The Experts below are selected from a list of 46845 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott E Kanoski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gut to brain dysbiosis mechanisms linking Western Diet consumption the microbiome and cognitive impairment
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Emily E Noble, Ted M Hsu, Scott E KanoskiAbstract:Consumption of a Western Diet (WD) that is high in saturated fat and added sugars negatively impacts cognitive function, particularly mnemonic processes that rely on the integrity of the hippocampus. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences cognitive function via the gut-brain axis, and that WD factors significantly alter the proportions of commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Here we review mechanisms through which consuming a WD negatively impacts neurocognitive function, with a particular focus on recent evidence linking the gut microbiome with Dietary- and metabolic-associated hippocampal impairment. We highlight evidence linking gut bacteria to altered intestinal permeability and blood brain barrier integrity, thus making the brain more vulnerable to the influx of deleterious substances from the circulation. WD consumption also increases production of endotoxin by commensal bacteria, which may promote neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Recent findings also show that Diet-induced alterations in gut microbiota impair peripheral insulin sensitivity, which is associated with hippocampal neuronal derrangements and associated mnemonic deficits. In some cases treatment with specific probiotics or prebiotics can prevent or reverse some of the deleterious impact of WD consumption on neuropsychological outcomes, indicating that targeting the microbiome may be a successful strategy for combating Dietary- and metabolic-associated cognitive impairment.
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Blood-brain barrier disruption: mechanistic links between Western Diet consumption and dementia.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Scott E KanoskiAbstract:Both obesity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are major health burdens in Western societies. While commonly viewed as having separate etiologies, this review highlights data suggesting that intake of “Western Diets”, Diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and simple carbohydrates, may pose a common environmental risk factor contributing to the development of both of these adverse pathologies. We discuss the effects of Western Diet intake on learning and memory processes that are dependent on the hippocampus, as well as the importance of this brain region in both obesity development and the onset of Alzheimer’s and other dementias. A putative mechanism is discussed that mechanistically links Western Diet consumption, blood brain barrier (BBB) degradation, and subsequent hippocampal damage and dementia pathology.
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Western Diet consumption and cognitive impairment: Links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity
Physiology & Behavior, 2010Co-Authors: Scott E Kanoski, Terry L. DavidsonAbstract:Intake of saturated fats and simple carbohydrates, two of the primary components of a modern Western Diet, is linked with the development of obesity and Alzheimer's Disease. The present paper summarizes research showing that Western Diet intake is associated with cognitive impairment, with a specific emphasis on learning and memory functions that are dependent on the integrity of the hippocampus. The paper then considers evidence that saturated fat and simple carbohydrate intake is correlated with neurobiological changes in the hippocampus that may be related to the ability of these Dietary components to impair cognitive function. Finally, a model is described proposing that Western Diet consumption contributes to the development of excessive food intake and obesity, in part, by interfering with a type of hippocampal-dependent memory inhibition that is critical in the ability of animals to refrain from responding to environmental cues associated with food, and ultimately from consuming energy intake in excess of that driven solely by caloric need.
Bodo C Melnik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dietary intervention in acne: Attenuation of increased mTORC1 signaling promoted by Western Diet
Dermato-endocrinology, 2014Co-Authors: Bodo C MelnikAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to highlight the endocrine signaling of Western Diet, a fundamental environmental factor involved in the pathogenesis of epidemic acne. Western nutrition is characterized by high calorie uptake, high glycemic load, high fat and meat intake, as well as increased consumption of insulin- and IGF-1-level elevating dairy proteins. Metabolic signals of Western Diet are sensed by the nutrient-sensitive kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which integrates signals of cellular energy, growth factors (insulin, IGF-1) and protein-derived signals, predominantly leucine, provided in high amounts by milk proteins and meat. mTORC1 activates SREBP, the master transcription factor of lipogenesis. Leucine stimulates mTORC1-SREBP signaling and leucine is directly converted by sebocytes into fatty acids and sterols for sebaceous lipid synthesis. Over-activated mTORC1 increases androgen hormone secretion and most likely amplifies androgen-driven mTORC1 signaling of sebaceous follicles. Testosterone directly activates mTORC1. Future research should investigate the effects of isotretinoin on sebocyte mTORC1 activity. It is conceivable that isotretinoin may downregulate mTORC1 in sebocytes by upregulation of nuclear levels of FoxO1. The role of Western Diet in acne can only be fully appreciated when all stimulatory inputs for maximal mTORC1 activation, i.e., glucose, insulin, IGF-1 and leucine, are adequately considered. Epidemic acne has to be recognized as an mTORC1-driven disease of civilization like obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. These new insights into Western Diet-mediated mTORC1-hyperactivity provide a rational basis for Dietary intervention in acne by attenuating mTORC1 signaling by reducing (1) total energy intake, (2) hyperglycemic carbohydrates, (3) insulinotropic dairy proteins and (4) leucine-rich meat and dairy proteins. The necessary Dietary changes are opposed to the evolution of industrialized food and fast food distribution of Westernized countries. An attenuation of mTORC1 signaling is only possible by increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruit, the major components of vegan or Paleolithic Diets. The dermatologist bears a tremendous responsibility for his young acne patients who should be advised to modify their Dietary habits in order to reduce activating stimuli of mTORC1, not only to improve acne but to prevent the harmful and expensive march to other mTORC1-related chronic diseases later in life.
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Western Diet mediated mtorc1 signaling in acne psoriasis atopic dermatitis and related diseases of civilization therapeutic role of plant derived natural mtorc1 inhibitors
2013Co-Authors: Bodo C MelnikAbstract:Nutrient signaling of Western Diet plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of epidemic skin diseases.
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over stimulation of insulin igf 1 signaling by Western Diet may promote diseases of civilization lessons learnt from laron syndrome
Nutrition & Metabolism, 2011Co-Authors: Bodo C Melnik, Swen Malte John, Gerd SchmitzAbstract:The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway drives an evolutionarily conserved network that regulates lifespan and longevity. Individuals with Laron syndrome who carry mutations in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene that lead to severe congenital IGF-1 deficiency with decreased insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) exhibit reduced prevalence rates of acne, diabetes and cancer. Western Diet with high intake of hyperglycemic carbohydrates and insulinotropic dairy over-stimulates IIS. The reduction of IIS in Laron subjects unmasks the potential role of persistent hyperactive IIS mediated by Western Diet in the development of diseases of civilization and offers a rational perspective for Dietary adjustments with less insulinotropic Diets like the Paleolithic Diet.
Inge Andreas Lindseth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Western Diet microbiome host interaction and its role in metabolic disease
2018Co-Authors: Marit Kolby Zinöcker, Inge Andreas LindsethAbstract:The Dietary pattern that characterizes the Western Diet is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, but biological mechanisms supporting these associations remain largely unknown. We argue that the Western Diet promotes inflammation that arises from both structural and behavioral changes in the resident microbiome. The environment created in the gut by ultra-processed foods, a hallmark of the Western Diet, is an evolutionarily unique selection ground for microbes that can promote diverse forms of inflammatory disease. Recognizing the importance of the microbiome in the development of Diet-related disease has implications for future research, public Dietary advice as well as food production practices. Research into food patterns suggests that whole foods are a common denominator of Diets associated with a low level of Diet-related disease. Hence, by studying how ultra-processing changes the properties of whole foods and how these foods affect the gut microbiome, more useful Dietary guidelines can be made. Innovations in food production should be focusing on enabling health in the super-organism of man and microbe, and stronger regulation of potentially hazardous components of food products is warranted.
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The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease
Nutrients, 2018Co-Authors: Marit Kolby Zinöcker, Inge Andreas LindsethAbstract:The Dietary pattern that characterizes the Western Diet is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, but biological mechanisms supporting these associations remain largely unknown. We argue that the Western Diet promotes inflammation that arises from both structural and behavioral changes in the resident microbiome. The environment created in the gut by ultra-processed foods, a hallmark of the Western Diet, is an evolutionarily unique selection ground for microbes that can promote diverse forms of inflammatory disease. Recognizing the importance of the microbiome in the development of Diet-related disease has implications for future research, public Dietary advice as well as food production practices. Research into food patterns suggests that whole foods are a common denominator of Diets associated with a low level of Diet-related disease. Hence, by studying how ultra-processing changes the properties of whole foods and how these foods affect the gut microbiome, more useful Dietary guidelines can be made. Innovations in food production should be focusing on enabling health in the super-organism of man and microbe, and stronger regulation of potentially hazardous components of food products is warranted.
Goodarz Danaei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the global cardiovascular risk transition associations of four metabolic risk factors with national income urbanization and Western Diet in 1980 and 2008
Circulation, 2013Co-Authors: Goodarz Danaei, Gitanjali M Singh, Christopher J Paciorek, Melanie J Cowan, Mariel M Finucane, Farshad Farzadfar, Gretchen A Stevens, Leanne M Riley, Yuan Lu, Majid EzzatiAbstract:BACKGROUND: It is commonly assumed that cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with affluence and Westernization. We investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol with national income, Western Diet, and, for BMI, urbanization in 1980 and 2008. METHODS AND RESULTS: Country-level risk factor estimates for 199 countries between 1980 and 2008 were from a previous systematic analysis of population-based data. We analyzed the associations between risk factors and per capita national income, a measure of Western Diet, and, for BMI, the percentage of the population living in urban areas. In 1980, there was a positive association between national income and population mean BMI, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. By 2008, the slope of the association between national income and systolic blood pressure became negative for women and zero for men. Total cholesterol was associated with national income and Western Diet in both 1980 and 2008. In 1980, BMI rose with national income and then flattened at ≈Int$7000; by 2008, the relationship resembled an inverted U for women, peaking at middle-income levels. BMI had a positive relationship with the percentage of urban population in both 1980 and 2008. Fasting plasma glucose had weaker associations with these country macro characteristics, but it was positively associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The changing associations of metabolic risk factors with macroeconomic variables indicate that there will be a global pandemic of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, together with high blood pressure in low-income countries, unless effective lifestyle and pharmacological interventions are implemented.
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the global cardiovascular risk transition associations of four metabolic risk factors with national income urbanization and Western Diet in 1980 and 2008
Circulation, 2013Co-Authors: Goodarz Danaei, Gitanjali M Singh, Christopher J Paciorek, Melanie J Cowan, Mariel M Finucane, Farshad Farzadfar, Gretchen A Stevens, Leanne M Riley, John K Lin, Mayuree RaoAbstract:Background—It is commonly assumed that cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with affluence and Westernization. We investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol with national income, Western Diet, and, for BMI, urbanization in 1980 and 2008. Methods and Results—Country-level risk factor estimates for 199 countries between 1980 and 2008 were from a previous systematic analysis of population-based data. We analyzed the associations between risk factors and per capita national income, a measure of Western Diet, and, for BMI, the percentage of the population living in urban areas. In 1980, there was a positive association between national income and population mean BMI, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. By 2008, the slope of the association between national income and systolic blood pressure became negative for women and zero for men. Total cholesterol was associated with national income and Weste...
Boris Bigalke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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weight reduction in patients with coronary artery disease comparison of traditional tibetan medicine and Western Diet
International Journal of Cardiology, 2013Co-Authors: Stephan Von Haehling, Namgyal Qusar, Boris Bigalke, Konstantinos Stellos, Meinrad GawazAbstract:Abstract Background To test alternative medicine approaches with a specifically designed Tibetan Dietary and behavioral program in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) and manifest metabolic syndrome. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, parallel group Dietary and behavioral intervention study. Between December 2008 and November 2010, patients were randomly adjudicated either to evidence-based Western Diet (usual care), or to Tibetan Diet. We evaluated 524 patients undergoing coronary angiography. All patients were white Caucasian, presented with a body mass index (BMI) >25kg/m 2 , and had evidence of metabolic syndrome. The primary endpoint was change in body weight and BMI at 6months follow-up. Secondary endpoints included blood pressure, heart rate, intima media thickness, lipids, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) at 6months follow-up and change in body weight and BMI at 12months. Results Both groups of patients showed significantly reduced body weight and BMI compared to baseline (6months, usual care weight change: −3.2±3.0kg; BMI change: −1.1±1.0kg/m 2 ; Tibetan Diet weight change: −6.2±4.4kg/m 2 ; BMI change: −2.1±1.5kg/m 2 ), but these changes were more pronounced in Tibetan Diet compared to usual care (all, p Conclusions Tibetan Diet reduces body weight and BMI in patients with CAD and metabolic syndrome after 6months significantly better than Western Diet and may induce lipid-modifying and anti-inflammatory effects (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00810992).
