The Experts below are selected from a list of 282 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matías De La Fuente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In-vitro cell treatment with focused shockwaves—influence of the experimental setup on the sound field and Biological Reaction
Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound, 2016Co-Authors: Kristin Dietz-laursonn, Rainer Beckmann, Siegfried Ginter, Klaus Radermacher, Matías De La FuenteAbstract:Background To improve understanding of shockwave therapy mechanisms, in vitro experiments are conducted and the correlation between cell Reaction and shockwave parameters like the maximum pressure or energy density is studied. If the shockwave is not measured in the experimental setup used, it is usually assumed that the device’s shockwave parameters (=manufacturer’s free field measurements) are valid. But this applies only for in vitro setups which do not modify the shockwave, e.g., by reflection or refraction. We hypothesize that most setups used for in vitro shockwave experiments described in the literature influence the sound field significantly so that correlations between the physical parameters and the Biological Reaction are not valid. Methods To reveal the components of common shockwave in vitro setups which mainly influence the sound field, 32 publications with 37 setups used for focused shockwave experiments were reviewed and evaluated regarding cavitation, cell container material, focal sound field size relative to cell model size, and distance between treated cells and air. For further evaluation of the severity of those influences, experiments and calculations were conducted. Results In 37 setups, 17 different combinations of coupling, cell container, and cell model are described. The setup used mainly is a transducer coupled via water to a tube filled with a cell suspension. As changes of the shockwaves’ maximum pressure of 11 % can already induce changes of the Biological Reaction, the sound field and Biological Reactions are mainly disturbed by use of standard cell containers, use of coupling gel, air within the 5 MPa focal zone, and cell model sizes which are bigger than half the −6 dB focal dimensions. Conclusions Until now, correct and sufficient information about the shockwave influencing cells in vitro is only provided in 1 of 32 publications. Based on these findings, guidelines for improved in vitro setups are proposed which help minimize the influence of the setup on the sound field.
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In-vitro cell treatment with focused shockwaves : influence of the experimental setup on the sound field and Biological Reaction
Journal of therapeutic ultrasound, 2016Co-Authors: Kristin Dietz-laursonn, Rainer Beckmann, Siegfried Ginter, Klaus Radermacher, Matías De La FuenteAbstract:Background To improve understanding of shockwave therapy mechanisms, in vitro experiments are conducted and the correlation between cell Reaction and shockwave parameters like the maximum pressure or energy density is studied. If the shockwave is not measured in the experimental setup used, it is usually assumed that the device’s shockwave parameters (=manufacturer’s free field measurements) are valid. But this applies only for in vitro setups which do not modify the shockwave, e.g., by reflection or refraction. We hypothesize that most setups used for in vitro shockwave experiments described in the literature influence the sound field significantly so that correlations between the physical parameters and the Biological Reaction are not valid.
Florian Seifriz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biological Reaction to vibration - Implications for sport
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 1999Co-Authors: Joachim Mester, Peter Spitzenfeil, Judith Schwarzer, Florian SeifrizAbstract:In many situations of everyday life, vibration load occurs. Here whole body vibration in vehicles, such as boats, cars, helicopters and others as well as hand-transmitted vibration (motor saws etc.) can be named. As vibration is assumed liable to cause various threats to human health, a great number of studies in work science focussed on dose effect relations and concepts for prevention. Although in many sports remarkable vibration load also occurs, there is very little research on the potential dangers and benefits of vibration stimuli, e.g. on whole body vibration and the implications for muscular activity and neuromuscular control in sport. In personal studies the damping behaviour and training effects under whole body vibration were investigated. Various research areas have been studied in order to approach the relevant topics: neuromuscular and posture control, energy metabolism in terms of oxygen uptake under whole body vibration and local concentration of phosphates by means of31P-MRS. Furthermore the effects of a strength training under whole body vibration were analysed. The results underline that vibration is a neglected research topic in sport science from the preventive point of view as well as from the one focussing on the improvement of sport performance.
Masahiko Negishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crystal structure‐based studies of cytosolic sulfotransferase
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2001Co-Authors: Kouichi Yoshinari, Evgeniy V. Petrotchenko, Lars C. Pedersen, Masahiko NegishiAbstract:Sulfation is a widely observed Biological Reaction conserved from bacterium to human that plays a key role in various Biological processes such as growth, development, and defense against adversities. Deficiencies due to the lack of the ubiquitous sulfate donor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) are lethal in humans. A large group of enzymes called sulfotransferases catalyze the transfer Reaction of sulfuryl group of PAPS to the acceptor group of numerous biochemical and xenochemical substrates. Four X-ray crystal structures of sulfotransferases have now been determined: cytosolic estrogen, hydroxysteroid, aryl sulfotransferases, and a sulfotransferase domain of the Golgi-membrane heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1. These have revealed the conserved core structure of the PAPS binding site, a common Reaction mechanism, and some information concerning the substrate specificity. These crystal structures introduce a new era of the study of the sulfotransferases. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:67–75, 2001
Agnieszka Gaszczak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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removal of styrene from dilute gaseous waste streams using a trickle bed bioreactor kinetics mass transfer and modeling of biodegradation process
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2012Co-Authors: Damian Kasperczyk, Grażyna Bartelmus, Agnieszka GaszczakAbstract:BACKGROUND: The removal of styrene from air streams in a co-current gas-liquid downflow trickle-bed bioreactor (TBB) inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. E-93486 strain was studied experimentally. The experiments were conducted to determine such parameters of the bioprocess as gas and liquid flow rates and specific styrene loading for which maximum elimination capacity was achieved. RESULT: The effect of inlet styrene concentration in gas phase on its degradation was studied in the range from 0.08 to 1.1 g m−3. The recirculation rate of the liquid medium was changed from 0.17 to 0.35 m3 h−1 whereas the gas flow rate was changed in the range from 1.2 to 6 m3 h−1. The treatment of air streams contaminated with styrene in a trickle-bed bioreactor was described with a mathematical model. The model incorporates mass transfer in both the gas and liquid phases and a Biological Reaction in biofilm. The rate of the partial stages of the process was determined experimentally. Microbial growth tests in the presence of styrene as the sole carbon and energy source were performed both in batch and continuous cultures. The Haldane model was used to describe Pseudomonas sp. E-93486 strain growth kinetics on styrene. CONCLUSION: The experiments conducted showed high activity of the examined bacterial strain in the styrene biodegradation process and relatively low sensitivity to inhibition of its growth at higher concentrations of styrene in the solution. The results of the experiments carried out in TBB were compared with the values obtained from a mathematical model. Satisfactory compatibility of the calculated and experimental data was obtained. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Claire Dumas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Total solids content: a key parameter of metabolic pathways in dry anaerobic digestion.
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2013Co-Authors: Jean-charles Motte, Eric Trably, Renaud Escudie, Jérôme Hamelin, Jean-philippe Steyer, Nicolas Bernet, Jean-philippe Delgenès, Claire DumasAbstract:In solid-state anaerobic digestion (AD) bioprocesses, hydrolytic and acidogenic microbial metabolisms have not yet been clarified. Since these stages are particularly important for the establishment of the Biological Reaction, better knowledge could optimize the process performances by process parameters adjustment. This study demonstrated the effect of total solids (TS) content on microbial fermentation of wheat straw with six different TS contents ranging from wet to dry conditions (10 to 33% TS). Three groups of metabolic behaviors were distinguished based on wheat straw conversion rates with 2,200, 1,600, and 1,400 mmol.kgVS-1 of fermentative products under wet (10 and 14% TS), dry (19 to 28% TS), and highly dry (28 to 33% TS) conditions, respectively. Furthermore, both wet and dry fermentations showed acetic and butyric acid metabolisms, whereas a mainly butyric acid metabolism occurred in highly dry fermentation. Substrate conversion was reduced with no changes of the metabolic pathways until a clear limit at 28% TS content, which corresponded to the threshold value of free water content of wheat straw. This study suggested that metabolic pathways present a limit of TS content for high-solid AD.