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P. Graf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect on the nasal mucosa of long term treatment with oxymetazoline Benzalkonium chloride and placebo nasal sprays
    Laryngoscope, 1996
    Co-Authors: P. Graf, Hans Hallen
    Abstract:

    A parallel, randomized, double-blind study was performed in 30 healthy subjects to investigate the effects on the nasal mucosa of a 1-month treatment with nasal sprays. Ten subjects received oxymetazoline nasal spray; 10 subjects used a nasal spray containing the preservative Benzalkonium chloride, and the others were treated with a placebo nasal spray. The three variables that were studied --nasal mucosal swelling, symptom scores, and nasal reactivity-- were estimated by histamine challenge before and after 28 days of treatment. Rhinostereometry was used to measure nasal mucosal swelling and nasal reactivity. After 28 days of use, Benzalkonium chloride spray alone induced an increase in nasal mucosal swelling. At the end of the month, the score for nasal stuffiness was significantly higher for the group treated with oxymetazoline than for those treated with Benzalkonium chloride. Oxymetazoline nasal spray induced a pronounced increase in nasal reactivity, which was significantly greater than that induced in the placebo group. Long-term use of placebo and Benzalkonium chloride nasal sprays also caused an increase in nasal reactivity, but not to the same extent as with the nasal sprays containing oxymetazoline. The authors concluded that long-term use of oxymetazoline induces a sensation of nasal stuffiness, which may be due to unconscious exaggeration of the degree of nasal stuffiness, induced nasal hyperreactivity, or a combination of both. These factors are probably the main reasons for the prolonged use of nasal decongestive sprays and the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. Benzalkonium chloride induces mucosal swelling, which explains why the presence of this preservative in a decongestant spray aggravates rhinitis medicamentosa.

  • Benzalkonium chloride in a decongestant nasal spray aggravates rhinitis medicamentosa in healthy volunteers
    Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 1995
    Co-Authors: P. Graf, Hans Hallen, Janerik Juto
    Abstract:

    Summary A randomized double-blind parallel study with 20 healthy volunteers was performed to research the effect of a preservative in a decongestant nasal spray on the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. Ten subjects received oxymetazoline nasal spray with Benzalkonium chloride and the others used oxymetazoline nasal spray without the preservative three times daily for 30 days. Before starting the course of treatment and after its conclusion, recordings of the mucosal surface positions were made with rhinostereometry followed by histamine challenge tests. Symptoms of nasal stuffiness were estimated on visual analogue scales (0–100) in the morning and the evening just before using the nasal spray. After 30 days, rebound swelling and nasal stuffiness were found in both groups. In the group receiving oxymetazoline nasal spray with Benzalkonium chloride the mean rebound swelling was 1.1 mm and the estimated mean evening symptom score for nasal stuffiness was 43. In the group without Benzalkonium chloride the corresponding variables were significantly less marked, with a mean rebound swelling of 0.5 mm (P<0.05) and a mean evening symptom score of 25 (P<0.05). The increase in histamine sensitivity in both groups was interpreted as a sign of nasal hyperreactivity. A new type of nasal spray bottle was used that has been shown to prevent bacterial contamination. In conclusion, the long-term use of Benzalkonium chloride in oxymetazoline nasal spray accentuates the severity of rhinitis medicamentosa in healthy volunteers.

  • Benzalkonium chloride in nasal decongestive sprays has a long lasting adverse effect on the nasal mucosa of healthy volunteers
    Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 1995
    Co-Authors: Hans Hallen, P. Graf
    Abstract:

    Twenty healthy volunteers participated in the present study on the long-term effects of a nasal decongestive spray composed of either a combination of oxymetazoline nasal spray and Benzalkonium chloride or of oxymetazoline nasal spray alone. Three months before the present study the participants had undergone treatment with nasal decongestants for 4 weeks. Ten of the subjects had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray without Benzalkonium chloride and 10 of them had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray with Benzalkonium chloride. In a double-blind study the subjects who had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray and Benzalkonium chloride were again treated with the same combination of substances as before, and the subjects who had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray alone were also treated again with oxymetazoline nasal spray alone, but on this occasion only for 10 days. Three variables were studied before and after the 10 days of treatment, i.e. nasal mucosa congestion, nasal reactivity and symptom scores. It was found that only the subjects who were treated with the combination of oxymetazoline nasal spray and Benzalkonium chloride had increased nasal stuffiness, estimated by symptom scores and measurements of nasal mucosa swelling after 10 days of treatment. It is concluded that a nasal decongestant spray composed of a combination of vasoactive substance and Benzalkonium chloride has a long-term adverse effect on the nasal mucosa.

Hans Hallen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect on the nasal mucosa of long term treatment with oxymetazoline Benzalkonium chloride and placebo nasal sprays
    Laryngoscope, 1996
    Co-Authors: P. Graf, Hans Hallen
    Abstract:

    A parallel, randomized, double-blind study was performed in 30 healthy subjects to investigate the effects on the nasal mucosa of a 1-month treatment with nasal sprays. Ten subjects received oxymetazoline nasal spray; 10 subjects used a nasal spray containing the preservative Benzalkonium chloride, and the others were treated with a placebo nasal spray. The three variables that were studied --nasal mucosal swelling, symptom scores, and nasal reactivity-- were estimated by histamine challenge before and after 28 days of treatment. Rhinostereometry was used to measure nasal mucosal swelling and nasal reactivity. After 28 days of use, Benzalkonium chloride spray alone induced an increase in nasal mucosal swelling. At the end of the month, the score for nasal stuffiness was significantly higher for the group treated with oxymetazoline than for those treated with Benzalkonium chloride. Oxymetazoline nasal spray induced a pronounced increase in nasal reactivity, which was significantly greater than that induced in the placebo group. Long-term use of placebo and Benzalkonium chloride nasal sprays also caused an increase in nasal reactivity, but not to the same extent as with the nasal sprays containing oxymetazoline. The authors concluded that long-term use of oxymetazoline induces a sensation of nasal stuffiness, which may be due to unconscious exaggeration of the degree of nasal stuffiness, induced nasal hyperreactivity, or a combination of both. These factors are probably the main reasons for the prolonged use of nasal decongestive sprays and the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. Benzalkonium chloride induces mucosal swelling, which explains why the presence of this preservative in a decongestant spray aggravates rhinitis medicamentosa.

  • Benzalkonium chloride in a decongestant nasal spray aggravates rhinitis medicamentosa in healthy volunteers
    Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 1995
    Co-Authors: P. Graf, Hans Hallen, Janerik Juto
    Abstract:

    Summary A randomized double-blind parallel study with 20 healthy volunteers was performed to research the effect of a preservative in a decongestant nasal spray on the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. Ten subjects received oxymetazoline nasal spray with Benzalkonium chloride and the others used oxymetazoline nasal spray without the preservative three times daily for 30 days. Before starting the course of treatment and after its conclusion, recordings of the mucosal surface positions were made with rhinostereometry followed by histamine challenge tests. Symptoms of nasal stuffiness were estimated on visual analogue scales (0–100) in the morning and the evening just before using the nasal spray. After 30 days, rebound swelling and nasal stuffiness were found in both groups. In the group receiving oxymetazoline nasal spray with Benzalkonium chloride the mean rebound swelling was 1.1 mm and the estimated mean evening symptom score for nasal stuffiness was 43. In the group without Benzalkonium chloride the corresponding variables were significantly less marked, with a mean rebound swelling of 0.5 mm (P<0.05) and a mean evening symptom score of 25 (P<0.05). The increase in histamine sensitivity in both groups was interpreted as a sign of nasal hyperreactivity. A new type of nasal spray bottle was used that has been shown to prevent bacterial contamination. In conclusion, the long-term use of Benzalkonium chloride in oxymetazoline nasal spray accentuates the severity of rhinitis medicamentosa in healthy volunteers.

  • Benzalkonium chloride in nasal decongestive sprays has a long lasting adverse effect on the nasal mucosa of healthy volunteers
    Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 1995
    Co-Authors: Hans Hallen, P. Graf
    Abstract:

    Twenty healthy volunteers participated in the present study on the long-term effects of a nasal decongestive spray composed of either a combination of oxymetazoline nasal spray and Benzalkonium chloride or of oxymetazoline nasal spray alone. Three months before the present study the participants had undergone treatment with nasal decongestants for 4 weeks. Ten of the subjects had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray without Benzalkonium chloride and 10 of them had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray with Benzalkonium chloride. In a double-blind study the subjects who had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray and Benzalkonium chloride were again treated with the same combination of substances as before, and the subjects who had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray alone were also treated again with oxymetazoline nasal spray alone, but on this occasion only for 10 days. Three variables were studied before and after the 10 days of treatment, i.e. nasal mucosa congestion, nasal reactivity and symptom scores. It was found that only the subjects who were treated with the combination of oxymetazoline nasal spray and Benzalkonium chloride had increased nasal stuffiness, estimated by symptom scores and measurements of nasal mucosa swelling after 10 days of treatment. It is concluded that a nasal decongestant spray composed of a combination of vasoactive substance and Benzalkonium chloride has a long-term adverse effect on the nasal mucosa.

Jing Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jianjiang Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Yiqin Dai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.