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Benjamin Rolland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Full-Profile Pharmacokinetic Study of High Dose Baclofen in Subjects With Alcohol Use Disorder
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2018Co-Authors: Nicolas Simon, Romain Moirand, Maurice Dematteis, Régis Bordet, Dominique Deplanque, Benjamin RollandAbstract:Baclofen a gamma amino-butyric acid type B (GABA-B) receptor agonist, which has raised some interest for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD), occasionally at dose up to 300 mg/d. We conducted the first full-profile pharmacokinetic study on baclofen in AUD subjects, up to the oral daily dose of 300mg. Sixty subjects treated for AUD with marketed baclofen were enrolled in a prospective phase-1 study. Participants were divided into four dose groups (1 < 60 mg/d; 2 60-120 mg/d; 3 > 120 mg/d-180 mg/d; and 4 > 180 mg/d), and they underwent a full-profile pharmacokinetic analysis of baclofen, using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling. The influence of different clinical and Biological covariates was assessed in an upward modeling. Fifty-seven participants completed the study (522 observed concentrations collected). Racemic baclofen showed a linear pharmacokinetic profile, corresponding to a one-compartment model, with no influencing clinical or Biological Factor. The pharmacokinetic parameters of baclofen were (bootstrap 95% confidence intervals) absorption constant (Ka) 1.64 1/h (1.34-2), clearance (Cl/F) 11.6 L/h (10.8-12.3) and volume of distribution (Vd/F) 72.8 L (66.5-80.4) leading to a half-life of 4.4 h. The interindividual variability (IIV) was 44% (19-65), 21% (16-27), and 22% (11-36) for Ka, Cl/F, and Vd/F, respectively. The residual variability was 24% (21-26). No serious adverse event was reported.
Dominick Zero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extrinsic causes of erosion. Biological Factors
2006Co-Authors: Anderson T. Hara, Adrian Lussi, Dominick ZeroAbstract:Biological Factors such as saliva, acquired dental pellicle, tooth structure and positioning in relation to soft tissues and tongue are related to dental erosion development. Saliva has been shown to be the most important Biological Factor in the prevention of dental erosion. It starts acting even before the acid attack, with the increase of the salivary flow rate as a response to the acidic stimuli. This creates a favorable scenario, increasing the buffering system of saliva and effectively diluting and clearing acids on dental surfaces during the erosive challenge. Saliva plays a role in the formation of the acquired dental pellicle, which acts as a perm-selective membrane preventing contact of the acid with the tooth surf aces. The protective level of the pellicle seems to be regulated by its composition, thickness and maturation time. Due to its mineral content, saliva can also prevent demineralization as well as enhance remineralization. However, these preventive and reparative Factors of saliva may not be enough against highly erosive challenges, leading to erosion development. The progress rate of erosion can be significantly influenced by the type of dental substrate, occurrence of mechanical and chemical attacks, fluoride exposure, and also by contact with the oral soft tissues and tongue.
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Biological Factors.
Monographs in oral science, 2006Co-Authors: Anderson T. Hara, Adrian Lussi, Dominick ZeroAbstract:Biological Factors such as saliva, acquired dental pellicle, tooth structure and positioning in relation to soft tissues and tongue are related to dental erosion development. Saliva has been shown to be the most important Biological Factor in the prevention of dental erosion. It starts acting even before the acid attack, with the increase of the salivary flow rate as a response to the acidic stimuli. This creates a favorable scenario, increasing the buffering system of saliva and effectively diluting and clearing acids on dental surfaces during the erosive challenge. Saliva plays a role in the formation of the acquired dental pellicle, which acts as a perm-selective membrane preventing contact of the acid with the tooth surfaces. The protective level of the pellicle seems to be regulated by its composition, thickness and maturation time. Due to its mineral content, saliva can also prevent demineralization as well as enhance remineralization. However, these preventive and reparative Factors of saliva may not be enough against highly erosive challenges, leading to erosion development. The progress rate of erosion can be significantly influenced by the type of dental substrate, occurrence of mechanical and chemical attacks, fluoride exposure, and also by contact with the oral soft tissues and tongue.
Brian C Verrelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk Factors associated with deformational plagiocephaly
Pediatrics, 2009Co-Authors: Jessica L Joganic, John M Lynch, Timothy R Littlefield, Brian C VerrelliAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to statistically evaluate the independent and interacting effects of Biological and environmental risk Factors that influence lateralization of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) in an attempt to provide future guidance for clinical treatment. METHODS: A database of >20000 children treated for DP was examined by using 2- and 3-way Factor analyses for categorical frequency data, representing the largest statistical analysis of DP to date. Data on parity, zygosity, intrauterine presentation, birth number and weight, sleep position, lateralization, and sex were collected from parents of children with DP who were treated at Cranial Technologies, Inc, from 1990 to 2007. RESULTS: As with most DP studies, male patients were significantly overrepresented. Nonetheless, after statistically accounting for sex in our analyses, DP is significantly correlated with primiparity, fewer vertex but more breech and transverse intrauterine presentations, twinning (specifically, dizygosity), and, finally, right-sided lateralization. Additional analyses revealed that several Factors correlated with DP, such as intrauterine presentation, sleep position, and lateralization, are not easily explained by an underlying Biological Factor. Instead, sleep position was the single greatest predictor of lateralization. CONCLUSION: Although previous studies have argued for both environmental and underlying Biological Factors associated with DP, we found that lateralization in children with DP could be largely explained by environmental Factors such as sleep position.
Bonnie J Kaplan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perinatal depression prevalence risks and the nutrition link a review of the literature
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2009Co-Authors: Brenda Leung, Bonnie J KaplanAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this review is to examine the role of nutrition in perinatal depression. Perinatal (maternal) depression refers to major and minor episodes during pregnancy (termed antenatal ) and/or within the first 12 months after delivery (termed postpartum or postnatal ). Prevalence of antenatal depression can be as high as 20%, while approximately 12% to 16% of women experience postpartum depression. These are probably conservative estimates, as cases of maternal depression are underreported or underdiagnosed. Risk Factors for depression include genetic predisposition and environmental Factors, as well as a number of social, psychological, and Biological Factors. One Biological Factor given increasing consideration is inadequate nutrition. Credible links between nutrient deficiency and mood have been reported for folate, vitamin B-12, calcium, iron, selenium, zinc, and n-3 fatty acids. For maternal depression, the nutrient that has received the most attention from nutrition researchers has been the n-3 essential fatty acids. Numerous studies, such as randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and ecological studies, have found a positive association between low n-3 levels and a higher incidence of maternal depression. In addition, nutrient inadequacies in pregnant women who consume a typical western diet might be much more common than researchers and clinicians realize. A number of studies have reported inadequate intakes of n-3, folate, B vitamins, iron, and calcium in pregnant women. Depletion of nutrient reserves throughout pregnancy can increase a woman's risk for maternal depression.
Nicolas Simon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Full-Profile Pharmacokinetic Study of High Dose Baclofen in Subjects With Alcohol Use Disorder
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2018Co-Authors: Nicolas Simon, Romain Moirand, Maurice Dematteis, Régis Bordet, Dominique Deplanque, Benjamin RollandAbstract:Baclofen a gamma amino-butyric acid type B (GABA-B) receptor agonist, which has raised some interest for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD), occasionally at dose up to 300 mg/d. We conducted the first full-profile pharmacokinetic study on baclofen in AUD subjects, up to the oral daily dose of 300mg. Sixty subjects treated for AUD with marketed baclofen were enrolled in a prospective phase-1 study. Participants were divided into four dose groups (1 < 60 mg/d; 2 60-120 mg/d; 3 > 120 mg/d-180 mg/d; and 4 > 180 mg/d), and they underwent a full-profile pharmacokinetic analysis of baclofen, using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling. The influence of different clinical and Biological covariates was assessed in an upward modeling. Fifty-seven participants completed the study (522 observed concentrations collected). Racemic baclofen showed a linear pharmacokinetic profile, corresponding to a one-compartment model, with no influencing clinical or Biological Factor. The pharmacokinetic parameters of baclofen were (bootstrap 95% confidence intervals) absorption constant (Ka) 1.64 1/h (1.34-2), clearance (Cl/F) 11.6 L/h (10.8-12.3) and volume of distribution (Vd/F) 72.8 L (66.5-80.4) leading to a half-life of 4.4 h. The interindividual variability (IIV) was 44% (19-65), 21% (16-27), and 22% (11-36) for Ka, Cl/F, and Vd/F, respectively. The residual variability was 24% (21-26). No serious adverse event was reported.