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Ellen Mayer Sabik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Benzocaine induced methemoglobinemia experience from a high volume transesophageal echocardiography laboratory
    Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography, 2003
    Co-Authors: Gian M Novaro, Herbert D Aronow, Michael Militello, Mario J Garcia, Ellen Mayer Sabik
    Abstract:

    Benzocaine (ethyl aminobenzoate), a topical anesthetic widely used before transesophageal echocardiography, has been reported to cause acquired methemoglobinemia. The incidence of Benzocaineinduced methemoglobinemia in clinical practice, however, has been difficult to estimate. After systematic review of our institutional experience for clinically recognized cases of Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography, we report an estimated incidence of 0.115% (95% confidence interval 0.037-0.269). This report also provides the largest analysis of the incidence of methemoglobinemia in readministration cases. Although controversy remains as to whether this is an idiosyncratic versus dose-related response, a description of purported patient risk factors is included. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:170-5.)

  • Benzocaine induced methemoglobinemia experience from a high volume transesophageal echocardiography laboratory
    Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography, 2003
    Co-Authors: Gian M Novaro, Herbert D Aronow, Michael Militello, Mario J Garcia, Ellen Mayer Sabik
    Abstract:

    Benzocaine (ethyl aminobenzoate), a topical anesthetic widely used before transesophageal echocardiography, has been reported to cause acquired methemoglobinemia. The incidence of Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in clinical practice, however, has been difficult to estimate. After systematic review of our institutional experience for clinically recognized cases of Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography, we report an estimated incidence of 0.115% (95% confidence interval 0.037-0.269). This report also provides the largest analysis of the incidence of methemoglobinemia in readministration cases. Although controversy remains as to whether this is an idiosyncratic versus dose-related response, a description of purported patient risk factors is included.

Gian M Novaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Benzocaine induced methemoglobinemia experience from a high volume transesophageal echocardiography laboratory
    Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography, 2003
    Co-Authors: Gian M Novaro, Herbert D Aronow, Michael Militello, Mario J Garcia, Ellen Mayer Sabik
    Abstract:

    Benzocaine (ethyl aminobenzoate), a topical anesthetic widely used before transesophageal echocardiography, has been reported to cause acquired methemoglobinemia. The incidence of Benzocaineinduced methemoglobinemia in clinical practice, however, has been difficult to estimate. After systematic review of our institutional experience for clinically recognized cases of Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography, we report an estimated incidence of 0.115% (95% confidence interval 0.037-0.269). This report also provides the largest analysis of the incidence of methemoglobinemia in readministration cases. Although controversy remains as to whether this is an idiosyncratic versus dose-related response, a description of purported patient risk factors is included. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:170-5.)

  • Benzocaine induced methemoglobinemia experience from a high volume transesophageal echocardiography laboratory
    Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography, 2003
    Co-Authors: Gian M Novaro, Herbert D Aronow, Michael Militello, Mario J Garcia, Ellen Mayer Sabik
    Abstract:

    Benzocaine (ethyl aminobenzoate), a topical anesthetic widely used before transesophageal echocardiography, has been reported to cause acquired methemoglobinemia. The incidence of Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in clinical practice, however, has been difficult to estimate. After systematic review of our institutional experience for clinically recognized cases of Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography, we report an estimated incidence of 0.115% (95% confidence interval 0.037-0.269). This report also provides the largest analysis of the incidence of methemoglobinemia in readministration cases. Although controversy remains as to whether this is an idiosyncratic versus dose-related response, a description of purported patient risk factors is included.

Pedro E Saucedo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does relaxation as a sedative therapy previous to pearl production affect antioxidant response and cause oxidative damage in the winged pearl oyster pteria sterna
    Aquaculture, 2018
    Co-Authors: Andres Granadosamores, Hector Acostasalmon, Carmen Rodriguezjaramillo, Jose Manuel Mazonsuastegui, Pedro E Saucedo, Tania Zentenosavin, Angel I Campacordova
    Abstract:

    Abstract Relaxation as a sedative therapy before nucleus seeding is assumed to be stressful to some marine animals during its initial phase, before acting at the cellular level. The antioxidant activity and possible oxidative damage to soft tissues was evaluated in the winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna exposed to four relaxants, at two concentrations each. The relaxants were: propylene phenoxetol (1.5 and 2.5 mL L−1), Benzocaine (0.15 and 0.25 g L−1), magnesium chloride (15 and 30 g L−1), and eugenol (0.25 and 0.5 mL L−1). The enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative damage (TBARS, lipofuscins) were measured at 30, 60, and 120 min after immersion in each relaxant, and at 65 h representing the recovery period (filtered seawater with no relaxant). Propylene phenoxetol (2.5 mL L−1) and Benzocaine (0.25 g L−1) induced >80% relaxation within the first 45 min. Variations in the activity of superoxide dismutase activity were not significant between treatments in mantle and gills, but increased in muscle at 65 h in oysters exposed to 1.5 mL L−1 propylene phenoxetol and 15 and 30 g L−1 magnesium chloride. Control oysters significantly increased catalase activity in adductor muscle and gills (30–60 min), but the activity of glutathione peroxidase did not significant vary in muscle and mantle, and only decreased in gills at 65 h exposure to 2.5 mL L−1 propylene phenoxetol. Higher TBARS concentrations, as indicative of oxidative damage, only occurred at 30 min in muscle and gills in oysters exposed to 30 g L−1 magnesium chloride and 0.25 g L−1 Benzocaine. Relaxing with Benzocaine caused a significant accumulation of lipofuscins in gills at 120 min, again as possible indicator of oxidative stress; lowest lipofuscins values occurred with 1.5 mL L−1 propylene phenoxetol. These results confirm that propylene phenoxetol causes minimal interaction with antioxidant enzymes and provoke little oxidative damage to soft tissues in P. sterna.

  • physiological response to relaxation as pre operative therapy to pearl formation in the winged pearl oyster pteria sterna
    Aquaculture, 2017
    Co-Authors: Andres Granadosamores, Angel I Campacordova, Carmen Rodriguezjaramillo, Jose Manuel Mazonsuastegui, Dariel Tovarramirez, Pedro E Saucedo
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study expands on the criteria for selecting relaxants used in commercial production of pearls, based on the hypothesis that relaxation, before acting at a cellular level, is a stressor that triggers a battery of physiological responses. Four relaxants at two concentrations each were tested for survival, relaxation and recovery, incidence of spawning, condition index, glycogen index, mucopolysaccharide index, and lipofuscin index in the winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna . The relaxants are: propylene phenoxetol (1.5 and 2.5 mL L − 1 ), Benzocaine (0.15 and 0.25 g L − 1 ), magnesium chloride (15 and 30 g L − 1 ), and clove oil (0.25 and 0.50 mL L − 1 ). Benzocaine (0.25 g L − 1 ) and propylene phenoxetol (2.5 mL L − 1 ) promoted > 85% relaxation in  50% with Benzocaine, suggesting mobilization of energy reserves likely tied to spawning. In the digestive gland, the glycogen index also decreased by 30% with clove oil (0.5 mL L − 1 ), but the response with this relaxant is attributed to oxidative stress and use of glycogen reserves to cover other physiological needs, such as immune protection. Relaxing with Benzocaine caused a significant accumulation of lipofuscins in the gills and mantle, again as possible indicator of oxidative stress. Based on these results, we recommend using propylene phenoxetol at 1.5 mL L − 1 for maximum relaxation with minimum deleterious effects in P . sterna .

Stephen M. Strauch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tricaine ms 222 is a safe anesthetic compound compared to Benzocaine and pentobarbital to induce anesthesia in leopard frogs rana pipiens
    Pharmacological Reports, 2005
    Co-Authors: Yavuz Cakir, Stephen M. Strauch
    Abstract:

    : Tricaine (MS-222) is used commonly for sedation, immobilization, and anesthesia of poikilothermic animals. The anesthetic efficacy of different concentrations of MS-222 was compared to Benzocaine and pentobarbital on the physiological changes, heart rate and ECG (electrocardiogram) parameters in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Loss of righting reflex (RR), loss of pain response (NR = nociceptor response) and recovery time were measured. Heart rate and ECG parameters were also tested before and during anesthesia. The time to loss of RR and NR decreased while recovery time markedly increased with the increasing concentration of MS-222. Benzocaine at 200 mg/l induced a rapid anesthesia, but all frogs needed resuscitation. Pentobarbital at 300 mg/l induced a slow anesthesia, however, all of the frogs also needed resuscitation. All anesthetics at the mentioned concentrations decreased heart rate significantly as well as altered the ECG parameters. All anesthetics prolonged the Q-T interval, and MS-222 at 800 mg/l and Benzocaine at 200 mg/l were the most effective anesthetic concentrations in increasing the Q-T interval. Frogs anesthetized by Benzocaine and pentobarbital and high concentrations of MS-222 required resuscitation due to hypoxia. Pentobarbital and Benzocaine seem to be very effective compounds, but their safety margins are narrow because of ventilatory failure. Therefore, MS-222 at a concentration of 200 mg/l or less is highly recommended for leopard frogs because prolonged recovery, high mortality rate and significant ECG changes are observed with higher concentrations of MS-222.

  • Tricaine (MS-222) is a safe anesthetic compound compared to Benzocaine and pentobarbital to induce anesthesia in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens).
    Pharmacological reports : PR, 2005
    Co-Authors: Yavuz Cakir, Stephen M. Strauch
    Abstract:

    Tricaine (MS-222) is used commonly for sedation, immobilization, and anesthesia of poikilothermic animals. The anesthetic efficacy of different concentrations of MS-222 was compared to Benzocaine and pentobarbital on the physiological changes, heart rate and ECG (electrocardiogram) parameters in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, Loss of righting reflex (RR), loss of pain response (NR = nociceptor response) and recovery time were measured. Heart rate and ECG parameters were also tested before and during anesthesia. The time to loss of RR and NR decreased while recovery time markedly increased with the increasing concentration of MS-222. Benzocaine at 200 mg/l induced a rapid anesthesia, but all frogs needed resuscitation. Pentobarbital at 300 mg/l induced a slow anesthesia, however, all of the frogs also needed resuscitation. All anesthetics at the mentioned concentrations decreased heart rate significantly as well as altered the ECG parameters. All anesthetics prolonged the Q-T interval, and MS-222 at 800 mg/l and Benzocaine at 200 mg/l were the most effective anesthetic concentrations in increasing the Q-T interval. Frogs anesthetized by Benzocaine and pentobarbital and high concentrations of MS-222 required resuscitation due to hypoxia. Pentobarbital and Benzocaine seem to be very effective compounds, but their safety margins are narrow because of ventilatory failure. Therefore, MS-222 at a concentration of 200 mg/l or less is highly recommended for leopard frogs because prolonged recovery, high mortality rate and significant ECG changes are observed with higher concentrations of MS-222.

Angel I Campacordova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does relaxation as a sedative therapy previous to pearl production affect antioxidant response and cause oxidative damage in the winged pearl oyster pteria sterna
    Aquaculture, 2018
    Co-Authors: Andres Granadosamores, Hector Acostasalmon, Carmen Rodriguezjaramillo, Jose Manuel Mazonsuastegui, Pedro E Saucedo, Tania Zentenosavin, Angel I Campacordova
    Abstract:

    Abstract Relaxation as a sedative therapy before nucleus seeding is assumed to be stressful to some marine animals during its initial phase, before acting at the cellular level. The antioxidant activity and possible oxidative damage to soft tissues was evaluated in the winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna exposed to four relaxants, at two concentrations each. The relaxants were: propylene phenoxetol (1.5 and 2.5 mL L−1), Benzocaine (0.15 and 0.25 g L−1), magnesium chloride (15 and 30 g L−1), and eugenol (0.25 and 0.5 mL L−1). The enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative damage (TBARS, lipofuscins) were measured at 30, 60, and 120 min after immersion in each relaxant, and at 65 h representing the recovery period (filtered seawater with no relaxant). Propylene phenoxetol (2.5 mL L−1) and Benzocaine (0.25 g L−1) induced >80% relaxation within the first 45 min. Variations in the activity of superoxide dismutase activity were not significant between treatments in mantle and gills, but increased in muscle at 65 h in oysters exposed to 1.5 mL L−1 propylene phenoxetol and 15 and 30 g L−1 magnesium chloride. Control oysters significantly increased catalase activity in adductor muscle and gills (30–60 min), but the activity of glutathione peroxidase did not significant vary in muscle and mantle, and only decreased in gills at 65 h exposure to 2.5 mL L−1 propylene phenoxetol. Higher TBARS concentrations, as indicative of oxidative damage, only occurred at 30 min in muscle and gills in oysters exposed to 30 g L−1 magnesium chloride and 0.25 g L−1 Benzocaine. Relaxing with Benzocaine caused a significant accumulation of lipofuscins in gills at 120 min, again as possible indicator of oxidative stress; lowest lipofuscins values occurred with 1.5 mL L−1 propylene phenoxetol. These results confirm that propylene phenoxetol causes minimal interaction with antioxidant enzymes and provoke little oxidative damage to soft tissues in P. sterna.

  • physiological response to relaxation as pre operative therapy to pearl formation in the winged pearl oyster pteria sterna
    Aquaculture, 2017
    Co-Authors: Andres Granadosamores, Angel I Campacordova, Carmen Rodriguezjaramillo, Jose Manuel Mazonsuastegui, Dariel Tovarramirez, Pedro E Saucedo
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study expands on the criteria for selecting relaxants used in commercial production of pearls, based on the hypothesis that relaxation, before acting at a cellular level, is a stressor that triggers a battery of physiological responses. Four relaxants at two concentrations each were tested for survival, relaxation and recovery, incidence of spawning, condition index, glycogen index, mucopolysaccharide index, and lipofuscin index in the winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna . The relaxants are: propylene phenoxetol (1.5 and 2.5 mL L − 1 ), Benzocaine (0.15 and 0.25 g L − 1 ), magnesium chloride (15 and 30 g L − 1 ), and clove oil (0.25 and 0.50 mL L − 1 ). Benzocaine (0.25 g L − 1 ) and propylene phenoxetol (2.5 mL L − 1 ) promoted > 85% relaxation in  50% with Benzocaine, suggesting mobilization of energy reserves likely tied to spawning. In the digestive gland, the glycogen index also decreased by 30% with clove oil (0.5 mL L − 1 ), but the response with this relaxant is attributed to oxidative stress and use of glycogen reserves to cover other physiological needs, such as immune protection. Relaxing with Benzocaine caused a significant accumulation of lipofuscins in the gills and mantle, again as possible indicator of oxidative stress. Based on these results, we recommend using propylene phenoxetol at 1.5 mL L − 1 for maximum relaxation with minimum deleterious effects in P . sterna .