing ability to categorize objects in the world around us. Nevertheless, how cortical regions in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC), which is critical for categorization, support this Behavioral ability, is largely unknown. Here, we examined the relationship between neural responses and Behavioral Performance during the categorization of morphed silhouettes of faces and hands, which are animate categories processed in cortically adjacent regions in VTC. Our results reveal that the combination of neural responses from VTC face- and body-selective regions more accurately explains Behavioral categorization than neural responses from either region alone. Furthermore, we built a model that predicts a person's Behavioral Performance using estimated parameters of brain-behavior relationships from a different group of people. Moreover, we show that this brain-behavior model generalizes to adjacent face- and body-selective regions in lateral occipitotemporal cortex. Thus, while face- and body-selective regions are located within functionally distinct domain-specific networks, cortically adjacent regions from both networks likely integrate neural responses to resolve competing and perceptually ambiguous information from both categories.
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combined neural tuning in human ventral temporal cortex resolves perceptual ambiguity
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Mona Rosenke, Nicolas Davidenko, Kalanit Grillspector, Kevin S WeinerAbstract:We have an amazing ability to categorize objects in the world around us. Nevertheless, how cortical regions in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC), which is critical for categorization, support this Behavioral ability, is largely unknown. Here, we examined the relationship between neural responses and Behavioral Performance during the categorization of morphed silhouettes of faces and hands, which are animate categories processed in cortically adjacent regions in VTC. Our results reveal that the combination of neural responses from VTC face- and body-selective regions more accurately explains Behavioral categorization than neural responses from either region alone. Furthermore, we built a model that predicts a person9s Behavioral Performance using estimated parameters of brain-Behavioral relationships from a different group of people. We further show that this brain-Behavioral model generalizes to adjacent face- and body-selective regions in lateral occipito-temporal cortex. Thus, while face- and body-selective regions are located within functionally-distinct domain-specific networks, cortically adjacent regions from both networks likely integrate neural responses to resolve competing and perceptually ambiguous information from both categories.
Pascal Fries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gamma synchronization between v1 and v4 improves Behavioral Performance
Neuron, 2018Co-Authors: Gustavo Rohenkohl, Conrado A Bosman, Pascal FriesAbstract:Summary Behavior is often driven by visual stimuli, relying on feedforward communication from lower to higher visual areas. Effective communication depends on enhanced interareal coherence, but it remains unclear whether this coherence occurs at an optimal phase relation that actually improves stimulus transmission to Behavioral report. We recorded local field potentials from V1 and V4 of macaques performing an attention task during which they reported changes in the attended stimulus. V1-V4 gamma synchronization immediately preceding the stimulus change partly predicted subsequent reaction times (RTs). RTs slowed systematically as trial-by-trial interareal gamma phase relations deviated from the phase relation at which V1 and V4 synchronized on average. V1-V4 gamma phase relations accounted for RT differences of 13–31 ms. Effects were specific to the attended stimulus and not explained by local power or phase. Thus, interareal gamma synchronization occurs at the optimal phase relation for transmission of sensory inputs to motor responses.
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gamma synchronization between v1 and v4 improves Behavioral Performance
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Gustavo Rohenkohl, Conrado A Bosman, Pascal FriesAbstract:Motor behavior is often driven by visual stimuli, relying on efficient feedforward communication from lower to higher visual areas. The Communication-through-Coherence hypothesis proposes that interareal communication depends on coherence at an optimal phase relation. While previous studies have linked effective communication to enhanced interareal coherence, it remains unclear, whether this interareal coherence occurs at an optimal phase relation that actually improves the stimulus transmission to Behavioral report. We recorded local field potentials simultaneously from areas V1 and V4 of macaque monkeys performing a selective visual attention task, during which they reported changes of the attended stimulus. Gamma synchronization between V1 and V4, immediately preceding the stimulus change, predicted subsequent reaction times (RTs). Crucially, RTs were systematically slowed as trial-by-trial interareal gamma phase relations deviated from the phase relation at which V1 and V4 synchronized on average. These effects were specific to the attended stimulus and not due to local power or phase inside V1 or V4. We conclude that interareal gamma synchronization occurs at the optimal phase relation and thereby improves interareal communication and the effective transformation of sensory inputs into motor responses.
Brendan E Depue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behavioral Performance predicts grey matter reductions in the right inferior frontal gyrus in young adults with combined type adhd
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2010Co-Authors: Brendan E Depue, Gregory C Burgess, Cinnamon L Bidwell, Erik G Willcutt, Marie T BanichAbstract:Abstract Optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used in the present study to investigate morphometric differences between young adults with combined type Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a well-matched control group. Investigations examined differences on a between-group whole brain level, as well as how individual differences in Behavioral Performance predicted grey matter differences. Although a whole brain analysis revealed no significant differences between ADHD and control individuals, ADHD but not control individuals exhibited reduced grey matter volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), predicted by poorer Behavioral Performance on all three measures. A subsequent region-of-interest approach revealed lower grey matter volume in the rIFG in ADHD compared to control individuals. These results suggest that young adults with ADHD show morphometric differences in inferior prefrontal regions, as compared to controls. These morphometric differences are related to disruptions in Performance on Behavioral tasks that frequently have been reported to be affected in individuals with ADHD.
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symptom correlated brain regions in young adults with combined type adhd their organization variability and relation to Behavioral Performance
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2010Co-Authors: Brendan E Depue, Gregory C Burgess, Cinnamon L Bidwell, Erik G Willcutt, Marie T Banich, Luka RuzicAbstract:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a widely diagnosed psychiatric disorder of childhood that may continue to manifest itself during adulthood. Across adults and children, inattention appears to be the most developmentally stable symptomatology of ADHD. To determine the neural systems that may be linked to such symptoms, the association between brain activation in a group of young adults in the face of an attentional challenge (the Stroop task) and inattentive symptoms was examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results implicated a broad array of brain regions that are linked to behaviors compromised in ADHD, including executive function/cognitive control (prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum), reward and motivational circuitry (ventral striatum), and stimulus representation and timing (posterior cortex and cerebellum). Also implicating these regions as being important for the manifestation of ADHD symptoms, the variability in the size of the BOLD signal across individuals was significantly higher for the ADHD group than for the control group, and variability across the time series in individuals with ADHD was linked to symptom severity and Behavioral Performance. The results suggest that a diverse set of brain structures is linked to ADHD symptoms and that the variability of activation within these regions may contribute to compromised attentional control.
Nancy Kanwisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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only some spatial patterns of fmri response are read out in task Performance
Nature Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Mark A. Williams, Sabin Dang, Nancy KanwisherAbstract:Classification methods show that the spatial pattern of a functional magnetic resonance imaging response across the cortex contains category information, but whether such patterns are used, or 'read out', in Behavioral Performance remains untested. We show that although the spatial pattern in both the retinotopic and lateral occipital cortex (LOC) in humans contains category information, only in the LOC is the pattern stronger for correct than for incorrect trials. Thus, some, but not all, spatial patterns are read out during task Performance.