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J P Delgenes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • slaughterhouse fatty waste saponification to increase biogas yield
    Bioresource Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Audrey Battimelli, Michel Torrijos, R Moletta, J P Delgenes
    Abstract:

    A thermochemical pretreatment, i.e. saponification, was optimised in order to improve anaerobic biodegradation of slaughterhouse wastes such as aeroflotation grease and flesh fats from cattle carcass. Anaerobic digestion of raw wastes, as well as of wastes saponified at different temperatures (60 °C, 120 °C and 150 °C) was conducted in fed-batch reactors under mesophilic condition and the effect of different saponification temperatures on anaerobic biodegradation and on the long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) relative composition was assessed. Even after increasing loads over a long period of time, raw fatty wastes were biodegraded slowly and the biogas potentials were lower than those of theoretical estimations. In contrast, pretreated wastes exhibited improved batch biodegradation, indicating a better initial Bio-Availability, particularly obvious for carcass wastes. However, LCFA relative composition was not significantly altered by the pretreatment. Consequently, the enhanced biodegradation should be attributed to an increased initial Bio-Availability of fatty wastes without any modification of their long chain structure which remained slowly biodegradable. Finally, saponification at 120 °C achieved best performances during anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastes.

  • Slaughterhouse fatty waste saponification to increase biogas yield
    Bioresource Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Audrey Battimelli, Michel Torrijos, R Moletta, J P Delgenes
    Abstract:

    A thermochemical pretreatment, i.e. saponification, was optimised in order to improve anaerobic biodegradation of slaughterhouse wastes such as aeroflotation grease and flesh fats from cattle carcass. Anaerobic digestion of raw wastes, as well as of wastes saponified at different temperatures (60 degrees C, 120 degrees C and 150 degrees C) was conducted in fed-batch reactors under mesophilic condition and the effect of different saponification temperatures on anaerobic biodegradation and on the long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) relative composition was assessed. Even after increasing loads over a long period of time, raw fatty wastes were biodegraded slowly and the biogas potentials were lower than those of theoretical estimations. In contrast, pretreated wastes exhibited improved batch biodegradation, indicating a better initial Bio-Availability, particularly obvious for carcass wastes. However, LCFA relative composition was not significantly altered by the pretreatment. Consequently, the enhanced biodegradation should be attributed to an increased initial Bio-Availability of fatty wastes without any modification of their long chain structure which remained slowly biodegradable. Finally, saponification at 120 degrees C achieved best performances during anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastes.

  • saponification of fatty slaughterhouse wastes for enhancing anaerobic biodegradability
    Bioresource Technology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Audrey Battimelli, Helene Carrere, J P Delgenes
    Abstract:

    Abstract The thermochemical pretreatment by saponification of two kinds of fatty slaughterhouse waste – aeroflotation fats and flesh fats from animal carcasses – was studied in order to improve the waste’s anaerobic degradation. The effect of an easily biodegradable compound, ethanol, on raw waste biodegradation was also examined. The aims of the study were to enhance the methanisation of fatty waste and also to show a link between biodegradability and Bio-Availability. The anaerobic digestion of raw waste, saponified waste and waste with a co-substrate was carried out in batch mode under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The results showed little increase in the total volume of biogas, indicating a good biodegradability of the raw wastes. Mean biogas volume reached 1200 mL/g VS which represented more than 90% of the maximal theoretical biogas potential. Raw fatty wastes were slowly biodegraded whereas pretreated wastes showed improved initial reaction kinetics, indicating a better initial Bio-Availability, particularly for mesophilic runs. The effects observed for raw wastes with ethanol as co-substrate depended on the process temperature: in mesophilic conditions, an initial improvement was observed whereas in thermophilic conditions a significant decrease in biodegradability was observed.

  • Saponification of fatty slaughterhouse wastes for enhancing anaerobic biodegradability
    Bioresource Technology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Audrey Battimelli, Helene Carrere, J P Delgenes
    Abstract:

    The thermochemical pretreatment by saponification of two kinds of fatty slaughterhouse waste - aeroflotation fats and flesh fats from animal carcasses - was studied in order to improve the waste's anaerobic degradation. The effect of an easily biodegradable compound, ethanol, on raw waste biodegradation was also examined. The aims of the study were to enhance the methanisation of fatty waste and also to show a link between biodegradability and Bio-Availability. The anaerobic digestion of raw waste, saponified waste and waste with a co-substrate was carried out in batch mode under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The results showed little increase in the total volume of biogas, indicating a good biodegradability of the raw wastes. Mean biogas volume reached 1200 mL/g VS which represented more than 90% of the maximal theoretical biogas potential. Raw fatty wastes were slowly biodegraded whereas pretreated wastes showed improved initial reaction kinetics, indicating a better initial Bio-Availability, particularly for mesophilic runs. The effects observed for raw wastes with ethanol as co-substrate depended on the process temperature: in mesophilic conditions, an initial improvement was observed whereas in thermophilic conditions a significant decrease in biodegradability was observed. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nicolette Gibson Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Determining iron Bio-Availability with a constant heme iron value
    Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hettie C. Schönfeldt, Nicolette Gibson Hall
    Abstract:

    Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. Consuming foods rich in dietary iron (high in both content and availability) is an effective way to alleviate iron deficiency. Iron from animal foods is more bio-available than iron from plant sources. This is due to the heme iron content in animal foods. According to the Monsen model, an average of 40% of total iron in meat, fish and poultry is in the heme form. Although the Monsen model can provide a generally good estimate of the heme iron content in animal products, recent research has suggested that the constant 40% value of heme iron is either an under- or over-estimation, depending on the source of the food. During this study a review was performed on the heme iron content of meat, fish and poultry, and comparisons are made with reference to the Monsen model. The aim of this study was to investigate whether using the constant 40% value for heme iron is adequate in describing the Bio-Availability of total iron in a particular food.

  • Determining iron Bio-Availability with a constant heme iron value
    Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hettie C. Schönfeldt, Nicolette Gibson Hall
    Abstract:

    Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. Consuming foods rich in dietary iron (high in both content and availability) is an effective way to alleviate iron deficiency. Iron from animal foods is more bio-available than iron from plants sources. This is due to the heme iron content in animal foods. According to the Monsen model, an average of 40% of total iron in meat, fish and poultry is in the heme iron. Although the Monsen model can provide a generally good estimate of the heme iron content in animals products, recent research has suggested that the constant 40% value of heme iron is either an under- or over-estimation, depending on the source for the food. During this study a review was performed on the heme iron content of meat, fish and poultry, and comparisons are made with reference to the Monsen model. The aim of this study was to investigate whether using the constant 40% value for heme iron is adequate in describing the Bio-Availability of total iron in a particular food.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jfcanf201

Audrey Battimelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • slaughterhouse fatty waste saponification to increase biogas yield
    Bioresource Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Audrey Battimelli, Michel Torrijos, R Moletta, J P Delgenes
    Abstract:

    A thermochemical pretreatment, i.e. saponification, was optimised in order to improve anaerobic biodegradation of slaughterhouse wastes such as aeroflotation grease and flesh fats from cattle carcass. Anaerobic digestion of raw wastes, as well as of wastes saponified at different temperatures (60 °C, 120 °C and 150 °C) was conducted in fed-batch reactors under mesophilic condition and the effect of different saponification temperatures on anaerobic biodegradation and on the long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) relative composition was assessed. Even after increasing loads over a long period of time, raw fatty wastes were biodegraded slowly and the biogas potentials were lower than those of theoretical estimations. In contrast, pretreated wastes exhibited improved batch biodegradation, indicating a better initial Bio-Availability, particularly obvious for carcass wastes. However, LCFA relative composition was not significantly altered by the pretreatment. Consequently, the enhanced biodegradation should be attributed to an increased initial Bio-Availability of fatty wastes without any modification of their long chain structure which remained slowly biodegradable. Finally, saponification at 120 °C achieved best performances during anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastes.

  • Slaughterhouse fatty waste saponification to increase biogas yield
    Bioresource Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Audrey Battimelli, Michel Torrijos, R Moletta, J P Delgenes
    Abstract:

    A thermochemical pretreatment, i.e. saponification, was optimised in order to improve anaerobic biodegradation of slaughterhouse wastes such as aeroflotation grease and flesh fats from cattle carcass. Anaerobic digestion of raw wastes, as well as of wastes saponified at different temperatures (60 degrees C, 120 degrees C and 150 degrees C) was conducted in fed-batch reactors under mesophilic condition and the effect of different saponification temperatures on anaerobic biodegradation and on the long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) relative composition was assessed. Even after increasing loads over a long period of time, raw fatty wastes were biodegraded slowly and the biogas potentials were lower than those of theoretical estimations. In contrast, pretreated wastes exhibited improved batch biodegradation, indicating a better initial Bio-Availability, particularly obvious for carcass wastes. However, LCFA relative composition was not significantly altered by the pretreatment. Consequently, the enhanced biodegradation should be attributed to an increased initial Bio-Availability of fatty wastes without any modification of their long chain structure which remained slowly biodegradable. Finally, saponification at 120 degrees C achieved best performances during anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastes.

  • saponification of fatty slaughterhouse wastes for enhancing anaerobic biodegradability
    Bioresource Technology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Audrey Battimelli, Helene Carrere, J P Delgenes
    Abstract:

    Abstract The thermochemical pretreatment by saponification of two kinds of fatty slaughterhouse waste – aeroflotation fats and flesh fats from animal carcasses – was studied in order to improve the waste’s anaerobic degradation. The effect of an easily biodegradable compound, ethanol, on raw waste biodegradation was also examined. The aims of the study were to enhance the methanisation of fatty waste and also to show a link between biodegradability and Bio-Availability. The anaerobic digestion of raw waste, saponified waste and waste with a co-substrate was carried out in batch mode under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The results showed little increase in the total volume of biogas, indicating a good biodegradability of the raw wastes. Mean biogas volume reached 1200 mL/g VS which represented more than 90% of the maximal theoretical biogas potential. Raw fatty wastes were slowly biodegraded whereas pretreated wastes showed improved initial reaction kinetics, indicating a better initial Bio-Availability, particularly for mesophilic runs. The effects observed for raw wastes with ethanol as co-substrate depended on the process temperature: in mesophilic conditions, an initial improvement was observed whereas in thermophilic conditions a significant decrease in biodegradability was observed.

  • Saponification of fatty slaughterhouse wastes for enhancing anaerobic biodegradability
    Bioresource Technology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Audrey Battimelli, Helene Carrere, J P Delgenes
    Abstract:

    The thermochemical pretreatment by saponification of two kinds of fatty slaughterhouse waste - aeroflotation fats and flesh fats from animal carcasses - was studied in order to improve the waste's anaerobic degradation. The effect of an easily biodegradable compound, ethanol, on raw waste biodegradation was also examined. The aims of the study were to enhance the methanisation of fatty waste and also to show a link between biodegradability and Bio-Availability. The anaerobic digestion of raw waste, saponified waste and waste with a co-substrate was carried out in batch mode under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The results showed little increase in the total volume of biogas, indicating a good biodegradability of the raw wastes. Mean biogas volume reached 1200 mL/g VS which represented more than 90% of the maximal theoretical biogas potential. Raw fatty wastes were slowly biodegraded whereas pretreated wastes showed improved initial reaction kinetics, indicating a better initial Bio-Availability, particularly for mesophilic runs. The effects observed for raw wastes with ethanol as co-substrate depended on the process temperature: in mesophilic conditions, an initial improvement was observed whereas in thermophilic conditions a significant decrease in biodegradability was observed. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hettie C. Schönfeldt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Determining iron Bio-Availability with a constant heme iron value
    Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hettie C. Schönfeldt, Nicolette Gibson Hall
    Abstract:

    Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. Consuming foods rich in dietary iron (high in both content and availability) is an effective way to alleviate iron deficiency. Iron from animal foods is more bio-available than iron from plant sources. This is due to the heme iron content in animal foods. According to the Monsen model, an average of 40% of total iron in meat, fish and poultry is in the heme form. Although the Monsen model can provide a generally good estimate of the heme iron content in animal products, recent research has suggested that the constant 40% value of heme iron is either an under- or over-estimation, depending on the source of the food. During this study a review was performed on the heme iron content of meat, fish and poultry, and comparisons are made with reference to the Monsen model. The aim of this study was to investigate whether using the constant 40% value for heme iron is adequate in describing the Bio-Availability of total iron in a particular food.

  • Determining iron Bio-Availability with a constant heme iron value
    Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hettie C. Schönfeldt, Nicolette Gibson Hall
    Abstract:

    Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. Consuming foods rich in dietary iron (high in both content and availability) is an effective way to alleviate iron deficiency. Iron from animal foods is more bio-available than iron from plants sources. This is due to the heme iron content in animal foods. According to the Monsen model, an average of 40% of total iron in meat, fish and poultry is in the heme iron. Although the Monsen model can provide a generally good estimate of the heme iron content in animals products, recent research has suggested that the constant 40% value of heme iron is either an under- or over-estimation, depending on the source for the food. During this study a review was performed on the heme iron content of meat, fish and poultry, and comparisons are made with reference to the Monsen model. The aim of this study was to investigate whether using the constant 40% value for heme iron is adequate in describing the Bio-Availability of total iron in a particular food.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jfcanf201

Marco Antonio Rondon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biological nitrogen fixation by common beans phaseolus vulgaris l increases with bio char additions
    Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2007
    Co-Authors: Marco Antonio Rondon, Johannes Lehmann, Juan Ramirez, Maria Del Pilar Hurtado
    Abstract:

    This study examines the potential, magnitude, and causes of enhanced biological N2 fixation (BNF) by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through bio-char additions (charcoal, biomass-derived black carbon). Bio-char was added at 0, 30, 60, and 90 g kg−1 soil, and BNF was determined using the isotope dilution method after adding 15N-enriched ammonium sulfate to a Typic Haplustox cropped to a potentially nodulating bean variety (CIAT BAT 477) in comparison to its non-nodulating isoline (BAT 477NN), both inoculated with effective Rhizobium strains. The proportion of fixed N increased from 50% without bio-char additions to 72% with 90 g kg−1 bio-char added. While total N derived from the atmosphere (NdfA) significantly increased by 49 and 78% with 30 and 60 g kg−1 bio-char added to soil, respectively, NdfA decreased to 30% above the control with 90 g kg−1 due to low total biomass production and N uptake. The primary reason for the higher BNF with bio-char additions was the greater B and Mo availability, whereas greater K, Ca, and P availability, as well as higher pH and lower N availability and Al saturation, may have contributed to a lesser extent. Enhanced mycorrhizal infections of roots were not found to contribute to better nutrient uptake and BNF. Bean yield increased by 46% and biomass production by 39% over the control at 90 and 60 g kg−1 bio-char, respectively. However, biomass production and total N uptake decreased when bio-char applications were increased to 90 g kg−1. Soil N uptake by N-fixing beans decreased by 14, 17, and 50% when 30, 60, and 90 g kg−1 bio-char were added to soil, whereas the C/N ratios increased from 16 to 23.7, 28, and 35, respectively. Results demonstrate the potential of bio-char applications to improve N input into agroecosystems while pointing out the needs for long-term field studies to better understand the effects of bio-char on BNF.