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A. G. Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does Temperature Increase induced by tableting contribute to tablet quality
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2004Co-Authors: Katharina M. Picker-freyer, A. G. SchmidtAbstract:The aim of this paper is to determine Temperature and structural changes caused by tableting and to deduce from the combination of Temperature measurement and the determination of structural changes whether Temperature Increase induced by tableting contributes to tablet quality. Tablets were produced of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), spray-dried lactose, pregelatinized starch, and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) with an instrumented single punch tableting machine. The Temperature pattern at the surface of the tablets was measured starting directly after tableting with an infrared thermoviewer and an infrared sensor. Powder and tablets were analyzed by FT-Raman spectroscopy, the tablets were analyzed directly after tableting and after one month of storage. The crushing force of the resulting tablets was determined. For all materials a Temperature Increase (TI) induced by tableting was determined with both methods used. The order of the Temperature Increase was the same for both methods used: TI (MCC)>TI (spray-dried lactose)>TI (pregelatinized starch)>TI (DCPD). The order was also identical for the crushing force of the tablets. The extent of differences in the spectra followed the same ranking. In conclusion, the Temperature Increase contributed to the changes in material structure and thus Temperature Increase is one factor which determined crushing force and thus tablet properties.
Markus F Stevens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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uniform distribution of skin Temperature Increase after different regional anesthesia techniques of the lower extremity
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Robert Werdehausen, S Braun, Henning Hermanns, Rainer Freynhagen, P Lipfert, Markus F StevensAbstract:Background and Objectives Skin-Temperature Increase is a reliable but late indicator of success during regional-anesthesia techniques. The goal of this study is to determine the distribution of skin-Temperature changes during different regional techniques. Does skin Temperature Increase in the whole area innervated by the blocked neural structures or only in certain regions within this area with the capability to react preferentially to sympathetic block (i.e., vessel-rich skin)? Although onset time may vary between different regional-anesthetic techniques, we hypothesized that the distribution of skin warming is equal. Methods Skin Temperature was assessed continuously by infrared thermography in 24 patients who received either combined femoral-nerve and sciatic-nerve block, epidural anesthesia, or spinal anesthesia. Results Apart from differences in time of onset, no differential spatial distribution of skin-Temperature changes could be detected. The earliest and greatest rise of skin Temperature occurred at the great toe (10.6°C ± 0.4°C), became smaller proximally, and was negligible above the ankles, irrespective of the type and extent of block. Videothermography revealed that cold blood flows through subcutaneous veins immediately after onset of sympathetic block and initially decreases skin Temperature (0.6°C ± 0.3°C) during onset of spinal anesthesia. Conclusion Irrespective of the applied regional-anesthetic technique, skin-Temperature changes are more pronounced distally. Thermography prevents false measurements of skin Temperature above subcutaneous veins and displays flow of cold blood as the mechanism of initial skin-Temperature drop after regional anesthesia. Measurements of skin-Temperature Increase cannot be used to evaluate the extent of analgesia or sympathetic block.
Katharina M. Picker-freyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does Temperature Increase induced by tableting contribute to tablet quality
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2004Co-Authors: Katharina M. Picker-freyer, A. G. SchmidtAbstract:The aim of this paper is to determine Temperature and structural changes caused by tableting and to deduce from the combination of Temperature measurement and the determination of structural changes whether Temperature Increase induced by tableting contributes to tablet quality. Tablets were produced of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), spray-dried lactose, pregelatinized starch, and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) with an instrumented single punch tableting machine. The Temperature pattern at the surface of the tablets was measured starting directly after tableting with an infrared thermoviewer and an infrared sensor. Powder and tablets were analyzed by FT-Raman spectroscopy, the tablets were analyzed directly after tableting and after one month of storage. The crushing force of the resulting tablets was determined. For all materials a Temperature Increase (TI) induced by tableting was determined with both methods used. The order of the Temperature Increase was the same for both methods used: TI (MCC)>TI (spray-dried lactose)>TI (pregelatinized starch)>TI (DCPD). The order was also identical for the crushing force of the tablets. The extent of differences in the spectra followed the same ranking. In conclusion, the Temperature Increase contributed to the changes in material structure and thus Temperature Increase is one factor which determined crushing force and thus tablet properties.
Christopher M. Collins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measurement of SAR-induced Temperature Increase in a phantom and in vivo with comparison to numerical simulation
Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Yeun-chul Ryu, Giuseppe Carluccio, Christopher T. Sica, Christopher M. CollinsAbstract:Purpose To compare numerically simulated and experimentally measured Temperature Increase due to specific energy absorption rate from radiofrequency fields. Methods Temperature Increase induced in both a phantom and in the human forearm when driving an adjacent circular surface coil was mapped using the proton resonance frequency shift technique of magnetic resonance thermography. The phantom and forearm were also modeled from magnetic resonance image data, and both specific energy absorption rate and Temperature change as induced by the same coil were simulated numerically. Results The simulated and measured Temperature Increase distributions were generally in good agreement for the phantom. The relative distributions for the human forearm were very similar, with the simulations giving maximum Temperature Increase about 25% higher than measured. Conclusion Although a number of parameters and uncertainties are involved, it should be possible to use numerical simulations to produce reasonably accurate and conservative estimates of Temperature distribution to ensure safety in magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 71:1923–1931, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marshall J. Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ultrasound-induced Temperature Increase in the guinea-pig fetal brain in vitro
Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 1998Co-Authors: M.m Horder, Stanley B. Barnett, Gilbert Vella, Marshall J. EdwardsAbstract:Abstract The Temperature of the brain of fetal guinea pigs was measured in vitro during exposure to an unscanned beam of pulsed ultrasound at intensity I SPTA 2.8 W/cm 2 . A mean Temperature Increase of 5.1°C recorded after 2 min of insonation confirms results of an earlier similar study. The water-bath exposure system provided enhanced cooling of superficial tissue by acoustic streaming. When the scalp was removed, the ultrasound-induced Temperature Increase was substantially reduced (by 35%) due to cooling through radiation force-induced bulk fluid streaming along the direction of propagation in the water bath. The measured Temperature Increase in guinea pig fetal brain correlated with a modified cranial thermal index.