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Raul Narciso C. Guedes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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face or flee fenitrothion Resistance and Behavioral response in populations of the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2011Co-Authors: Lucas S. Braga, Alberto S. Corrêa, E J G Pereira, Raul Narciso C. GuedesAbstract:Abstract Insect survival in the presence of contact insecticides may be through physiological mechanisms or avoidance of contact with the compound. Curiously, although the first alternative is the object of frequent attention, the second is often neglected, but both may lead to insecticide Resistance. Preliminary evidence for both physiological and Behavioral Resistance to pyrethroids has been obtained for a few strains of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Here we carried out a more comprehensive survey using 15 populations of S. zeamais, by examining a long-used but relatively little studied organophosphate – fenitrothion, recording not only physiological Resistance, but also the Behavioral responses to exposure. Physiological Resistance to fenitrothion among populations of S. zeamais reached low to moderate levels (ranging from 0.9 to 14.1× at the LC50), an increase in Resistance levels compared with previous studies. Fenitrothion-induced Behavioral avoidance varied among populations, particularly regarding insecticide irritability (i.e., avoidance after contact with fenitrothion), but the Behavioral responses observed were mainly stimulus-independent. However, there was no correlation between physiological and Behavioral Resistance to fenitrothion in S. zeamais populations. Both survival strategies to fenitrothion – facing or fleeing the insecticide exposure, were observed and may co-occur in a single population, emphasizing the need of assessing both responses and their relative importance in designing management programs against stored-product insects.
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Physiological and Behavioral Resistance to esfenvalerate + fenitrothion in populations of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2010Co-Authors: Alberto S. Corrêa, E.m.g. Cordeiro, Lucas S. Braga, E. J. G. Peireira, Raul Narciso C. GuedesAbstract:The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is considered the main pest of stored maize in Brazil and its control is achieved mainly by insecticides. The massive and intensive use of these compounds may lead to selection of resistant populations and consequently compromise the control efficacy of this insect pest in Brazilian storage facilities. Therefore, we surveyed physiological and Behavioral Resistance to the insecticide mixture esfenvalerate + fenitrothion in 27 populations of S. zeamais collected in several Brazilian counties and Paraguay, and also investigated possible costs associated with this phenomenon. The insects were subjected to concentration-mortality bioassays to determine the lethal concentrations LC 50 and LC 95 . The populations were also subjected to two walking trials on surfaces fully-treated and partially-treated with dried insecticide residues for detection of Behavioral Resistance. We also determined the instantaneous rate of population increase (ri), and body mass of individuals of each population. The concentration-mortality bioassays indicated Resistance ratios (at LC 50 ) ranging from 1.00 to 5.02x for the insecticide mixture esfenvalerate + fenitrothion compared with the susceptible standard population (Sete Lagoas). Although the Resistance ratios were modest at LC 50 , they reached up to 232x at LC 95 (Votuporanga county, Sao Paulo, Brazil). The Behavioral trait of walking in treated arena varied among populations and sex, but there was no significant avoidance to the insecticide mixture. There was no correlation between physiological and Behavioral Resistance, indicating that physiological Resistance is independent of Behavioral Resistance in the populations tested. There was no significant difference in the instantaneous rate of increase (ri), and body mass among the insects. Therefore, we conclude that there was no fitness cost associated with the levels of Resistance observed in the populations studied. Keywords : Insecticide Resistance, Locomotion, Behavioral avoidance, Fitness cost, Rate of population growth
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physiological and Behavioral Resistance to esfenvalerate fenitrothion in populations of the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2010Co-Authors: Alberto S. Corrêa, E.m.g. Cordeiro, Lucas S. Braga, E. J. G. Peireira, Raul Narciso C. GuedesAbstract:The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is considered the main pest of stored maize in Brazil and its control is achieved mainly by insecticides. The massive and intensive use of these compounds may lead to selection of resistant populations and consequently compromise the control efficacy of this insect pest in Brazilian storage facilities. Therefore, we surveyed physiological and Behavioral Resistance to the insecticide mixture esfenvalerate + fenitrothion in 27 populations of S. zeamais collected in several Brazilian counties and Paraguay, and also investigated possible costs associated with this phenomenon. The insects were subjected to concentration-mortality bioassays to determine the lethal concentrations LC 50 and LC 95 . The populations were also subjected to two walking trials on surfaces fully-treated and partially-treated with dried insecticide residues for detection of Behavioral Resistance. We also determined the instantaneous rate of population increase (ri), and body mass of individuals of each population. The concentration-mortality bioassays indicated Resistance ratios (at LC 50 ) ranging from 1.00 to 5.02x for the insecticide mixture esfenvalerate + fenitrothion compared with the susceptible standard population (Sete Lagoas). Although the Resistance ratios were modest at LC 50 , they reached up to 232x at LC 95 (Votuporanga county, Sao Paulo, Brazil). The Behavioral trait of walking in treated arena varied among populations and sex, but there was no significant avoidance to the insecticide mixture. There was no correlation between physiological and Behavioral Resistance, indicating that physiological Resistance is independent of Behavioral Resistance in the populations tested. There was no significant difference in the instantaneous rate of increase (ri), and body mass among the insects. Therefore, we conclude that there was no fitness cost associated with the levels of Resistance observed in the populations studied. Keywords : Insecticide Resistance, Locomotion, Behavioral avoidance, Fitness cost, Rate of population growth
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Flight take-off and walking behavior of insecticide-susceptible and - resistant strains of Sitophilus zeamais exposed to deltamethrin.
Bulletin of entomological research, 2009Co-Authors: Nelsa Maria P. Guedes, Raul Narciso C. Guedes, G.h. Ferreira, L.b. SilvaAbstract:Insects have evolved a variety of physiological and Behavioral responses to various toxins in natural and managed ecosystems. However, insect behavior is seldom considered in insecticide studies although insects are capable of changing their behavior in response to their sensory perception of insecticides, which may compromise insecticide efficacy. This is particularly serious for insect pests that are physiologically resistant to insecticides since insecticide avoidance may further compromise their management. Locomotion plays a major role determining insecticide exposure and was, therefore, considered in investigating the Behavioral responses of male and female adult insects from an insecticide-susceptible and two insecticide-resistant strains of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major pest of stored cereals. Different dose-dependent Behavioral responses were expected among strains with Behavioral Resistance less likely to occur in physiologically resistant insects since they are able to withstand higher doses of insecticide. The Behavioral responses to deltamethrin-sprayed surfaces differed among the maize weevil strains. Such responses were concentration-independent for all of the strains. Stimulus-independent Behavioral Resistance was unrelated to physiological Resistance with one resistant strain exhibiting higher rates of flight take-off and the other resistant strain exhibiting lower flight take-off. Female mobility was similar for all strains, unlike male mobility. Males of each strain exhibited a pattern of mobility following the same trend of flight take-off. Behavioral patterns of response to insecticide are, therefore, variable among strains, particularly among insecticide-resistant strains, and worth considering in Resistance surveys and management programs.
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organophosphate Resistance in the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais magnitude and behavior
Crop Protection, 2009Co-Authors: E.m.g. Cordeiro, Raul Narciso C. Guedes, E J G Pereira, C J Pereira, T M C Della Lucia, Marcos Rogerio TotolaAbstract:Abstract Development of insecticide Resistance is a serious worldwide challenge for pest management of stored-product insects, as recognized since the FAO Global Survey of the mid-1970s. In this study, we carried out a survey of physiological and Behavioral Resistance to two organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos-methyl and fenitrothion) in 14 populations of Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Brazil and one from Paraguay and investigated if differences in population growth, body size, and respiration rate were associated with the Resistance. Concentration-mortality bioassays were carried out and Behavioral Resistance was studied by recording the walking behavior on filter-paper half-treated with insecticide and determining the distance walked, walking velocity, resting time, and time spent on the treated side of the arena. The instantaneous rate of population growth ( r i ) was determined, and so were maize consumption, insect body mass, and insect respiration rate. Only low levels of Resistance were detected to chlorpyrifos-methyl (≤6.1-fold) and fenitrothion (≤7.7-fold). The walking behavior on treated surfaces varied among the populations, but no repellence was detected and no significant correlation was observed between the level of organophosphate Resistance and the mobility parameters assessed. Population growth and respiration rate were similar among the populations although there were differences in food consumption and insect body mass. The results of this study indicate that the levels of organophosphate Resistance in Brazilian populations of maize weevil are low and not associated with fitness costs. No evidence of Behavioral avoidance to organophosphates was observed.
Alec C. Gerry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic evaluation and characterization of Behavioral Resistance to imidacloprid in the house fly.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Caleb B Hubbard, Alec C. GerryAbstract:Abstract Insecticide Resistance in pest populations is an increasing problem in both urban and rural settings due to over-application of insecticides and lack of rotation among insecticidal chemical classes. The house fly (Musca domestica L.) is a cosmopolitan pest fly species implicated in the transmission of numerous pathogens. The evolution of insecticide Resistance long has been documented in house flies, with Resistance reported to all major insecticide classes. House fly Resistance to imidacloprid, the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide available for fly control, has evolved in field populations through both physiological and Behavioral mechanisms. Previous studies have characterized and mapped the genetic changes that confer physiological Resistance to imidacloprid, but no study have examined the genetics involved in Behavioral Resistance to imidacloprid to date. In the current study, several approaches were utilized to characterize the genetics and inheritance of Behavioral Resistance to imidacloprid in the house fly. These include Behavioral observation analyses, preference assays, and the use of genetic techniques for the identification of house fly chromosome(s) carrying factors. Behavioral Resistance was mapped to autosomes 1 and 4. Inheritance of Resistance was shown to be neither fully dominant nor recessive. Factors on autosomes 1 and 4 independently conferred contact-dependent avoidance of imidacloprid and a feeding preference for sugar alone or for sugar with dinotefuran, another neonicotinoid insecticide, over imidacloprid. This study serves as the first linkage analysis of a Behavioral trait in the house fly, and provides new avenues for research regarding inherited behavior in the house fly and other animals.
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Selection, Reversion, and Characterization of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Behavioral Resistance to the Insecticide Imidacloprid.
Journal of medical entomology, 2020Co-Authors: Caleb B Hubbard, Alec C. GerryAbstract:Insecticide Resistance in pest populations is an increasing problem in both urban and rural settings caused by over-application of insecticides and lack of rotation among chemical classes. The house fly (Musca domestica L.) is a cosmopolitan fly species implicated in the transmission of numerous pathogens, and which can be extremely pestiferous when present in high numbers. The evolution of insecticide Resistance has long been documented in house flies, with Resistance reported to all major insecticide classes. House fly Resistance to imidacloprid, the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide available for fly control, has been selected for in field populations through both physiological and Behavioral Resistance mechanisms. In the current study, house flies collected from a southern California dairy were selectively bred for Behavioral Resistance to imidacloprid, without increasing the physiological Resistance profile of the selected flies. Flies were also successfully selected for Behavioral susceptibility to imidacloprid. The rapid selection for either Behavioral Resistance or Behavioral susceptibility suggests that inheritable alleles conferring Behavioral Resistance were already present in the wild-type fly population collected from the dairy site. The methods used for the specific selection of Behavioral Resistance (or susceptibility) in the fly population will be useful for further studies on the specific mechanisms conferring this Resistance. House fly Behavioral Resistance was further investigated using Behavioral observation and feeding preference assays, with Resistance determined to be both contact-dependent and specific to the insecticide (imidacloprid) rather than to a non-insecticidal component of a bait matrix as previously documented.
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Behavioral Resistance of house flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to imidacloprid.
U.S. Army Medical Department journal, 2009Co-Authors: Alec C. Gerry, Diane ZhangAbstract:House flies captured at a field site in southern California were examined for physiological and Behavioral Resistance to the insecticidal toxicant imidacloprid using a no-choice and a choice feeding assay, respectively. Relative to a susceptible laboratory colony of house flies, field-captured house flies demonstrated moderate physiological Resistance to imidacloprid using a no-choice feeding assay. In contrast, Behavioral Resistance of field-captured flies was very high with 72% survival of flies at even the highest imidacloprid concentrations tested using a choice feeding assay. Since the introduction of imidacloprid baits in California during 2003, the overuse of imidacloprid baits in southern California has resulted in the rapid selection, over only 5 years, of a house fly population that is highly resistant to imidacloprid. While house fly Resistance is shown to be both physiological and Behavioral, observed field failures of imidacloprid fly baits are primarily due to Behavioral Resistance. Field-deployable kits to assess Behavioral Resistance of house flies and other important insect pests are needed.
Ali Sadjadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rodenticide Comparative Effect of Klerat® and Zinc Phosphide for Controlling Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Iran.
Iranian journal of parasitology, 2016Co-Authors: Arshad Veysi, Hassan Vatandoost, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-ershadi, Reza Jafari, Mohammad Hossein Arandian, Mostafa Hosseini, Reza Fadaei, Javad Ramazanpour, Kamal Heidari, Ali SadjadiAbstract:Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a neglected disease with public health importance that is common in many rural areas of Iran. In recent years, Behavioral Resistance and/or bait shyness against the common rodenticide among reservoir hosts of ZCL have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Klerat® and zinc phosphide against natural reservoir of ZCL. Methods: This survey was carried out in four villages located 45 to 95 km far from Esfahan City Esfahan province, central Iran from April to November 2011. The rodent burrows were counted destroyed and reopened holes baited around all villages. Effect of rodent control operation on the main vector density and incidence of ZCL were evaluated. Results: The reduction rate of rodent burrows after intervention calculated to be at 62.8% in Klerat® and 58.15% in zinc phosphide treated areas. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the densities of the vector in indoors and outdoors in intervention and control areas. The incidence of the disease between treated and control areas after intervention was statistically different ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Klerat® could be a suitable alternative for zinc phosphide in a specific condition such as behavior Resistance or occurrence of bait shyness.
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Comparative study on the effectiveness of coumavec® and zinc phosphide in controlling zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in a hyperendemic focus in central iran.
Journal of arthropod-borne diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Arshad Veysi, Hassan Vatandoost, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-ershadi, Reza Jafari, Mohammad Hossein Arandian, Mostafa Hosseini, Kamal Heidari, H. Abdoli, Yavar Rassi, Ali SadjadiAbstract:Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is an increasing health pro blems in many rural areas of Iran. The aim of this study was to introduce a new alternative rodenticide to control the reservoirs of ZCL , its effect on the vector density and the incidence of the disease in hyperendemic f ocus of Esfahan County, central Iran. Methods: The study was carried out from January 2011 to January 2012. In intervention areas, rodent control operation was conducted using zinc phosphide or Coumavec®. Active case findings were done by house-to-house visits once every season during 2011–2012. To evaluate the effect of rodent control operation on the vector dens ity, sand flies were collected twice a month using sticky traps. Results: The reduction rate of rodent holes in intervention areas with Coumavec® and zinc phosphide were 48.46% and 58.15% respectively, whereas in control area results showed 6.66 folds intensification. The Incidence of ZCL significantly reduced in the treated areas. Totally, 3200 adult sand flies were collected and identified in the inter vention and control areas. In the treated area with zinc phosphide, the density of Phlebotomus papatasiwas higher in outdoors in contrast with the treated area by Coumavec® which the de nsity of the sand fly was higher in indoors. Conclusion: Both rodenticides were effective on the incidence of ZCL and the population of the reservoirs as well. Coumavec® seems to be effective on the outdoor density of the vector. This combination of rodenticide -insecticide could be a suitable alternative for zinc phosphide while bait shyness or Behavioral Resistance is occurred.
L.b. Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flight take-off and walking behavior of insecticide-susceptible and - resistant strains of Sitophilus zeamais exposed to deltamethrin.
Bulletin of entomological research, 2009Co-Authors: Nelsa Maria P. Guedes, Raul Narciso C. Guedes, G.h. Ferreira, L.b. SilvaAbstract:Insects have evolved a variety of physiological and Behavioral responses to various toxins in natural and managed ecosystems. However, insect behavior is seldom considered in insecticide studies although insects are capable of changing their behavior in response to their sensory perception of insecticides, which may compromise insecticide efficacy. This is particularly serious for insect pests that are physiologically resistant to insecticides since insecticide avoidance may further compromise their management. Locomotion plays a major role determining insecticide exposure and was, therefore, considered in investigating the Behavioral responses of male and female adult insects from an insecticide-susceptible and two insecticide-resistant strains of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major pest of stored cereals. Different dose-dependent Behavioral responses were expected among strains with Behavioral Resistance less likely to occur in physiologically resistant insects since they are able to withstand higher doses of insecticide. The Behavioral responses to deltamethrin-sprayed surfaces differed among the maize weevil strains. Such responses were concentration-independent for all of the strains. Stimulus-independent Behavioral Resistance was unrelated to physiological Resistance with one resistant strain exhibiting higher rates of flight take-off and the other resistant strain exhibiting lower flight take-off. Female mobility was similar for all strains, unlike male mobility. Males of each strain exhibited a pattern of mobility following the same trend of flight take-off. Behavioral patterns of response to insecticide are, therefore, variable among strains, particularly among insecticide-resistant strains, and worth considering in Resistance surveys and management programs.
Mary H Ross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Response of Behaviorally resistant German cockroaches (Dictyoptera : Blattellidae) to the active ingredient in a commercial bait
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1998Co-Authors: Mary H RossAbstract:Previous study showed that German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), evolved Behavioral Resistance to a chlorpyrifos-based commercial bait. Feeding experiments with chorpyrifos-treated dog chow were undertaken to determine whether cockroaches avoided the active ingredient or a base ingredient. The results indicate that Resistance was caused by aversion to the active ingredient.
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Evolution of Behavioral Resistance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) selected with a toxic bait
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1997Co-Authors: Mary H RossAbstract:Two strains of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), with low-level chlorpyrifos Resistance were given a choice between a chlorpyrifos bait and an alternate food source. Survivors were mated, their progeny tested, and the procedure repeated for 5 generations on 1 strain and 7 on the other. Selection caused mortality to drop from 50 to 9.2% in 1 strain and from 38 to 6.7% in the other. Percentage bait consumption (amount of bait consumed divided by total food consumption) was >50% of that in the parent strains. Physiological Resistance tended to increase slightly in 1 strain but to decrease in the other. Increased avoidance was the major cause of the drop in mortality.
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The response of German cockroaches to toxic baits: strain differences and the effects of selection pressure
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1997Co-Authors: Tracy F. Negus, Mary H RossAbstract:Strain differences in the response of German cockroaches to toxic baits and their potential to evolve Resistance to them was evaluated in choice tests. Percentage bait consumption (amount of bait consumed divided by total food consumed) was used to estimate relative attractancy/repellency of the baits. One strain apparently had low level Resistance to abamectin, but no evidence of Resistance was found in other strains tested with either Roach Ender or a gel bait (abamectin-based baits). Incipient Behavioral Resistance occurred in two strains selected for three generations with Roach Ender; a stronger response in a strain selected with the gel bait is attributed to the development of Behavioral Resistance. Baygon bait was highly repellent. Low level Resistance to propoxur caused a large decrease in mortality compared with susceptible strains. Strong Behavioral Resistance developed in strains selected with Stapleton's Magnetic Roach Food.
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Control of German Cockroaches with a Hydramethylnon Bait
Arthropod Management Tests, 1996Co-Authors: Mary H RossAbstract:Abstract The response of German cockroaches to MaxForce, a 0.05% hydramethylnon bait (Clorox Co.), in the presence of an alternate food source, was evaluated. Also, survivors were saved, mated, and progeny tested to investigate the possible development of either physiological or Behavioral Resistance. Cockroaches were from 5 field-collected strains from different geographic localities. Ten male and 10 female 6th instars were starved overnight, placed in 5 gal aquaria, and given a choice of dog chow or bait. Tests were run for 48 h. Mortality was recorded during and after the test until 2 d passed with no further death. Bait and dog chow consumption was determined (mg). Bait preference/avoidance was evaluated by dividing bait consumption by total food consumption (bait + dog chow). Six to 8 replicates were done on each strain in each generation.
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Behavioral Resistance of field collected german cockroaches blattodea blattellidae to baits containing glucose
Environmental Entomology, 1994Co-Authors: Jules Silverman, Mary H RossAbstract:German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), collected from a number of field locations, ranging from Florida to South Korea, displayed an avoidance behavior to a bait formulation. Cockroaches collected from locations that had a history of treatment with this formulation demonstrated bait avoidance, whereas laboratory and field strains with no prior exposure ingested and were susceptible to the toxic bait. Thus, Behavioral Resistance had evolved in these insects. Selection experiments showed that several susceptible strains were potentially capable of developing Behavioral Resistance. Strains that avoided ingesting bait also displayed an aversion to glucose, which is a component of the bait that is typically phagostimulatory. Substitution of fructose for glucose in toxic baits significantly improved bait efficacy.