The Experts below are selected from a list of 57 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ertugrul Kaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a case study what doses of amanita phalloides and amatoxins are lethal to humans
    Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ismail Yilmaz, Fatih Ermis, Ertugrul Kaya
    Abstract:

    There are few data estimating the human lethal dose of amatoxins or of the toxin level present in ingested raw poisonous mushrooms. Here, we present a patient who intentionally ingested several wild collected mushrooms to assess whether they were poisonous. Nearly 1 day after ingestion, during which the patient had nausea and vomiting, he presented at the emergency department. His transaminase levels started to increase starting from hour 48 and peaking at hour 72 (alanine aminotransferase 2496 IU/L; aspartate aminotransferase 1777 IU/L). A toxin analysis was carried out on the mushrooms that the patient said he had ingested. With reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, an uptake of approximately 21.3 mg amatoxin from nearly 50 g mushroom was calculated; it consisted of 11.9 mg alpha Amanitin, 8.4 mg Beta Amanitin, and 1 mg gamma Amanitin. In the urine sample taken on day 4, 2.7 ng/mL alpha Amanitin and 1.25 ng/mL Beta Amanitin were found, and there was no gamma Amanitin. Our findings suggest that the patient ingested approximately 0.32 mg/kg amatoxin, and fortunately recovered after serious hepatotoxicity developed.

  • Purification and in vitro toxicity of gamma Amanitin
    Toxin Reviews, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sinan Bakirci, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Sait Bayram, Ertugrul Kaya
    Abstract:

    AbstractWe aimed to obtain gamma Amanitin with high purity through a purification process and compare toxic effects of alpha, Beta, and gamma Amanitin. Specific concentrations of the toxins (25, 10, 1, and 0.1 μg/mL) were applied to the C3A human hepatocytes. A MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity. Alpha Amanitin showed a higher toxicity in 48 h while the lowest toxicity was observed in Beta Amanitin. The toxicity level of gamma Amanitin was found between the alpha and Beta Amanitin toxicity. Our method is suitable for obtaining gamma Amanitin with high purity (>99%) as well as for obtaining alpha Amanitin and Beta Amanitin. Gamma Amanitin has been shown to have equal responsibility for toxicity as alpha Amanitin in amanita poisoning.

  • Evaluation and comparison of alpha- and Beta-Amanitin toxicity on MCF-7 cell line.
    Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ertugrul Kaya, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Sait Bayram
    Abstract:

    Alpha- and Beta-Amanitins are the main toxins of the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. Although there are many studies available concerning alpha-Amanitin, there are limited data about Beta-Amanitin in the literature. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the toxic effects of alpha- and Beta-Amanitin on the MCF-7 cell line. Materials and methods: The alpha- and Beta-Amanitins used for this research were purified from Amanita phalloides by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was used, and specific concentrations of the toxins (100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL) were applied to the cells. The MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity, and the quantity of protein in the cell was measured using the biuret test. Results: The alpha-Amanitin showed a higher toxicity at 36 h, while the highest inhibition of protein synthesis by the Beta-Amanitin was observed at 24 h. Conclusion: It was shown that the Beta-Amanitin may be responsible for toxicity, like alpha-Amanitin, in Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning. The early inhibition of protein synthesis for Beta-Amanitin might be useful for future experiments and research.

  • Amanitin and phallotoxin concentration in amanita phalloides var alba mushroom
    Toxicon, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ertugrul Kaya, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Ayhan Saritas, Selim Karahan, Serdar Colakoglu, Ismail Yilmaz, Zeynep Aydin Sinirlioglu, Zeki Severoglu
    Abstract:

    Although rarely seen, Amanita phalloides var. alba, a variety of A. phalloides type mushrooms, causes mushroom poisoning resulting in death. Since it is frequently confused with some edible mushrooms due to its white colored cap and macroscopic appearance, it becomes important in toxicological terms. Knowledge of the toxin amount contained in this mushroom type is invaluable in the treatment of cases involving poisoning. In this study, we examined the toxin levels of various parts of the A. phalloides var. alba mushroom growing Duzce region of Turkey. Toxin analyses were carried out for A. phalloides var. alba, which were collected from the forests Duzce region of Turkey in 2011, as a whole and also separately in its spore, pileus, gills, stipe and volva parts. The alpha Amanitin, Beta Amanitin, gamma Amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidine analyses of the mushrooms were carried out using the RP-HPLC method. A genetic analysis of the mushroom showed that it had similar genetic characteristics as A. phalloides and was a variety of it. The lowest toxins quantity was detected in spores, volva and stipe among all parts of the mushroom. The maximum amount of amatoxins was measured in the gills. The pileus also contained a high amount of amatoxins. Generally, amatoxins and phallotoxin concentrations were lower as compared to A. phalloides, but interestingly all toxins other than gamma toxin were higher in the spores of A. phalloides var. alba. The amount of toxin in all of its parts had sufficient concentrations to cause death. With this study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin concentrations in A. phalloides var. alba mushroom and in its parts have been revealed in detail for the first time.

Kaya Ertuğrul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Toxin components and toxicological importance of Galerina marginata from Turkey
    'Elsevier BV', 2020
    Co-Authors: Akata Ilgaz, Kaya Ertuğrul, Yılmaz İsmail, Coskun, Nuri Cenk, Donmez Mert
    Abstract:

    Amatoxins, most of which are hepatotoxic, can cause fatal intoxication. While mushrooms in the amatoxin-containing Galerina genus are rare, they can poison humans and animals worldwide. Few studies have profiled the toxicity of Galerina marginata. In addition, many studies indicate that macrofungi can have different characteristics in different regions. In this study, the quantities of toxins present in G. marginata from different provinces in Turkey were analysed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (RP-HPLC-UV) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). G. marginata samples were collected from three different regions of Turkey. The taxonomic categorization of mushrooms was based on their micro- and macroscopic characteristics. The presence of toxins alpha-Amanitin (AA), Beta-Amanitin (BA), gamma-Amanitin (GA), phalloidin (PHD) and phallacidin (PHC) quantities were measured using RP-HPLC-UV and then were confirmed using LC-ESI-MS/MS. BA levels were higher than AA levels in G. marginata mushrooms collected from all three regions. Moreover, the levels of GA were below the detection limit and no phallotoxins were detected. This is the first study to identify and test the toxicity of G. marginata collected from three different regions of Turkey using RP-HPLC-UV. This is also the first study to confirm the UV absorption of amatoxins in G. marginata using LC-ESI-MS/MS, which is a far more sensitive process. More studies evaluating the toxicity of G. marginata in other geographic regions of the world are needed.WOS:0005823860000052-s2.0-85090029396PubMed: 3286647

  • Toxin content and toxicological significance in different tissues and development stages of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushroom
    'Informa UK Limited', 2015
    Co-Authors: Yılmaz İsmail, Bayram Recep, Bakırcı Sinan, Akata Ilgaz, Kaya Ertuğrul
    Abstract:

    Akata, Ilgaz/0000-0002-1731-1302; Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682XWOS: 000365581400001We investigated the quantity and concentration of toxins in different parts and in different growth phases of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushroom. The amatoxins and phallotoxin levels were measured using the reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. Alpha Amanitin (2.38 +/- 0.70mg/g) was followed by Beta Amanitin (1.97 +/- 0.52mg/g) and gamma Amanitin (0.04 +/- 0.01mg/g) in trace amounts; it did not contain any phallotoxin. The cap part is richer in amatoxins than the stipe part. While medium mushrooms were quite rich in amatoxins, less levels of toxin were measured in fully developed mushrooms. The study showed in detail the toxin concentrations of L. brunneoincarnata with regard to different developmental stages and different segments

  • A Case Study: What Doses of Amanita phalloides and Amatoxins Are Lethal to Humans?
    'Elsevier BV', 2015
    Co-Authors: Yılmaz İsmail, Akata Ilgaz, Ermiş Fatih, Kaya Ertuğrul
    Abstract:

    Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682X; Akata, Ilgaz/0000-0002-1731-1302WOS: 000366228200006PubMed: 26453489There are few data estimating the human lethal dose of amatoxins or of the toxin level present in ingested raw poisonous mushrooms. Here, we present a patient who intentionally ingested several wild collected mushrooms to assess whether they were poisonous. Nearly 1 day after ingestion, during which the patient had nausea and vomiting, he presented at the emergency department. His transaminase levels started to increase starting from hour 48 and peaking at hour 72 (alanine aminotransferase 2496 IU/L; aspartate aminotransferase 1777 IU/L). A toxin analysis was carried out on the mushrooms that the patient said he had ingested. With reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, an uptake of approximately 21.3 mg amatoxin from nearly 50 g mushroom was calculated; it consisted of 11.9 mg alpha Amanitin, 8.4 mg Beta Amanitin, and 1 mg gamma Amanitin In the urine sample taken on day 4, 2.7 ng/mL alpha Amanitin and 1.25 ng/mL Beta Amanitin were found, and there was no gamma Amanitin. Our findings suggest that the patient ingested approximately 0.32 mg/kg amatoxin, and fortunately recovered after serious hepatotoxicity developed

  • Purification and in vitro toxicity of gamma Amanitin
    'Informa UK Limited', 2015
    Co-Authors: Bakırcı Sinan, Bayram Recep, Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz, Yılmaz İsmail, Bayram Sait, Kaya Ertuğrul
    Abstract:

    Yaykasli, Kursat/0000-0001-7550-6370; Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682XWOS: 000375245500008We aimed to obtain gamma Amanitin with high purity through a purification process and compare toxic effects of alpha, Beta, and gamma Amanitin. Specific concentrations of the toxins (25, 10, 1, and 0.1 mu g/mL) were applied to the C3A human hepatocytes. A MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity. Alpha Amanitin showed a higher toxicity in 48 h while the lowest toxicity was observed in Beta Amanitin. The toxicity level of gamma Amanitin was found between the alpha and Beta Amanitin toxicity. Our method is suitable for obtaining gamma Amanitin with high purity (>99%) as well as for obtaining alpha Amanitin and Beta Amanitin. Gamma Amanitin has been shown to have equal responsibility for toxicity as alpha Amanitin in amanita poisoning.Duzce University Research FundDuzce University [2013.04.01.164]The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. "This project is supported by Duzce University Research Fund Project Number: 2013.04.01.164''

  • A Case Study: Rare Lepiota brunneoincarnata Poisoning
    'Elsevier BV', 2015
    Co-Authors: Köse Murat, Kaya Ertuğrul, Yılmaz İsmail, Akata Ilgaz, Güler Kerim
    Abstract:

    Akata, Ilgaz/0000-0002-1731-1302; Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682XWOS: 000360781100010PubMed: 25771029Amatoxin poisoning from the genus Lepiota may have a deadly outcome, although this is not seen as often as it is from the genus Amanita. In this report, we present a patient who was poisoned by a sublethal dose of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushrooms. The patient was hospitalized 12 hours after eating the mushrooms. The patient's transaminase levels increased dramatically starting on day 4. Aspartate transaminase peaked at 78 hours. Starting at 1265 IU/L, alanine transaminase peaked at 90 hours at 5124 IU/L. The patient was discharged on day 8 to outpatient care, and his transaminase levels returned to normal ranges in the subsequent days. A toxin analysis was carried out on the mushrooms that the patient claimed to have eaten. Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, an uptake of approximately 19.9 mg of amatoxin from. nearly 30 g of mushrooms was calculated. This consisted of 10.59 mg of alpha-Amanitin, 9.18 mg of Beta-Amanitin, and 0.16 mg of gamma-Amanitin In conclusion, we present a patient from Turkey who was poisoned by L. brunneoincamata mushrooms

Recep Bayram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Purification and in vitro toxicity of gamma Amanitin
    Toxin Reviews, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sinan Bakirci, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Sait Bayram, Ertugrul Kaya
    Abstract:

    AbstractWe aimed to obtain gamma Amanitin with high purity through a purification process and compare toxic effects of alpha, Beta, and gamma Amanitin. Specific concentrations of the toxins (25, 10, 1, and 0.1 μg/mL) were applied to the C3A human hepatocytes. A MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity. Alpha Amanitin showed a higher toxicity in 48 h while the lowest toxicity was observed in Beta Amanitin. The toxicity level of gamma Amanitin was found between the alpha and Beta Amanitin toxicity. Our method is suitable for obtaining gamma Amanitin with high purity (>99%) as well as for obtaining alpha Amanitin and Beta Amanitin. Gamma Amanitin has been shown to have equal responsibility for toxicity as alpha Amanitin in amanita poisoning.

  • Evaluation and comparison of alpha- and Beta-Amanitin toxicity on MCF-7 cell line.
    Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ertugrul Kaya, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Sait Bayram
    Abstract:

    Alpha- and Beta-Amanitins are the main toxins of the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. Although there are many studies available concerning alpha-Amanitin, there are limited data about Beta-Amanitin in the literature. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the toxic effects of alpha- and Beta-Amanitin on the MCF-7 cell line. Materials and methods: The alpha- and Beta-Amanitins used for this research were purified from Amanita phalloides by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was used, and specific concentrations of the toxins (100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL) were applied to the cells. The MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity, and the quantity of protein in the cell was measured using the biuret test. Results: The alpha-Amanitin showed a higher toxicity at 36 h, while the highest inhibition of protein synthesis by the Beta-Amanitin was observed at 24 h. Conclusion: It was shown that the Beta-Amanitin may be responsible for toxicity, like alpha-Amanitin, in Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning. The early inhibition of protein synthesis for Beta-Amanitin might be useful for future experiments and research.

  • Amanitin and phallotoxin concentration in amanita phalloides var alba mushroom
    Toxicon, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ertugrul Kaya, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Ayhan Saritas, Selim Karahan, Serdar Colakoglu, Ismail Yilmaz, Zeynep Aydin Sinirlioglu, Zeki Severoglu
    Abstract:

    Although rarely seen, Amanita phalloides var. alba, a variety of A. phalloides type mushrooms, causes mushroom poisoning resulting in death. Since it is frequently confused with some edible mushrooms due to its white colored cap and macroscopic appearance, it becomes important in toxicological terms. Knowledge of the toxin amount contained in this mushroom type is invaluable in the treatment of cases involving poisoning. In this study, we examined the toxin levels of various parts of the A. phalloides var. alba mushroom growing Duzce region of Turkey. Toxin analyses were carried out for A. phalloides var. alba, which were collected from the forests Duzce region of Turkey in 2011, as a whole and also separately in its spore, pileus, gills, stipe and volva parts. The alpha Amanitin, Beta Amanitin, gamma Amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidine analyses of the mushrooms were carried out using the RP-HPLC method. A genetic analysis of the mushroom showed that it had similar genetic characteristics as A. phalloides and was a variety of it. The lowest toxins quantity was detected in spores, volva and stipe among all parts of the mushroom. The maximum amount of amatoxins was measured in the gills. The pileus also contained a high amount of amatoxins. Generally, amatoxins and phallotoxin concentrations were lower as compared to A. phalloides, but interestingly all toxins other than gamma toxin were higher in the spores of A. phalloides var. alba. The amount of toxin in all of its parts had sufficient concentrations to cause death. With this study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin concentrations in A. phalloides var. alba mushroom and in its parts have been revealed in detail for the first time.

Kursat Oguz Yaykasli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Purification and in vitro toxicity of gamma Amanitin
    Toxin Reviews, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sinan Bakirci, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Sait Bayram, Ertugrul Kaya
    Abstract:

    AbstractWe aimed to obtain gamma Amanitin with high purity through a purification process and compare toxic effects of alpha, Beta, and gamma Amanitin. Specific concentrations of the toxins (25, 10, 1, and 0.1 μg/mL) were applied to the C3A human hepatocytes. A MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity. Alpha Amanitin showed a higher toxicity in 48 h while the lowest toxicity was observed in Beta Amanitin. The toxicity level of gamma Amanitin was found between the alpha and Beta Amanitin toxicity. Our method is suitable for obtaining gamma Amanitin with high purity (>99%) as well as for obtaining alpha Amanitin and Beta Amanitin. Gamma Amanitin has been shown to have equal responsibility for toxicity as alpha Amanitin in amanita poisoning.

  • Evaluation and comparison of alpha- and Beta-Amanitin toxicity on MCF-7 cell line.
    Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ertugrul Kaya, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Sait Bayram
    Abstract:

    Alpha- and Beta-Amanitins are the main toxins of the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. Although there are many studies available concerning alpha-Amanitin, there are limited data about Beta-Amanitin in the literature. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the toxic effects of alpha- and Beta-Amanitin on the MCF-7 cell line. Materials and methods: The alpha- and Beta-Amanitins used for this research were purified from Amanita phalloides by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was used, and specific concentrations of the toxins (100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL) were applied to the cells. The MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity, and the quantity of protein in the cell was measured using the biuret test. Results: The alpha-Amanitin showed a higher toxicity at 36 h, while the highest inhibition of protein synthesis by the Beta-Amanitin was observed at 24 h. Conclusion: It was shown that the Beta-Amanitin may be responsible for toxicity, like alpha-Amanitin, in Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning. The early inhibition of protein synthesis for Beta-Amanitin might be useful for future experiments and research.

  • Amanitin and phallotoxin concentration in amanita phalloides var alba mushroom
    Toxicon, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ertugrul Kaya, Recep Bayram, Kursat Oguz Yaykasli, Ayhan Saritas, Selim Karahan, Serdar Colakoglu, Ismail Yilmaz, Zeynep Aydin Sinirlioglu, Zeki Severoglu
    Abstract:

    Although rarely seen, Amanita phalloides var. alba, a variety of A. phalloides type mushrooms, causes mushroom poisoning resulting in death. Since it is frequently confused with some edible mushrooms due to its white colored cap and macroscopic appearance, it becomes important in toxicological terms. Knowledge of the toxin amount contained in this mushroom type is invaluable in the treatment of cases involving poisoning. In this study, we examined the toxin levels of various parts of the A. phalloides var. alba mushroom growing Duzce region of Turkey. Toxin analyses were carried out for A. phalloides var. alba, which were collected from the forests Duzce region of Turkey in 2011, as a whole and also separately in its spore, pileus, gills, stipe and volva parts. The alpha Amanitin, Beta Amanitin, gamma Amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidine analyses of the mushrooms were carried out using the RP-HPLC method. A genetic analysis of the mushroom showed that it had similar genetic characteristics as A. phalloides and was a variety of it. The lowest toxins quantity was detected in spores, volva and stipe among all parts of the mushroom. The maximum amount of amatoxins was measured in the gills. The pileus also contained a high amount of amatoxins. Generally, amatoxins and phallotoxin concentrations were lower as compared to A. phalloides, but interestingly all toxins other than gamma toxin were higher in the spores of A. phalloides var. alba. The amount of toxin in all of its parts had sufficient concentrations to cause death. With this study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin concentrations in A. phalloides var. alba mushroom and in its parts have been revealed in detail for the first time.

Yılmaz İsmail - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Toxin components and toxicological importance of Galerina marginata from Turkey
    'Elsevier BV', 2020
    Co-Authors: Akata Ilgaz, Kaya Ertuğrul, Yılmaz İsmail, Coskun, Nuri Cenk, Donmez Mert
    Abstract:

    Amatoxins, most of which are hepatotoxic, can cause fatal intoxication. While mushrooms in the amatoxin-containing Galerina genus are rare, they can poison humans and animals worldwide. Few studies have profiled the toxicity of Galerina marginata. In addition, many studies indicate that macrofungi can have different characteristics in different regions. In this study, the quantities of toxins present in G. marginata from different provinces in Turkey were analysed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (RP-HPLC-UV) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). G. marginata samples were collected from three different regions of Turkey. The taxonomic categorization of mushrooms was based on their micro- and macroscopic characteristics. The presence of toxins alpha-Amanitin (AA), Beta-Amanitin (BA), gamma-Amanitin (GA), phalloidin (PHD) and phallacidin (PHC) quantities were measured using RP-HPLC-UV and then were confirmed using LC-ESI-MS/MS. BA levels were higher than AA levels in G. marginata mushrooms collected from all three regions. Moreover, the levels of GA were below the detection limit and no phallotoxins were detected. This is the first study to identify and test the toxicity of G. marginata collected from three different regions of Turkey using RP-HPLC-UV. This is also the first study to confirm the UV absorption of amatoxins in G. marginata using LC-ESI-MS/MS, which is a far more sensitive process. More studies evaluating the toxicity of G. marginata in other geographic regions of the world are needed.WOS:0005823860000052-s2.0-85090029396PubMed: 3286647

  • Toxin content and toxicological significance in different tissues and development stages of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushroom
    'Informa UK Limited', 2015
    Co-Authors: Yılmaz İsmail, Bayram Recep, Bakırcı Sinan, Akata Ilgaz, Kaya Ertuğrul
    Abstract:

    Akata, Ilgaz/0000-0002-1731-1302; Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682XWOS: 000365581400001We investigated the quantity and concentration of toxins in different parts and in different growth phases of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushroom. The amatoxins and phallotoxin levels were measured using the reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. Alpha Amanitin (2.38 +/- 0.70mg/g) was followed by Beta Amanitin (1.97 +/- 0.52mg/g) and gamma Amanitin (0.04 +/- 0.01mg/g) in trace amounts; it did not contain any phallotoxin. The cap part is richer in amatoxins than the stipe part. While medium mushrooms were quite rich in amatoxins, less levels of toxin were measured in fully developed mushrooms. The study showed in detail the toxin concentrations of L. brunneoincarnata with regard to different developmental stages and different segments

  • A Case Study: What Doses of Amanita phalloides and Amatoxins Are Lethal to Humans?
    'Elsevier BV', 2015
    Co-Authors: Yılmaz İsmail, Akata Ilgaz, Ermiş Fatih, Kaya Ertuğrul
    Abstract:

    Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682X; Akata, Ilgaz/0000-0002-1731-1302WOS: 000366228200006PubMed: 26453489There are few data estimating the human lethal dose of amatoxins or of the toxin level present in ingested raw poisonous mushrooms. Here, we present a patient who intentionally ingested several wild collected mushrooms to assess whether they were poisonous. Nearly 1 day after ingestion, during which the patient had nausea and vomiting, he presented at the emergency department. His transaminase levels started to increase starting from hour 48 and peaking at hour 72 (alanine aminotransferase 2496 IU/L; aspartate aminotransferase 1777 IU/L). A toxin analysis was carried out on the mushrooms that the patient said he had ingested. With reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, an uptake of approximately 21.3 mg amatoxin from nearly 50 g mushroom was calculated; it consisted of 11.9 mg alpha Amanitin, 8.4 mg Beta Amanitin, and 1 mg gamma Amanitin In the urine sample taken on day 4, 2.7 ng/mL alpha Amanitin and 1.25 ng/mL Beta Amanitin were found, and there was no gamma Amanitin. Our findings suggest that the patient ingested approximately 0.32 mg/kg amatoxin, and fortunately recovered after serious hepatotoxicity developed

  • Purification and in vitro toxicity of gamma Amanitin
    'Informa UK Limited', 2015
    Co-Authors: Bakırcı Sinan, Bayram Recep, Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz, Yılmaz İsmail, Bayram Sait, Kaya Ertuğrul
    Abstract:

    Yaykasli, Kursat/0000-0001-7550-6370; Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682XWOS: 000375245500008We aimed to obtain gamma Amanitin with high purity through a purification process and compare toxic effects of alpha, Beta, and gamma Amanitin. Specific concentrations of the toxins (25, 10, 1, and 0.1 mu g/mL) were applied to the C3A human hepatocytes. A MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity. Alpha Amanitin showed a higher toxicity in 48 h while the lowest toxicity was observed in Beta Amanitin. The toxicity level of gamma Amanitin was found between the alpha and Beta Amanitin toxicity. Our method is suitable for obtaining gamma Amanitin with high purity (>99%) as well as for obtaining alpha Amanitin and Beta Amanitin. Gamma Amanitin has been shown to have equal responsibility for toxicity as alpha Amanitin in amanita poisoning.Duzce University Research FundDuzce University [2013.04.01.164]The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. "This project is supported by Duzce University Research Fund Project Number: 2013.04.01.164''

  • A Case Study: Rare Lepiota brunneoincarnata Poisoning
    'Elsevier BV', 2015
    Co-Authors: Köse Murat, Kaya Ertuğrul, Yılmaz İsmail, Akata Ilgaz, Güler Kerim
    Abstract:

    Akata, Ilgaz/0000-0002-1731-1302; Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682XWOS: 000360781100010PubMed: 25771029Amatoxin poisoning from the genus Lepiota may have a deadly outcome, although this is not seen as often as it is from the genus Amanita. In this report, we present a patient who was poisoned by a sublethal dose of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushrooms. The patient was hospitalized 12 hours after eating the mushrooms. The patient's transaminase levels increased dramatically starting on day 4. Aspartate transaminase peaked at 78 hours. Starting at 1265 IU/L, alanine transaminase peaked at 90 hours at 5124 IU/L. The patient was discharged on day 8 to outpatient care, and his transaminase levels returned to normal ranges in the subsequent days. A toxin analysis was carried out on the mushrooms that the patient claimed to have eaten. Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, an uptake of approximately 19.9 mg of amatoxin from. nearly 30 g of mushrooms was calculated. This consisted of 10.59 mg of alpha-Amanitin, 9.18 mg of Beta-Amanitin, and 0.16 mg of gamma-Amanitin In conclusion, we present a patient from Turkey who was poisoned by L. brunneoincamata mushrooms