The Experts below are selected from a list of 43104 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew Welfle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
decarbonising kenya s domestic industry sectors through bioenergy an assessment of Biomass Resource potential ghg performances
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2020Co-Authors: Andrew Welfle, Salome Chingaira, Alisher KassenovAbstract:Abstract All countries are challenged with finding secure, affordable and clean energy options to drive sustainable development. Within many developing countries there is often strong reliance on traditional bioenergy from fuels such as charcoal, which is typically cheaper and readily available compared to fossil fuels. These fuels have large environmental impacts and place pressure on forests. Modern bioenergy using Resources such as agricultural wastes and residues and through growing energy crops can provide alternative low carbon renewable energy opportunities. This research applies the Biomass Resource Model to explore potential bioenergy opportunities in Kenya. Attributional LCA analyses is undertaken to evaluate the potential GHG savings that may be achieved if briquettes produced from Kenyan Biomass are used to replace fossil and traditional bioenergy fuels for household cooking and for industry. Kenyan agriculture can provide large opportunities for bioenergy - crop residues and animal wastes potentially providing up to 15.6 and 7.9 Mt (odt) by 2050. Implementing an energy crop planting strategy where 1% of available suitable lands are utilised by 2050 could produce >7 Mt of Biomass fuels, rising to >36 Mt if 5% of lands were planted. Biomass briquette fuels could provide up to 8.01 TWh bioenergy for industry by 2050 – the GHG intensity of this energy being lower than that of the fossil fuels and significantly lower than that of the traditional Biomass alternatives.
-
Decarbonising Kenya's domestic & industry Sectors through bioenergy: An assessment of Biomass Resource potential & GHG performances
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2020Co-Authors: Andrew Welfle, Salome Chingaira, Alisher KassenovAbstract:Abstract All countries are challenged with finding secure, affordable and clean energy options to drive sustainable development. Within many developing countries there is often strong reliance on traditional bioenergy from fuels such as charcoal, which is typically cheaper and readily available compared to fossil fuels. These fuels have large environmental impacts and place pressure on forests. Modern bioenergy using Resources such as agricultural wastes and residues and through growing energy crops can provide alternative low carbon renewable energy opportunities. This research applies the Biomass Resource Model to explore potential bioenergy opportunities in Kenya. Attributional LCA analyses is undertaken to evaluate the potential GHG savings that may be achieved if briquettes produced from Kenyan Biomass are used to replace fossil and traditional bioenergy fuels for household cooking and for industry. Kenyan agriculture can provide large opportunities for bioenergy - crop residues and animal wastes potentially providing up to 15.6 and 7.9 Mt (odt) by 2050. Implementing an energy crop planting strategy where 1% of available suitable lands are utilised by 2050 could produce >7 Mt of Biomass fuels, rising to >36 Mt if 5% of lands were planted. Biomass briquette fuels could provide up to 8.01 TWh bioenergy for industry by 2050 – the GHG intensity of this energy being lower than that of the fossil fuels and significantly lower than that of the traditional Biomass alternatives.
-
Evaluating the use of Biomass energy with carbon capture and storage in low emission scenarios
Environmental Research Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Naomi E. Vaughan, Andrew Welfle, Clair Gough, Sarah Mander, Emma W. Littleton, David E.h.j. Gernaat, Detlef P. Van VuurenAbstract:Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is heavily relied upon in scenarios of future emissions that are consistent with limiting global mean temperature increase to 1.5 °C or 2 °C above pre-industrial. These temperature limits are defined in the Paris Agreement in order to reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. Here, we explore the use of BECCS technologies in a reference scenario and three low emission scenarios generated by an integrated assessment model (IMAGE). Using these scenarios we investigate the feasibility of key implicit and explicit assumptions about these BECCS technologies, including Biomass Resource, land use, CO2 storage capacity and carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment rate. In these scenarios, we find that half of all global CO2 storage required by 2100 occurs in USA, Western Europe, China and India, which is compatible with current estimates of regional CO2 storage capacity. CCS deployment rates in the scenarios are very challenging compared to historical rates of fossil, renewable or nuclear technologies and are entirely dependent on stringent policy action to incentivise CCS. In the scenarios, half of the Biomass Resource is derived from agricultural and forestry residues and half from dedicated bioenergy crops grown on abandoned agricultural land and expansion into grasslands (i.e. land for forests and food production is protected). Poor governance of the sustainability of bioenergy crop production can significantly limit the amount of CO2 removed by BECCS, through soil carbon loss from direct and indirect land use change. Only one-third of the bioenergy crops are grown in regions associated with more developed governance frameworks. Overall, the scenarios in IMAGE are ambitious but consistent with current relevant literature with respect to assumed Biomass Resource, land use and CO2 storage capacity.
-
Biomass Resource Analyses & Future Bioenergy Scenarios
2015Co-Authors: Andrew WelfleAbstract:The United Kingdom has committed itself to ambitious and legally-binding Greenhouse Gas emission reduction, and renewable energy contribution targets. Energy production from Biomass is expected to play a significant role in achieving these targets. The PhD Research Project as presented in this Thesis provides an analysis of the UK?s indigenous Biomass Resources, and the potential they offer in servicing domestic bioenergy requirements. The Biomass Resource supply chain dynamics within the UK, govern the availability of these indigenous Resources. By modelling these supply chain dynamics, an assessment has been undertaken; the principle aim of which was to evaluate the potential contribution that indigenous Biomass Resources can make towards the UK?s future energy mix. This Research finds that the United Kingdom has considerable indigenous Biomass Resources that could potentially be made available, if the UK were able to develop its supply chains to appropriately mobilise these Resources. However, the specific demands and the direction of development of the UK?s future bioenergy sector, as driven by the UK Government?s current strategies and policies; demonstrate degrees of incompatibility with the forecast potential of Biomass Resource availability. The consequence of this disparity is likely to result in rising Biomass Resource imports to balance the UK?s future energy demands. Further analysis highlights the potential impacts, inherent uncertainties, and risks to the United Kingdom?s bioenergy sector; associated with trade within future global Biomass Resource markets. The concluding themes are based on analyses and discussions that indicate that the UK should implement strategies to develop its indigenous Resources, and develop its supply chains to optimise these Resources; rather than become heavily reliant on imports from the global markets.
-
Securing a bioenergy future without imports
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew Welfle, Paul Gilbert, Patricia ThornleyAbstract:The UK has legally binding renewable energy and greenhouse gas targets. Energy from Biomass is anticipated to make major contributions to these. However there are concerns about the availability and sustainability of Biomass for the bioenergy sector. A Biomass Resource Model has been developed that reflects the key Biomass supply-chain dynamics and interactions determining Resource availability, taking into account climate, food, land and other constraints. The model has been applied to the UK, developing four Biomass Resource scenarios to analyse Resource availability and energy generation potential within different contexts. The model shows that indigenous Biomass Resources and energy crops could service up to 44% of UK energy demand by 2050 without impacting food systems. The scenarios show, residues from agriculture, forestry and industry provide the most robust Resource, potentially providing up to 6.5% of primary energy demand by 2050. Waste Resources are found to potentially provide up to 15.4% and specifically grown Biomass and energy crops up to 22% of demand. The UK is therefore projected to have significant indigenous Biomass Resources to meet its targets. However the dominant Biomass Resource opportunities identified in the paper are not consistent with current UK bioenergy strategies, risking Biomass deficit despite Resource abundance. © 2014.
Patricia Thornley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Securing a bioenergy future without imports
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew Welfle, Paul Gilbert, Patricia ThornleyAbstract:The UK has legally binding renewable energy and greenhouse gas targets. Energy from Biomass is anticipated to make major contributions to these. However there are concerns about the availability and sustainability of Biomass for the bioenergy sector. A Biomass Resource Model has been developed that reflects the key Biomass supply-chain dynamics and interactions determining Resource availability, taking into account climate, food, land and other constraints. The model has been applied to the UK, developing four Biomass Resource scenarios to analyse Resource availability and energy generation potential within different contexts. The model shows that indigenous Biomass Resources and energy crops could service up to 44% of UK energy demand by 2050 without impacting food systems. The scenarios show, residues from agriculture, forestry and industry provide the most robust Resource, potentially providing up to 6.5% of primary energy demand by 2050. Waste Resources are found to potentially provide up to 15.4% and specifically grown Biomass and energy crops up to 22% of demand. The UK is therefore projected to have significant indigenous Biomass Resources to meet its targets. However the dominant Biomass Resource opportunities identified in the paper are not consistent with current UK bioenergy strategies, risking Biomass deficit despite Resource abundance. © 2014.
-
Increasing Biomass Resource availability through supply chain analysis.
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew Welfle, Paul Gilbert, Patricia ThornleyAbstract:Abstract Increased inclusion of Biomass in energy strategies all over the world means that greater mobilisation of Biomass Resources will be required to meet demand. Strategies of many EU countries assume the future use of non-EU sourced Biomass. An increasing number of studies call for the UK to consider alternative options, principally to better utilise indigenous Resources. This research identifies the indigenous Biomass Resources that demonstrate the greatest promise for the UK bioenergy sector and evaluates the extent that different supply chain drivers influence Resource availability. The analysis finds that the UK's Resources with greatest primary bioenergy potential are household wastes (>115 TWh by 2050), energy crops (>100 TWh by 2050) and agricultural residues (>80 TWh by 2050). The availability of Biomass waste Resources was found to demonstrate great promise for the bioenergy sector, although are highly susceptible to influences, most notably by the focus of adopted waste management strategies. Biomass residue Resources were found to be the Resource category least susceptible to influence, with relatively high near-term availability that is forecast to increase – therefore representing a potentially robust Resource for the bioenergy sector. The near-term availability of UK energy crops was found to be much less significant compared to other Resource categories. Energy crops represent long-term potential for the bioenergy sector, although achieving higher limits of availability will be dependent on the successful management of key influencing drivers. The research highlights that the availability of indigenous Resources is largely influenced by a few key drivers, this contradicting areas of consensus of current UK bioenergy policy.
Jae-won Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Study on the possibility of waste mushroom medium as a Biomass Resource for biorefinery
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Young-jun Seo, Jae-won LeeAbstract:Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of waste mushroom medium as a Biomass Resource for biorefinery, characteristics of hydrolysate and pretreated Biomass obtained from oxalic acid pretreatment were examined. The hydrolysate contained high glucose and low concentrations of inhibitors. The glucose concentration in the hydrolysate particularly increased when temperature gradient was used during pretreatment, compared with that of isocratic condition. The highest increase rate of glucose was 63.16% when pretreatment was performed at 140 °C for 25 min with 0.032 oxalic acid (g/g), and increased temperature to 170 °C. At the same time, ethanol production of Scheffersomyces stipitis using hydrolysate was 15.72 g/L after 48 h, which correspond to an ethanol volumetric productivity of 0.33 g L−1 h−1. Most of the lignin and some of the cellulose remained in the pretreated Biomass. The total lignin content of the pretreated Biomass, represent between 31.81 and 45.05%, compared to 28.8% of the raw material. The calorific value of the pretreated Biomass ranged from 4940 to 5111 kcal/kg which represent increase of 3–6% compared to the raw material, due to higher contents of lignin in the pretreated Biomass.
-
Evaluation of waste mushroom logs as a potential Biomass Resource for the production of bioethanol
Bioresource technology, 2007Co-Authors: Jae-won Lee, Bon-wook Koo, Joon-weon Choi, Don-ha Choi, In-gyu ChoiAbstract:Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of using waste mushroom logs as a Biomass Resource for alternative energy production, the chemical and physical characteristics of normal wood and waste mushroom logs were examined. Size reduction of normal wood (145 kW h/tone) required significantly higher energy consumption than waste mushroom logs (70 kW h/tone). The crystallinity value of waste mushroom logs was dramatically lower (33%) than normal wood (49%) after cultivation by Lentinus edodes as spawn. Lignin, an enzymatic hydrolysis inhibitor in sugar production, decreased from 21.07% to 18.78% after inoculation of L. edodes. Total sugar yields obtained by enzyme and acid hydrolysis were higher in waste mushroom logs than in normal wood. After 24 h fermentation, 12 g/L ethanol was produced on waste mushroom logs, while normal wood produced 8 g/L ethanol. These results indicate that waste mushroom logs are economically suitable lignocellulosic material for the production of fermentable sugars related to bioethanol production.
Alisher Kassenov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
decarbonising kenya s domestic industry sectors through bioenergy an assessment of Biomass Resource potential ghg performances
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2020Co-Authors: Andrew Welfle, Salome Chingaira, Alisher KassenovAbstract:Abstract All countries are challenged with finding secure, affordable and clean energy options to drive sustainable development. Within many developing countries there is often strong reliance on traditional bioenergy from fuels such as charcoal, which is typically cheaper and readily available compared to fossil fuels. These fuels have large environmental impacts and place pressure on forests. Modern bioenergy using Resources such as agricultural wastes and residues and through growing energy crops can provide alternative low carbon renewable energy opportunities. This research applies the Biomass Resource Model to explore potential bioenergy opportunities in Kenya. Attributional LCA analyses is undertaken to evaluate the potential GHG savings that may be achieved if briquettes produced from Kenyan Biomass are used to replace fossil and traditional bioenergy fuels for household cooking and for industry. Kenyan agriculture can provide large opportunities for bioenergy - crop residues and animal wastes potentially providing up to 15.6 and 7.9 Mt (odt) by 2050. Implementing an energy crop planting strategy where 1% of available suitable lands are utilised by 2050 could produce >7 Mt of Biomass fuels, rising to >36 Mt if 5% of lands were planted. Biomass briquette fuels could provide up to 8.01 TWh bioenergy for industry by 2050 – the GHG intensity of this energy being lower than that of the fossil fuels and significantly lower than that of the traditional Biomass alternatives.
-
Decarbonising Kenya's domestic & industry Sectors through bioenergy: An assessment of Biomass Resource potential & GHG performances
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2020Co-Authors: Andrew Welfle, Salome Chingaira, Alisher KassenovAbstract:Abstract All countries are challenged with finding secure, affordable and clean energy options to drive sustainable development. Within many developing countries there is often strong reliance on traditional bioenergy from fuels such as charcoal, which is typically cheaper and readily available compared to fossil fuels. These fuels have large environmental impacts and place pressure on forests. Modern bioenergy using Resources such as agricultural wastes and residues and through growing energy crops can provide alternative low carbon renewable energy opportunities. This research applies the Biomass Resource Model to explore potential bioenergy opportunities in Kenya. Attributional LCA analyses is undertaken to evaluate the potential GHG savings that may be achieved if briquettes produced from Kenyan Biomass are used to replace fossil and traditional bioenergy fuels for household cooking and for industry. Kenyan agriculture can provide large opportunities for bioenergy - crop residues and animal wastes potentially providing up to 15.6 and 7.9 Mt (odt) by 2050. Implementing an energy crop planting strategy where 1% of available suitable lands are utilised by 2050 could produce >7 Mt of Biomass fuels, rising to >36 Mt if 5% of lands were planted. Biomass briquette fuels could provide up to 8.01 TWh bioenergy for industry by 2050 – the GHG intensity of this energy being lower than that of the fossil fuels and significantly lower than that of the traditional Biomass alternatives.
In-gyu Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Evaluation of waste mushroom logs as a potential Biomass Resource for the production of bioethanol
Bioresource technology, 2007Co-Authors: Jae-won Lee, Bon-wook Koo, Joon-weon Choi, Don-ha Choi, In-gyu ChoiAbstract:Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of using waste mushroom logs as a Biomass Resource for alternative energy production, the chemical and physical characteristics of normal wood and waste mushroom logs were examined. Size reduction of normal wood (145 kW h/tone) required significantly higher energy consumption than waste mushroom logs (70 kW h/tone). The crystallinity value of waste mushroom logs was dramatically lower (33%) than normal wood (49%) after cultivation by Lentinus edodes as spawn. Lignin, an enzymatic hydrolysis inhibitor in sugar production, decreased from 21.07% to 18.78% after inoculation of L. edodes. Total sugar yields obtained by enzyme and acid hydrolysis were higher in waste mushroom logs than in normal wood. After 24 h fermentation, 12 g/L ethanol was produced on waste mushroom logs, while normal wood produced 8 g/L ethanol. These results indicate that waste mushroom logs are economically suitable lignocellulosic material for the production of fermentable sugars related to bioethanol production.