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R Ceulemans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of Biomass Production in a poplar coppice culture over three rotations 11 years
2008Co-Authors: Najwa Al Afas, I Laureysens, Nicolas Marron, Stefan Van Dongen, R CeulemansAbstract:Abstract Short rotation coppice culture systems are characterized by a high stool and shoot density, and by rotation durations between 2 and 3 years for species showing an extremely fast growth such as poplar. With the objective to study the long-term Biomass Production evolution and dynamic of such systems, a high-density plantation with 17 poplar ( Populus ) clones belonging to six parentages was established in April 1996 and coppiced in December 1996, January 2001, and February 2004. At the end of each growing season, stool survival, shoot diameter, and the number of shoots per stool were measured. Biomass Production was estimated directly by harvesting a number of shoots or indirectly via allometric power equations. Stool survival rates differed among parentages and from year to year irrespective of number of rotations; the highest rates were for P. nigra and the lowest rates were for P. deltoides × P. nigra and P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa parentages. In the second and third rotations, the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids showed very high mortality rates. The number of shoots per stool varied among rotations and parentages, and shoot elimination was parentage specific. The number of shoots per stool increased with increasing rotation number, while they decreased from year to year within each rotation. A single general allometric equation linking shoot diameter to shoot Biomass could be used to estimate Biomass Production for most years and most clones. Exceptions were found for the year 2001 and for clone Hazendans. Biomass Production differed among parentages and among rotations. The different parentages also differed in their strategy of Biomass accumulation. Although P. nigra had the highest Biomass Production over 11 years, the parentage ranking of Biomass Production shifted over rotations. The P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids showed high Biomass Production in the first rotation, but low in the second and third rotations. Biomass Production increased from year to year within one rotation, while it decreased with rotation number. Among the parentages examined, P. nigra and P. trichocarpa were the best performing ones and the best adapted to the multiple coppice rotations.
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growth and Production of a short rotation coppice culture of poplar i clonal differences in leaf characteristics in relation to Biomass Production
2004Co-Authors: A Pellis, I Laureysens, R CeulemansAbstract:Abstract Seventeen different poplar (Populus) clones were studied during the first growing season of the second rotation of a high-density coppice culture. In August 2001, total leaf area (tLA), number of leaves and specific leaf area (SLA) were determined for 15 shoots per clone. Above-ground woody Biomass Production and leaf area index (LAI) were estimated by using allometric relationships and an up-scaling approach. Significant clonal variation was observed in LAI, Biomass Production, tLA and number of leaves per basal shoot area. Biomass Production ranged from 3 to 8 Mg ha −1 y −1 and LAI ranged from 2 to 6 m 2 m −2 . The LAI, tLA per shoot, and SLA were the most important determinants of above-ground woody Biomass Production. The Production of many small leaves was shown to give a similar Biomass Production as the Production of few but large leaves.
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Biomass Production of 17 poplar clones in a short rotation coppice culture on a waste disposal site and its relation to soil characteristics
2004Co-Authors: I Laureysens, Jan Bogaert, Ronny Blust, R CeulemansAbstract:Abstract This study describes the above ground Biomass Production of 17 poplar (Populus spp.) clones after a 4-year rotation in a short-rotation coppice culture. In addition, the link with soil characteristics was studied. In April 1996, an experimental field plantation with 10,000 cuttings ha−1 was established in Boom (province of Antwerp, Belgium) on a former waste disposal site. A randomised block design was used with three replicate plots ( 9 m ×11.5 m). At the end of the establishment year, all plants were cut back to a height of 5 cm to create a coppice culture. At the end of the fourth year after coppicing, shoot diameters of all living and dead shoots were measured, and Biomass Production was estimated with an allometric power equation. A composite soil sample was taken for all plots, and pH, organic matter, water content, bulk density, content of nutrients, minerals and heavy metals were determined. Highest Production was found for P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids Hazendans and Hoogvorst, P. trichocarpa clones Fritzi Pauley, Columbia River and Trichobel, and native P. nigra clone Wolterson with mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 8.0 and 11.4 Mg ha−1 per year. Lowest performance was observed for P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrid Boelare, P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa hybrids IBW1, IBW2 and IBW3, and P. deltoides × P. nigra hybrids Gaver and Gibecq with a mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 2.8 and 4.7 Mg ha−1. Mean dead Biomass accounted for less than 2% of total standing Biomass for all clones. Some clones exhibited a uniform Production across replicates, implying low susceptibility to soil heterogeneity; other clones showed a high inter-replicate variation. However, no cause for this inter-replicate variation was identified. A cluster analysis enabled identification of two groups of plots with significant differences in soil characteristics and in Biomass Production. But a Spearman’s rank correlation test showed only a negative correlation between Biomass Production and plant available magnesium and potassium in the soil. A principal component analysis and multiple regression could not reveal an unambiguous impact of soil either, caused by the low variance in soil characteristics, the high genotypic variation and/or the impact of non-identified (environmental) factors.
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Biomass Production of 17 poplar clones in a short rotation coppice culture on a waste disposal site and its relation to soil characteristics
2004Co-Authors: I Laureysens, Jan Bogaert, Ronny Blust, R CeulemansAbstract:This study describes the above ground Biomass Production of 17 poplar (Populus spp.) clones after a 4-year rotation in a short-rotation coppice culture. In addition, the link with soil characteristics was studied. In April 1996, an experimental field plantation with 10,000 cuttings ha-1 was established in Boom (province of Antwerp, Belgium) on a former waste disposal site. A randomised block design was used with three replicate plots (9m x 11.5 m). At the end of the establishment year, all plants were cut back to a height of 5 cm to create a coppice culture. At the end of the fourth year after coppicing, shoot diameters of all living and dead shoots were measured, and Biomass Production was estimated with an allometric power equation. A composite soil sample was taken for all plots, and pH, organic matter, water content, bulk density, content of nutrients, minerals and heavy metals were determined. Highest Production was found for P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrids Hazendans and Hoogvorst, P. trichocarpa clones Fritzi Pauley, Columbia River and Trichobel, and native P. nigra clone Wolterson with mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 8.0 and 11.4 Mg ha-1 per year. Lowest performance was observed for P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrid Boelare, P. deltoides x P. trichocarpa hybrids IBW1, IBW2 and IBW3, and P. deltoides x P. nigra hybrids Gaver and Gibecq with a mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 2.8 and 4.7 Mg ha-1. Mean dead Biomass accounted for less than 2% of total standing Biomass for all clones. Some clones exhibited a uniform Production across replicates, implying low susceptibility to soil heterogeneity; other clones showed a high inter-replicate variation. However, no cause for this interreplicate variation was identified. A cluster analysis enabled identification of two groups of plots with significant differences in soil characteristics and in Biomass Production. But a Spearman's rank correlation test showed only a negative correlation between Biomass Production and plant available magnesium and potassium in the soil. A principal component analysis and multiple regression could not reveal an unambiguous impact of soil either, caused by the low variance in soil characteristics, the high genotypic variation and/or the impact of non-identified (environmental) factors. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Biomass Production of 17 poplar clones in a short rotation coppice culture on a waste disposal site and its relation to soil characteristics
2004Co-Authors: I Laureysens, Jan Bogaert, Ronny Blust, R CeulemansAbstract:This study describes the above ground Biomass Production of 17 poplar (Populus spp.) clones after a 4-year rotation in a short-rotation coppice culture. In addition, the link with soil characteristics was studied. In April 1996, an experimental field plantation with 10,000 cuttings ha-1 was established in Boom (province of Antwerp, Belgium) on a former waste disposal site. A randomised block design was used with three replicate plots (9m x 11.5 m). At the end of the establishment year, all plants were cut back to a height of 5 cm to create a coppice culture. At the end of the fourth year after coppicing, shoot diameters of all living and dead shoots were measured, and Biomass Production was estimated with an allometric power equation. A composite soil sample was taken for all plots, and pH, organic matter, water content, bulk density, content of nutrients, minerals and heavy metals were determined. Highest Production was found for P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrids Hazendans and Hoogvorst, P. trichocarpa clones Fritzi Pauley, Columbia River and Trichobel, and native P. nigra clone Wolterson with mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 8.0 and 11.4 Mg ha-1 per year. Lowest performance was observed for P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrid Boelare, P. deltoides x P. trichocarpa hybrids IBW1, IBW2 and IBW3, and P. deltoides x P. nigra hybrids Gaver and Gibecq with a mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 2.8 and 4.7 Mg ha-1. Mean dead Biomass accounted for less than 2% of total standing Biomass for all clones. Some clones exhibited a uniform Production across replicates, implying low susceptibility to soil heterogeneity; other clones showed a high inter-replicate variation. However, no cause for this interreplicate variation was identified. A cluster analysis enabled identification of two groups of plots with significant differences in soil characteristics and in Biomass Production. But a Spearman's rank correlation test showed only a negative correlation between Biomass Production and plant available magnesium and potassium in the soil. A principal component analysis and multiple regression could not reveal an unambiguous impact of soil either, caused by the low variance in soil characteristics, the high genotypic variation and/or the impact of non-identified (environmental) factors. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
I Laureysens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of Biomass Production in a poplar coppice culture over three rotations 11 years
2008Co-Authors: Najwa Al Afas, I Laureysens, Nicolas Marron, Stefan Van Dongen, R CeulemansAbstract:Abstract Short rotation coppice culture systems are characterized by a high stool and shoot density, and by rotation durations between 2 and 3 years for species showing an extremely fast growth such as poplar. With the objective to study the long-term Biomass Production evolution and dynamic of such systems, a high-density plantation with 17 poplar ( Populus ) clones belonging to six parentages was established in April 1996 and coppiced in December 1996, January 2001, and February 2004. At the end of each growing season, stool survival, shoot diameter, and the number of shoots per stool were measured. Biomass Production was estimated directly by harvesting a number of shoots or indirectly via allometric power equations. Stool survival rates differed among parentages and from year to year irrespective of number of rotations; the highest rates were for P. nigra and the lowest rates were for P. deltoides × P. nigra and P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa parentages. In the second and third rotations, the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids showed very high mortality rates. The number of shoots per stool varied among rotations and parentages, and shoot elimination was parentage specific. The number of shoots per stool increased with increasing rotation number, while they decreased from year to year within each rotation. A single general allometric equation linking shoot diameter to shoot Biomass could be used to estimate Biomass Production for most years and most clones. Exceptions were found for the year 2001 and for clone Hazendans. Biomass Production differed among parentages and among rotations. The different parentages also differed in their strategy of Biomass accumulation. Although P. nigra had the highest Biomass Production over 11 years, the parentage ranking of Biomass Production shifted over rotations. The P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids showed high Biomass Production in the first rotation, but low in the second and third rotations. Biomass Production increased from year to year within one rotation, while it decreased with rotation number. Among the parentages examined, P. nigra and P. trichocarpa were the best performing ones and the best adapted to the multiple coppice rotations.
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growth and Production of a short rotation coppice culture of poplar i clonal differences in leaf characteristics in relation to Biomass Production
2004Co-Authors: A Pellis, I Laureysens, R CeulemansAbstract:Abstract Seventeen different poplar (Populus) clones were studied during the first growing season of the second rotation of a high-density coppice culture. In August 2001, total leaf area (tLA), number of leaves and specific leaf area (SLA) were determined for 15 shoots per clone. Above-ground woody Biomass Production and leaf area index (LAI) were estimated by using allometric relationships and an up-scaling approach. Significant clonal variation was observed in LAI, Biomass Production, tLA and number of leaves per basal shoot area. Biomass Production ranged from 3 to 8 Mg ha −1 y −1 and LAI ranged from 2 to 6 m 2 m −2 . The LAI, tLA per shoot, and SLA were the most important determinants of above-ground woody Biomass Production. The Production of many small leaves was shown to give a similar Biomass Production as the Production of few but large leaves.
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Biomass Production of 17 poplar clones in a short rotation coppice culture on a waste disposal site and its relation to soil characteristics
2004Co-Authors: I Laureysens, Jan Bogaert, Ronny Blust, R CeulemansAbstract:Abstract This study describes the above ground Biomass Production of 17 poplar (Populus spp.) clones after a 4-year rotation in a short-rotation coppice culture. In addition, the link with soil characteristics was studied. In April 1996, an experimental field plantation with 10,000 cuttings ha−1 was established in Boom (province of Antwerp, Belgium) on a former waste disposal site. A randomised block design was used with three replicate plots ( 9 m ×11.5 m). At the end of the establishment year, all plants were cut back to a height of 5 cm to create a coppice culture. At the end of the fourth year after coppicing, shoot diameters of all living and dead shoots were measured, and Biomass Production was estimated with an allometric power equation. A composite soil sample was taken for all plots, and pH, organic matter, water content, bulk density, content of nutrients, minerals and heavy metals were determined. Highest Production was found for P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids Hazendans and Hoogvorst, P. trichocarpa clones Fritzi Pauley, Columbia River and Trichobel, and native P. nigra clone Wolterson with mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 8.0 and 11.4 Mg ha−1 per year. Lowest performance was observed for P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrid Boelare, P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa hybrids IBW1, IBW2 and IBW3, and P. deltoides × P. nigra hybrids Gaver and Gibecq with a mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 2.8 and 4.7 Mg ha−1. Mean dead Biomass accounted for less than 2% of total standing Biomass for all clones. Some clones exhibited a uniform Production across replicates, implying low susceptibility to soil heterogeneity; other clones showed a high inter-replicate variation. However, no cause for this inter-replicate variation was identified. A cluster analysis enabled identification of two groups of plots with significant differences in soil characteristics and in Biomass Production. But a Spearman’s rank correlation test showed only a negative correlation between Biomass Production and plant available magnesium and potassium in the soil. A principal component analysis and multiple regression could not reveal an unambiguous impact of soil either, caused by the low variance in soil characteristics, the high genotypic variation and/or the impact of non-identified (environmental) factors.
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Biomass Production of 17 poplar clones in a short rotation coppice culture on a waste disposal site and its relation to soil characteristics
2004Co-Authors: I Laureysens, Jan Bogaert, Ronny Blust, R CeulemansAbstract:This study describes the above ground Biomass Production of 17 poplar (Populus spp.) clones after a 4-year rotation in a short-rotation coppice culture. In addition, the link with soil characteristics was studied. In April 1996, an experimental field plantation with 10,000 cuttings ha-1 was established in Boom (province of Antwerp, Belgium) on a former waste disposal site. A randomised block design was used with three replicate plots (9m x 11.5 m). At the end of the establishment year, all plants were cut back to a height of 5 cm to create a coppice culture. At the end of the fourth year after coppicing, shoot diameters of all living and dead shoots were measured, and Biomass Production was estimated with an allometric power equation. A composite soil sample was taken for all plots, and pH, organic matter, water content, bulk density, content of nutrients, minerals and heavy metals were determined. Highest Production was found for P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrids Hazendans and Hoogvorst, P. trichocarpa clones Fritzi Pauley, Columbia River and Trichobel, and native P. nigra clone Wolterson with mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 8.0 and 11.4 Mg ha-1 per year. Lowest performance was observed for P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrid Boelare, P. deltoides x P. trichocarpa hybrids IBW1, IBW2 and IBW3, and P. deltoides x P. nigra hybrids Gaver and Gibecq with a mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 2.8 and 4.7 Mg ha-1. Mean dead Biomass accounted for less than 2% of total standing Biomass for all clones. Some clones exhibited a uniform Production across replicates, implying low susceptibility to soil heterogeneity; other clones showed a high inter-replicate variation. However, no cause for this interreplicate variation was identified. A cluster analysis enabled identification of two groups of plots with significant differences in soil characteristics and in Biomass Production. But a Spearman's rank correlation test showed only a negative correlation between Biomass Production and plant available magnesium and potassium in the soil. A principal component analysis and multiple regression could not reveal an unambiguous impact of soil either, caused by the low variance in soil characteristics, the high genotypic variation and/or the impact of non-identified (environmental) factors. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Biomass Production of 17 poplar clones in a short rotation coppice culture on a waste disposal site and its relation to soil characteristics
2004Co-Authors: I Laureysens, Jan Bogaert, Ronny Blust, R CeulemansAbstract:This study describes the above ground Biomass Production of 17 poplar (Populus spp.) clones after a 4-year rotation in a short-rotation coppice culture. In addition, the link with soil characteristics was studied. In April 1996, an experimental field plantation with 10,000 cuttings ha-1 was established in Boom (province of Antwerp, Belgium) on a former waste disposal site. A randomised block design was used with three replicate plots (9m x 11.5 m). At the end of the establishment year, all plants were cut back to a height of 5 cm to create a coppice culture. At the end of the fourth year after coppicing, shoot diameters of all living and dead shoots were measured, and Biomass Production was estimated with an allometric power equation. A composite soil sample was taken for all plots, and pH, organic matter, water content, bulk density, content of nutrients, minerals and heavy metals were determined. Highest Production was found for P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrids Hazendans and Hoogvorst, P. trichocarpa clones Fritzi Pauley, Columbia River and Trichobel, and native P. nigra clone Wolterson with mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 8.0 and 11.4 Mg ha-1 per year. Lowest performance was observed for P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrid Boelare, P. deltoides x P. trichocarpa hybrids IBW1, IBW2 and IBW3, and P. deltoides x P. nigra hybrids Gaver and Gibecq with a mean annual Biomass Production ranging between 2.8 and 4.7 Mg ha-1. Mean dead Biomass accounted for less than 2% of total standing Biomass for all clones. Some clones exhibited a uniform Production across replicates, implying low susceptibility to soil heterogeneity; other clones showed a high inter-replicate variation. However, no cause for this interreplicate variation was identified. A cluster analysis enabled identification of two groups of plots with significant differences in soil characteristics and in Biomass Production. But a Spearman's rank correlation test showed only a negative correlation between Biomass Production and plant available magnesium and potassium in the soil. A principal component analysis and multiple regression could not reveal an unambiguous impact of soil either, caused by the low variance in soil characteristics, the high genotypic variation and/or the impact of non-identified (environmental) factors. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Raija Laiho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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site fertility and soil water table level affect fungal Biomass Production and community composition in boreal peatland forests
2021Co-Authors: Krista Peltoniemi, Sylwia Adamczyk, Hannu Fritze, Kari Minkkinen, Taina Pennanen, Timo Penttila, Tytti Sarjala, Raija LaihoAbstract:A substantial amount of below-ground carbon (C) is suggested to be associated with fungi, which may significantly affect the soil C balance in forested ecosystems. Ergosterol from in-growth mesh bags and litterbags was used to estimate fungal Biomass Production and community composition in drained peatland forests with differing fertility. Extramatrical mycelia (EMM) Biomass Production was generally higher in the nutrient-poor site, increased with deeper water table level and decreased along the length of the recovery time. EMM Biomass Production was of the same magnitude as in mineral-soil forests. Saprotrophic fungal Biomass Production was higher in the nutrient-rich site. Both ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungal community composition changed according to site fertility and water table level. ECM fungal community composition with different exploration types may explain the differences in fungal Biomass Production between peatland forests. Melanin-rich Hyaloscypha may indicate decreased turnover of Biomass in nutrient-rich young peatland forest. Genera Lactarius and Laccaria may be important in nutrient rich and Piloderma in the nutrient-poor conditions, respectively. Furthermore, Paxillus involutus and Cortinarius sp. may be important generalists in all sites and responsible for EMM Biomass Production during the first summer months. Saprotrophs showed a functionally more diverse fungal community in the nutrient-rich site. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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responses of phenology and Biomass Production of boreal fens to climate warming under different water table level regimes
2018Co-Authors: Paivi Makiranta, Hannu Fritze, Kari Minkkinen, Timo Penttila, Raija Laiho, Lauri Mehtatalo, Petra Strakova, Janne Sormunen, Eevastiina TuittilaAbstract:Climate change affects peatlands directly through increased air temperatures and indirectly through changes in water-table level (WL). The interactions of these two still remain poorly known. We determined experimentally the separate and interactive effects of temperature and WL regime on factors of relevance for the inputs to the carbon cycle: plant community composition, phenology, Biomass Production and shoot:root allocation in two wet boreal sedge-dominated fens, ‘southern’ at 62°Ν and ‘northern’ at 68°Ν. Warming (1.5 °C higher average daily air temperature) was induced with open-top chambers and WL drawdown (WLD; 3-7 cm on average) by shallow ditches. Total Biomass Production varied from 250 to 520 g m−2, with belowground Production comprising 25–63%. Warming was associated with minor effects on phenology and negligible effects on community composition, Biomass Production and allocation. WLD clearly affected the contribution of different plant functional types (PFTs) in the community and the Biomass they produced: shrubs benefited while forbs and mosses suffered. These responses did not depend on the warming treatment. Following WLD, aboveground Biomass Production decreased mainly due to reduced growth of mosses in the southern fen. Aboveground vascular plant Biomass Production remained unchanged but the contribution of different PFTs changed. The observed changes were also reflected in plant phenology, with different PFTs showing different responses. Belowground Production increased following WLD in the northern fen only, but an increase in the contributions of shrubs and forbs was observed in both sites, while sedge contribution decreased. Moderate warming alone seems not able to drive significant changes in plant productivity or community composition in these wet ecosystems. However, if warming is accompanied by even modest WL drawdown, changes should be expected in the relative contribution of PFTs, which could lead to profound changes in the function of fens. Consequently, hydrological scenarios are of utmost importance when estimating their future function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nicholas A Paul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Removing Constraints on the Biomass Production of Freshwater Macroalgae by Manipulating Water Exchange to Manage Nutrient Flux
2016Co-Authors: Andrew J Cole, Rocky De Nys, Nicholas A PaulAbstract:Freshwater macroalgae represent a largely overlooked group of phototrophic organisms that could play an important role within an industrial ecology context in both utilising waste nutrients and water and supplying Biomass for animal feeds and renewable chemicals and fuels. This study used water from the intensive aquaculture of freshwater fish (Barramundi) to examine how the Biomass Production rate and protein content of the freshwater macroalga Oedogonium responds to increasing the flux of nutrients and carbon, by either increasing water exchange rates or through the addition of supplementary nitrogen and CO2. Biomass Production rates were highest at low flow rates (0.1–1 vol.day 21) using raw pond water. The addition of CO2 to cultures increased Biomass Production rates by between 2 and 25 % with this effect strongest at low water exchange rates. Paradoxically, the addition of nitrogen to cultures decreased productivity, especially at low water exchange rates. The optimal culture of Oedogonium occurred at flow rates of between 0.5–1 vol.day21, where uptake rates peaked at 1.09 g.m22.day21 for nitrogen and 0.13 g.m22.day21 for phosphorous. At these flow rates Oedogonium Biomass had uptake efficiencies of 75.2 % for nitrogen and 22.1 % for phosphorous. In this study a nitrogen flux of 1.45 g.m22.day21 and a phosphorous flux of 0.6 g.m22.day21 was the minimum required to maintain the growth of Oedogonium at 16–17 g DW.m22.day21 and a crude protein content of 25%. A simple model of minimum inputs shows tha
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removing constraints on the Biomass Production of freshwater macroalgae by manipulating water exchange to manage nutrient flux
2014Co-Authors: Andrew J Cole, Rocky De Nys, Nicholas A PaulAbstract:Freshwater macroalgae represent a largely overlooked group of phototrophic organisms that could play an important role within an industrial ecology context in both utilising waste nutrients and water and supplying Biomass for animal feeds and renewable chemicals and fuels. This study used water from the intensive aquaculture of freshwater fish (Barramundi) to examine how the Biomass Production rate and protein content of the freshwater macroalga Oedogonium responds to increasing the flux of nutrients and carbon, by either increasing water exchange rates or through the addition of supplementary nitrogen and CO2. Biomass Production rates were highest at low flow rates (0.1–1 vol.day−1) using raw pond water. The addition of CO2 to cultures increased Biomass Production rates by between 2 and 25% with this effect strongest at low water exchange rates. Paradoxically, the addition of nitrogen to cultures decreased productivity, especially at low water exchange rates. The optimal culture of Oedogonium occurred at flow rates of between 0.5–1 vol.day−1, where uptake rates peaked at 1.09 g.m−2.day−1 for nitrogen and 0.13 g.m−2.day−1 for phosphorous. At these flow rates Oedogonium Biomass had uptake efficiencies of 75.2% for nitrogen and 22.1% for phosphorous. In this study a nitrogen flux of 1.45 g.m−2.day−1 and a phosphorous flux of 0.6 g.m−2.day−1 was the minimum required to maintain the growth of Oedogonium at 16–17 g DW.m−2.day−1 and a crude protein content of 25%. A simple model of minimum inputs shows that for every gram of dry weight Biomass Production (g DW.m−2.day−1), Oedogonium requires 0.09 g.m−2.day−1 of nitrogen and 0.04 g.m−2.day−1 of phosphorous to maintain growth without nutrient limitation whilst simultaneously maintaining a high-nutrient uptake rate and efficiency. As such the integrated culture of freshwater macroalgae with aquaculture for the purposes of nutrient recovery is a feasible solution for the bioremediation of wastewater and the supply of a protein resource.
Kari Minkkinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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site fertility and soil water table level affect fungal Biomass Production and community composition in boreal peatland forests
2021Co-Authors: Krista Peltoniemi, Sylwia Adamczyk, Hannu Fritze, Kari Minkkinen, Taina Pennanen, Timo Penttila, Tytti Sarjala, Raija LaihoAbstract:A substantial amount of below-ground carbon (C) is suggested to be associated with fungi, which may significantly affect the soil C balance in forested ecosystems. Ergosterol from in-growth mesh bags and litterbags was used to estimate fungal Biomass Production and community composition in drained peatland forests with differing fertility. Extramatrical mycelia (EMM) Biomass Production was generally higher in the nutrient-poor site, increased with deeper water table level and decreased along the length of the recovery time. EMM Biomass Production was of the same magnitude as in mineral-soil forests. Saprotrophic fungal Biomass Production was higher in the nutrient-rich site. Both ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungal community composition changed according to site fertility and water table level. ECM fungal community composition with different exploration types may explain the differences in fungal Biomass Production between peatland forests. Melanin-rich Hyaloscypha may indicate decreased turnover of Biomass in nutrient-rich young peatland forest. Genera Lactarius and Laccaria may be important in nutrient rich and Piloderma in the nutrient-poor conditions, respectively. Furthermore, Paxillus involutus and Cortinarius sp. may be important generalists in all sites and responsible for EMM Biomass Production during the first summer months. Saprotrophs showed a functionally more diverse fungal community in the nutrient-rich site. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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responses of phenology and Biomass Production of boreal fens to climate warming under different water table level regimes
2018Co-Authors: Paivi Makiranta, Hannu Fritze, Kari Minkkinen, Timo Penttila, Raija Laiho, Lauri Mehtatalo, Petra Strakova, Janne Sormunen, Eevastiina TuittilaAbstract:Climate change affects peatlands directly through increased air temperatures and indirectly through changes in water-table level (WL). The interactions of these two still remain poorly known. We determined experimentally the separate and interactive effects of temperature and WL regime on factors of relevance for the inputs to the carbon cycle: plant community composition, phenology, Biomass Production and shoot:root allocation in two wet boreal sedge-dominated fens, ‘southern’ at 62°Ν and ‘northern’ at 68°Ν. Warming (1.5 °C higher average daily air temperature) was induced with open-top chambers and WL drawdown (WLD; 3-7 cm on average) by shallow ditches. Total Biomass Production varied from 250 to 520 g m−2, with belowground Production comprising 25–63%. Warming was associated with minor effects on phenology and negligible effects on community composition, Biomass Production and allocation. WLD clearly affected the contribution of different plant functional types (PFTs) in the community and the Biomass they produced: shrubs benefited while forbs and mosses suffered. These responses did not depend on the warming treatment. Following WLD, aboveground Biomass Production decreased mainly due to reduced growth of mosses in the southern fen. Aboveground vascular plant Biomass Production remained unchanged but the contribution of different PFTs changed. The observed changes were also reflected in plant phenology, with different PFTs showing different responses. Belowground Production increased following WLD in the northern fen only, but an increase in the contributions of shrubs and forbs was observed in both sites, while sedge contribution decreased. Moderate warming alone seems not able to drive significant changes in plant productivity or community composition in these wet ecosystems. However, if warming is accompanied by even modest WL drawdown, changes should be expected in the relative contribution of PFTs, which could lead to profound changes in the function of fens. Consequently, hydrological scenarios are of utmost importance when estimating their future function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.