The Experts below are selected from a list of 93 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Dov Tamarkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The toxicity of Behenyl Alcohol. II. Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2002
    Co-Authors: Guadalupe Iglesias, Jason J. Hlywka, James Berg, Mohammed H. Khalil, Laura E. Pope, Dov Tamarkin
    Abstract:

    Behenyl Alcohol is a saturated 22-carbon, long-chain aliphatic Alcohol, which has potential for use in foods as an oil-structuring and -solidifying agent in fats. Previously completed studies with Behenyl Alcohol indicated an absence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential. In addition, subchronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs reported no adverse effects following gross and histopathological examinations. Compound-related effects were limited to the observation of pale feces in dogs treated with high doses of Behenyl Alcohol, and were attributable to unabsorbed Behenyl Alcohol. The reproductive effects of Behenyl Alcohol were investigated in a fertility and reproduction study, and an embryonic development study in rats and rabbits, respectively. No evidence of maternal or fetal toxicity was observed in either study. Behenyl Alcohol demonstrated no effects on the fertility or reproduction of rats dosed up to 1000 mg/kg body weight. Similarly, Behenyl Alcohol had no reproductive effects on rabbits treated with doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. The observation of pale feces was the only compound-related effect reported, limited to rabbits treated with 2000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight. Based on these findings, there is no evidence to suggest that Behenyl Alcohol is teratogenic or embryotoxic.

  • The toxicity of Behenyl Alcohol. I. Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity in rats and dogs.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2002
    Co-Authors: Guadalupe Iglesias, Jason J. Hlywka, James Berg, Mohammed H. Khalil, Laura E. Pope, Dov Tamarkin
    Abstract:

    The genotoxic potential of Behenyl Alcohol, a saturated long-chain (C22:0) fatty Alcohol, was examined in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, the gene mutation, and chromosome aberrations assays in Chinese hamster V79 cells, and the micronucleus assay in NMRI mice. Behenyl Alcohol did not increase the number of revertants per plate compared to controls in the S. typhimurium assay, with or without metabolic activation. No significant increases in the number of mutant colonies or in structural chromosome aberrations were observed in Chinese hamster V79 cells. In addition, Behenyl Alcohol did not increase the frequency of bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) micronuclei in mice in vivo. In two subchronic toxicity studies, CD rats and beagle dogs were administered Behenyl Alcohol by oral gavage for at least 26 weeks at doses of 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight/day for rats and 0, 20, 200, or 2000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight/day for dogs. Adverse effects were not observed following gross and histopathological evaluations of dosed rats. Compound-related effects in dogs were limited to observations of pale feces, indicative of unabsorbed Behenyl Alcohol, at doses of 2000 mg/kg body weight/day. There were no histopathological changes observed in dogs dosed with Behenyl Alcohol. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for Behenyl Alcohol was 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for rats, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day for dogs, the highest doses used in these studies.

Dong-pyo Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • computational simulation on steric hindrance between hydrophobic tails of lamellar matrix composed of acyl glutamate stearyl Alcohol Behenyl Alcohol by molecular dynamics
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Dong-sung Seo, Jin-chul Kim, Dong-pyo Kim
    Abstract:

    Abstract Monosodium N-stearoyl- l -glutamate (MSSG), an amino acid surfactant, could associate with higher Alcohols such as stearyl Alcohol (SA) and Behenyl Alcohol (BA) and they were self-assembled into a lamella in an aqueous phase. When MSSG, SA and BA were assumed to associate each other in molar ratios of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:2 and 1:1:3, the packing parameter of each associate was calculated using molecular dynamics (MD). Among them, only 1:1:1 associate and 1:1:3 one exhibited packing parameters of around 1. According to the result of colloidal stability, however, the lamella composed of 1:1:3 associate was poorly stable while that of 1:1:1 associate was stable. In order to explain why the colloidal stability is not related to the packing parameter, the concept of steric compressibility was introduced. Steric compressibility is a measure of vertical steric hindrance occurred between hydrophobic tails of lamella. The value of steric compressibility, calculated by MD, of 1:1:1 and 1:1:3 associates were 4.7 and 8.2, respectively. That is, the vertical repulsion in the lamella of 1:1:3 associate might be greater than in the lamella of 1:1:1 associate. This would account for why the lamella of 1:1:3 associate is poorly stable even though the packing parameter is almost 1. Besides the condition that packing parameter is to be around 1, the steric compressibility of lamella should be as low as possible to achieve a stable lamella.

  • Computational simulation on steric hindrance between hydrophobic tails of lamellar matrix composed of acyl glutamate/stearyl Alcohol/Behenyl Alcohol by molecular dynamics
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Dong-sung Seo, Jin-chul Kim, Dong-pyo Kim
    Abstract:

    Abstract Monosodium N-stearoyl- l -glutamate (MSSG), an amino acid surfactant, could associate with higher Alcohols such as stearyl Alcohol (SA) and Behenyl Alcohol (BA) and they were self-assembled into a lamella in an aqueous phase. When MSSG, SA and BA were assumed to associate each other in molar ratios of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:2 and 1:1:3, the packing parameter of each associate was calculated using molecular dynamics (MD). Among them, only 1:1:1 associate and 1:1:3 one exhibited packing parameters of around 1. According to the result of colloidal stability, however, the lamella composed of 1:1:3 associate was poorly stable while that of 1:1:1 associate was stable. In order to explain why the colloidal stability is not related to the packing parameter, the concept of steric compressibility was introduced. Steric compressibility is a measure of vertical steric hindrance occurred between hydrophobic tails of lamella. The value of steric compressibility, calculated by MD, of 1:1:1 and 1:1:3 associates were 4.7 and 8.2, respectively. That is, the vertical repulsion in the lamella of 1:1:3 associate might be greater than in the lamella of 1:1:1 associate. This would account for why the lamella of 1:1:3 associate is poorly stable even though the packing parameter is almost 1. Besides the condition that packing parameter is to be around 1, the steric compressibility of lamella should be as low as possible to achieve a stable lamella.

Guadalupe Iglesias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The toxicity of Behenyl Alcohol. II. Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2002
    Co-Authors: Guadalupe Iglesias, Jason J. Hlywka, James Berg, Mohammed H. Khalil, Laura E. Pope, Dov Tamarkin
    Abstract:

    Behenyl Alcohol is a saturated 22-carbon, long-chain aliphatic Alcohol, which has potential for use in foods as an oil-structuring and -solidifying agent in fats. Previously completed studies with Behenyl Alcohol indicated an absence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential. In addition, subchronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs reported no adverse effects following gross and histopathological examinations. Compound-related effects were limited to the observation of pale feces in dogs treated with high doses of Behenyl Alcohol, and were attributable to unabsorbed Behenyl Alcohol. The reproductive effects of Behenyl Alcohol were investigated in a fertility and reproduction study, and an embryonic development study in rats and rabbits, respectively. No evidence of maternal or fetal toxicity was observed in either study. Behenyl Alcohol demonstrated no effects on the fertility or reproduction of rats dosed up to 1000 mg/kg body weight. Similarly, Behenyl Alcohol had no reproductive effects on rabbits treated with doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. The observation of pale feces was the only compound-related effect reported, limited to rabbits treated with 2000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight. Based on these findings, there is no evidence to suggest that Behenyl Alcohol is teratogenic or embryotoxic.

  • The toxicity of Behenyl Alcohol. I. Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity in rats and dogs.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2002
    Co-Authors: Guadalupe Iglesias, Jason J. Hlywka, James Berg, Mohammed H. Khalil, Laura E. Pope, Dov Tamarkin
    Abstract:

    The genotoxic potential of Behenyl Alcohol, a saturated long-chain (C22:0) fatty Alcohol, was examined in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, the gene mutation, and chromosome aberrations assays in Chinese hamster V79 cells, and the micronucleus assay in NMRI mice. Behenyl Alcohol did not increase the number of revertants per plate compared to controls in the S. typhimurium assay, with or without metabolic activation. No significant increases in the number of mutant colonies or in structural chromosome aberrations were observed in Chinese hamster V79 cells. In addition, Behenyl Alcohol did not increase the frequency of bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) micronuclei in mice in vivo. In two subchronic toxicity studies, CD rats and beagle dogs were administered Behenyl Alcohol by oral gavage for at least 26 weeks at doses of 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight/day for rats and 0, 20, 200, or 2000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight/day for dogs. Adverse effects were not observed following gross and histopathological evaluations of dosed rats. Compound-related effects in dogs were limited to observations of pale feces, indicative of unabsorbed Behenyl Alcohol, at doses of 2000 mg/kg body weight/day. There were no histopathological changes observed in dogs dosed with Behenyl Alcohol. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for Behenyl Alcohol was 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for rats, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day for dogs, the highest doses used in these studies.

Dong-sung Seo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • computational simulation on steric hindrance between hydrophobic tails of lamellar matrix composed of acyl glutamate stearyl Alcohol Behenyl Alcohol by molecular dynamics
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Dong-sung Seo, Jin-chul Kim, Dong-pyo Kim
    Abstract:

    Abstract Monosodium N-stearoyl- l -glutamate (MSSG), an amino acid surfactant, could associate with higher Alcohols such as stearyl Alcohol (SA) and Behenyl Alcohol (BA) and they were self-assembled into a lamella in an aqueous phase. When MSSG, SA and BA were assumed to associate each other in molar ratios of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:2 and 1:1:3, the packing parameter of each associate was calculated using molecular dynamics (MD). Among them, only 1:1:1 associate and 1:1:3 one exhibited packing parameters of around 1. According to the result of colloidal stability, however, the lamella composed of 1:1:3 associate was poorly stable while that of 1:1:1 associate was stable. In order to explain why the colloidal stability is not related to the packing parameter, the concept of steric compressibility was introduced. Steric compressibility is a measure of vertical steric hindrance occurred between hydrophobic tails of lamella. The value of steric compressibility, calculated by MD, of 1:1:1 and 1:1:3 associates were 4.7 and 8.2, respectively. That is, the vertical repulsion in the lamella of 1:1:3 associate might be greater than in the lamella of 1:1:1 associate. This would account for why the lamella of 1:1:3 associate is poorly stable even though the packing parameter is almost 1. Besides the condition that packing parameter is to be around 1, the steric compressibility of lamella should be as low as possible to achieve a stable lamella.

  • Computational simulation on steric hindrance between hydrophobic tails of lamellar matrix composed of acyl glutamate/stearyl Alcohol/Behenyl Alcohol by molecular dynamics
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Dong-sung Seo, Jin-chul Kim, Dong-pyo Kim
    Abstract:

    Abstract Monosodium N-stearoyl- l -glutamate (MSSG), an amino acid surfactant, could associate with higher Alcohols such as stearyl Alcohol (SA) and Behenyl Alcohol (BA) and they were self-assembled into a lamella in an aqueous phase. When MSSG, SA and BA were assumed to associate each other in molar ratios of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:2 and 1:1:3, the packing parameter of each associate was calculated using molecular dynamics (MD). Among them, only 1:1:1 associate and 1:1:3 one exhibited packing parameters of around 1. According to the result of colloidal stability, however, the lamella composed of 1:1:3 associate was poorly stable while that of 1:1:1 associate was stable. In order to explain why the colloidal stability is not related to the packing parameter, the concept of steric compressibility was introduced. Steric compressibility is a measure of vertical steric hindrance occurred between hydrophobic tails of lamella. The value of steric compressibility, calculated by MD, of 1:1:1 and 1:1:3 associates were 4.7 and 8.2, respectively. That is, the vertical repulsion in the lamella of 1:1:3 associate might be greater than in the lamella of 1:1:1 associate. This would account for why the lamella of 1:1:3 associate is poorly stable even though the packing parameter is almost 1. Besides the condition that packing parameter is to be around 1, the steric compressibility of lamella should be as low as possible to achieve a stable lamella.

James Berg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The toxicity of Behenyl Alcohol. II. Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2002
    Co-Authors: Guadalupe Iglesias, Jason J. Hlywka, James Berg, Mohammed H. Khalil, Laura E. Pope, Dov Tamarkin
    Abstract:

    Behenyl Alcohol is a saturated 22-carbon, long-chain aliphatic Alcohol, which has potential for use in foods as an oil-structuring and -solidifying agent in fats. Previously completed studies with Behenyl Alcohol indicated an absence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential. In addition, subchronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs reported no adverse effects following gross and histopathological examinations. Compound-related effects were limited to the observation of pale feces in dogs treated with high doses of Behenyl Alcohol, and were attributable to unabsorbed Behenyl Alcohol. The reproductive effects of Behenyl Alcohol were investigated in a fertility and reproduction study, and an embryonic development study in rats and rabbits, respectively. No evidence of maternal or fetal toxicity was observed in either study. Behenyl Alcohol demonstrated no effects on the fertility or reproduction of rats dosed up to 1000 mg/kg body weight. Similarly, Behenyl Alcohol had no reproductive effects on rabbits treated with doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. The observation of pale feces was the only compound-related effect reported, limited to rabbits treated with 2000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight. Based on these findings, there is no evidence to suggest that Behenyl Alcohol is teratogenic or embryotoxic.

  • The toxicity of Behenyl Alcohol. I. Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity in rats and dogs.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2002
    Co-Authors: Guadalupe Iglesias, Jason J. Hlywka, James Berg, Mohammed H. Khalil, Laura E. Pope, Dov Tamarkin
    Abstract:

    The genotoxic potential of Behenyl Alcohol, a saturated long-chain (C22:0) fatty Alcohol, was examined in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, the gene mutation, and chromosome aberrations assays in Chinese hamster V79 cells, and the micronucleus assay in NMRI mice. Behenyl Alcohol did not increase the number of revertants per plate compared to controls in the S. typhimurium assay, with or without metabolic activation. No significant increases in the number of mutant colonies or in structural chromosome aberrations were observed in Chinese hamster V79 cells. In addition, Behenyl Alcohol did not increase the frequency of bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) micronuclei in mice in vivo. In two subchronic toxicity studies, CD rats and beagle dogs were administered Behenyl Alcohol by oral gavage for at least 26 weeks at doses of 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight/day for rats and 0, 20, 200, or 2000 mg Behenyl Alcohol/kg body weight/day for dogs. Adverse effects were not observed following gross and histopathological evaluations of dosed rats. Compound-related effects in dogs were limited to observations of pale feces, indicative of unabsorbed Behenyl Alcohol, at doses of 2000 mg/kg body weight/day. There were no histopathological changes observed in dogs dosed with Behenyl Alcohol. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for Behenyl Alcohol was 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for rats, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day for dogs, the highest doses used in these studies.