The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anne Morrissey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of Biodegradable municipal Waste bmw management strategies in ireland and the czech republic and the lessons learned
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2014Co-Authors: A Zavodska, L Benesova, Beatrice Smyth, Anne MorrisseyAbstract:Abstract In order to meet the recycling and recovery targets set forth by the European Union's (EU) Waste and Landfill Directives, both the Irish and Czech governments’ policy on Waste management is changing to meet these pressures, with major emphasis being placed upon the management of Biodegradable municipal Waste (BMW). In particular, the EU Landfill Directive requires reductions in the rate of BMW going to landfill to 35% of 1995 values by 2016 and 2020 for Ireland and the Czech Republic, respectively. In this paper, the strategies of how Ireland and the Czech Republic plan to meet this challenge are compared. Ireland either landfills or exports its Waste for recovery, while the Czech Republic has a relatively new Waste management infrastructure. While Ireland met the first target of 75% diversion of BMW from landfill by 2010 and preliminary 2012 data indicate that Ireland is on track to meet the 2013 target, the achievement of the 2016 target remains at risk. Indicators that were developed to monitor the Czech Republic's path to meeting the targets demonstrate that it did not meet the first target that was set for 2010 and will probably not meet its 2013 target either. The evaluation reports on the implementation of Waste Management Plan of Czech Republic suggest that the currently applied strategy to divert Biodegradable Waste from landfill is not effective enough. For both countries, the EU Waste Framework and Landfill Directives will be a significant influence and driver of change in Waste management practices and governance over the coming decade. This means that both countries will not only have to invest in infrastructure to achieve the targets, but will also have to increase awareness among the public in diverting this Waste at the household level. Improving environmental education is part of increased awareness as it is imperative for citizens to understand the consequences of their actions as affluence continues to grow producing increased levels of Waste.
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Biodegradable municipal Waste bmw management strategy in ireland a comparison with some key issues in the bmw strategy being adopted in england
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2007Co-Authors: Anne Morrissey, Paul S PhillipsAbstract:Due to increasing pressure from the European Union to meet recycling and recovery targets, (e.g. the packaging Waste, Waste electronic equipment and landfill directives), both the Irish and England's governments’ policy on Waste management is changing to meet these pressures, with major emphasis upon the management of Biodegradable municipal Waste (BMW). In particular, the EU landfill directive requires reductions in the rate of Biodegradable Waste going to landfill to 35% by 2016. The objective of this paper is to examine how Ireland plans to meet this challenge and to compare the Irish strategy to that being adopted in England. The approach in England is driven by a clear understanding that the practice in the late 1990s was unlikely to ensure compliance with EU targets by the set dates. England has therefore developed a discrete, programme (Waste Implementation Programme) to drive a new approach, based on rigorous science and international best practice, which includes a Demonstrator Programme for new technologies. The dynamic, high cost, large scale programme in England stands in sharp contrast to that for Ireland and only future, detailed analysis of outcomes will be able to evaluate the cost effectiveness of each.
M C Marquez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanical biological treatment performance and potentials an lca of 8 mbt plants including Waste characterization
Journal of Environmental Management, 2013Co-Authors: C Montejo, M C Marquez, Davide Tonini, Thomas Fruergaard AstrupAbstract:Abstract In the endeavour of avoiding presence of Biodegradable Waste in landfills and increasing recycling, mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) plants have seen a significant increase in number and capacity in the last two decades. The aim of these plants is separating and stabilizing the quickly Biodegradable fraction of the Waste as well as recovering recyclables from mixed Waste streams. In this study the environmental performance of eight MBT-based Waste management scenarios in Spain was assessed by means of life cycle assessment. The focus was on the technical and environmental performance of the MBT plants. These widely differed in type of biological treatment and recovery efficiencies. The results indicated that the performance is strongly connected with energy and materials recovery efficiency. The recommendation for upgrading and/or commissioning of future plants is to optimize materials recovery through increased automation of the selection and to prioritize biogas-electricity production from the organic fraction over direct composting. The optimal strategy for refuse derived fuel (RDF) management depends upon the environmental compartment to be prioritized and the type of marginal electricity source in the system. It was estimated that, overall, up to ca. 180—190 kt CO 2 -eq. y −1 may be saved by optimizing the MBT plants under assessment.
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analysis of the presence of improper materials in the composting process performed in ten mbt plants
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: C Montejo, P Ramos, C M Costa, M C MarquezAbstract:Composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid Waste (OFMSW) reduces the amount of Biodegradable Waste landfilled. However, the final product or compost used as organic soil amendment shows a large presence of improper materials and alarming concentrations of heavy metals. In this work, 30 samples of OFMSW before and after composting have been characterized to determine qualitatively and quantitatively this contamination and its origin. In addition, technical features of the equipment installed in 10 Waste treatment plants have been assessed because of their influence on the streams involved in the composting process. Results show 78.2% of the samples stabilized by composting to be organic matter and the rest corresponds to improper materials, mainly paper, plastic and glass. Origin is due to the composting feedstocks, the OFMSW obtained by size separation in trommels which, due to non-source separation and poor selectivity, contains one third of impurities. In seven of the 30 samples household batteries were found.
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Biodegradable municipal solid Waste characterization and potential use as animal feedstuffs
Waste Management, 2005Co-Authors: A J Garcia, M B Esteban, M C Marquez, P RamosAbstract:Five different fractions of the Biodegradable municipal solid Waste (BMSW) were evaluated as potential animal feedstuffs. For each source of Waste (meat Waste (MW), fish Waste (FW), fruit and vegetables Waste (FVW), restaurant Waste (RW), household Waste (HW)), samples were obtained from small shops (butchers, fishmongers, fruit and vegetable shops), restaurants and a MSW treatment plant (household Waste). The chemical composition, microbiological characterization, dioxins, furans, PCB's and mineral content were determined for every type of Waste fraction. The analysed Biodegradable Waste presented high moisture content (from 60% to 90%). Some fractions were dense in one nutrient: meat Waste in ether extract, fish Waste in crude protein, fruit and vegetable Waste in nitrogen free extract. The other studied fractions (restaurant fraction and household fraction) presented a more balanced composition, but the presence of toxic concentrations of contaminants such as metals was higher than European legislation permitted values in animal feeding. From a microbiological standpoint, a heat treatment at 65 degrees C for 20 min was sufficient to ensure microbiological quality of the samples. This treatment was also advisable to reduce the moisture content: a lower moisture content facilitates the Waste handling and processing and, therefore, the inclusion of these Waste fractions in commercial animal diets. This paper presents a potential alternative for the recovery of organic matter content in municipal solid Waste. The results obtained in this research and the feedstuffs legislation in force related to animal feed, indicated that some of the studied Biodegradable Waste fractions (meat Waste, fruit and vegetable Waste and fish Waste) could be considered as alternatives to typical raw materials used in animal feeds.
Ulf Sonesson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental and economic analysis of management systems for Biodegradable Waste
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2000Co-Authors: Ulf Sonesson, Anna Bjorklund, Magnus Carlsson, Magnus DalemoAbstract:The management system for solid and liquid organic Waste affects the environment and surrounding technical systems in several ways. In order to decrease the environmental impact and resource use, biological Waste treatment and alternative solutions for sewage treatment are often advocated. These alternatives include increased agricultural use of Waste residuals. To analyse whether such proposed systems indicate improvements for the environment and its sustainability, systems analysis is a useful method. The changes in environmental impact and resource use is not only a result of changes in Waste treatment methods, but also largely a result of changes in surrounding systems (energy and agriculture) caused by changes in Waste management practices. In order to perform a systems analysis, a substance-flow simulation model, the organic Waste research model (ORWARE), has been used. The results are evaluated by using methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA). An economic analysis was also performed on three of the studied scenarios. The management system for solid organic Waste and sewage in the municipality of Uppsala, Sweden, was studied. Three scenarios for different treatments of solid Waste were analysed: incineration with heat recovery, composting, and anaerobic digestion. These three scenarios included conventional sewage treatment. A fourth scenario reviewed was anaerobic digestion of solid Waste, using urine-separating toilets and separate handling of the urine fraction. The results are only valid for the case study and under the assumptions made. In this case study anaerobic digestion result in the lowest environmental impact of all the solid Waste management systems, but is costly. Economically, incineration with heat recovery is the cheapest way to treat solid Waste. Composting gives environmental advantages compared to incineration methods, without significantly increased costs. Urine separation, which may be implemented together with any solid Waste treatment, has great advantages, particularly in its low impact on the environment. However, there is a large increase in acidification.
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planning Biodegradable Waste management in stockholm
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Anna Bjorklund, Charlotte Bjuggren, Magnus Dalemo, Ulf SonessonAbstract:The environmental impact of the management of Biodegradable Waste in Stockholm, based mainly on incineration and landfilling, was compared to systems with significant nutrient recycling; large-scal ...
Magnus Dalemo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental and economic analysis of management systems for Biodegradable Waste
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2000Co-Authors: Ulf Sonesson, Anna Bjorklund, Magnus Carlsson, Magnus DalemoAbstract:The management system for solid and liquid organic Waste affects the environment and surrounding technical systems in several ways. In order to decrease the environmental impact and resource use, biological Waste treatment and alternative solutions for sewage treatment are often advocated. These alternatives include increased agricultural use of Waste residuals. To analyse whether such proposed systems indicate improvements for the environment and its sustainability, systems analysis is a useful method. The changes in environmental impact and resource use is not only a result of changes in Waste treatment methods, but also largely a result of changes in surrounding systems (energy and agriculture) caused by changes in Waste management practices. In order to perform a systems analysis, a substance-flow simulation model, the organic Waste research model (ORWARE), has been used. The results are evaluated by using methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA). An economic analysis was also performed on three of the studied scenarios. The management system for solid organic Waste and sewage in the municipality of Uppsala, Sweden, was studied. Three scenarios for different treatments of solid Waste were analysed: incineration with heat recovery, composting, and anaerobic digestion. These three scenarios included conventional sewage treatment. A fourth scenario reviewed was anaerobic digestion of solid Waste, using urine-separating toilets and separate handling of the urine fraction. The results are only valid for the case study and under the assumptions made. In this case study anaerobic digestion result in the lowest environmental impact of all the solid Waste management systems, but is costly. Economically, incineration with heat recovery is the cheapest way to treat solid Waste. Composting gives environmental advantages compared to incineration methods, without significantly increased costs. Urine separation, which may be implemented together with any solid Waste treatment, has great advantages, particularly in its low impact on the environment. However, there is a large increase in acidification.
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planning Biodegradable Waste management in stockholm
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Anna Bjorklund, Charlotte Bjuggren, Magnus Dalemo, Ulf SonessonAbstract:The environmental impact of the management of Biodegradable Waste in Stockholm, based mainly on incineration and landfilling, was compared to systems with significant nutrient recycling; large-scal ...
P Ramos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of the presence of improper materials in the composting process performed in ten mbt plants
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: C Montejo, P Ramos, C M Costa, M C MarquezAbstract:Composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid Waste (OFMSW) reduces the amount of Biodegradable Waste landfilled. However, the final product or compost used as organic soil amendment shows a large presence of improper materials and alarming concentrations of heavy metals. In this work, 30 samples of OFMSW before and after composting have been characterized to determine qualitatively and quantitatively this contamination and its origin. In addition, technical features of the equipment installed in 10 Waste treatment plants have been assessed because of their influence on the streams involved in the composting process. Results show 78.2% of the samples stabilized by composting to be organic matter and the rest corresponds to improper materials, mainly paper, plastic and glass. Origin is due to the composting feedstocks, the OFMSW obtained by size separation in trommels which, due to non-source separation and poor selectivity, contains one third of impurities. In seven of the 30 samples household batteries were found.
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Biodegradable municipal solid Waste characterization and potential use as animal feedstuffs
Waste Management, 2005Co-Authors: A J Garcia, M B Esteban, M C Marquez, P RamosAbstract:Five different fractions of the Biodegradable municipal solid Waste (BMSW) were evaluated as potential animal feedstuffs. For each source of Waste (meat Waste (MW), fish Waste (FW), fruit and vegetables Waste (FVW), restaurant Waste (RW), household Waste (HW)), samples were obtained from small shops (butchers, fishmongers, fruit and vegetable shops), restaurants and a MSW treatment plant (household Waste). The chemical composition, microbiological characterization, dioxins, furans, PCB's and mineral content were determined for every type of Waste fraction. The analysed Biodegradable Waste presented high moisture content (from 60% to 90%). Some fractions were dense in one nutrient: meat Waste in ether extract, fish Waste in crude protein, fruit and vegetable Waste in nitrogen free extract. The other studied fractions (restaurant fraction and household fraction) presented a more balanced composition, but the presence of toxic concentrations of contaminants such as metals was higher than European legislation permitted values in animal feeding. From a microbiological standpoint, a heat treatment at 65 degrees C for 20 min was sufficient to ensure microbiological quality of the samples. This treatment was also advisable to reduce the moisture content: a lower moisture content facilitates the Waste handling and processing and, therefore, the inclusion of these Waste fractions in commercial animal diets. This paper presents a potential alternative for the recovery of organic matter content in municipal solid Waste. The results obtained in this research and the feedstuffs legislation in force related to animal feed, indicated that some of the studied Biodegradable Waste fractions (meat Waste, fruit and vegetable Waste and fish Waste) could be considered as alternatives to typical raw materials used in animal feeds.