The Experts below are selected from a list of 3444 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Chris Fields - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Close to the edge: co-authorship proximity of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine, 1991–2010, to cross-disciplinary brokers
Scientometrics, 2015Co-Authors: Chris FieldsAbstract:Between 1991 and 2010, 45 scientists were honored with Nobel prizes in Physiology or Medicine. It is shown that these 45 Nobel laureates are separated, on average, by at most 2.8 co-authorship steps from at least one cross-disciplinary broker, defined as a researcher who has published co-authored papers both in some Biomedical Discipline and in some non-Biomedical Discipline. If Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine and their immediate collaborators can be regarded as forming the intuitive “center” of the Biomedical sciences, then at least for this 20-year sample of Nobel laureates, the center of the Biomedical sciences within the co-authorship graph of all of the sciences is closer to the edges of multiple non-Biomedical Disciplines than typical Biomedical researchers are to each other.
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Close to the edge: co-authorship proximity of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine, 1991---2010, to cross-disciplinary brokers
Scientometrics, 2015Co-Authors: Chris FieldsAbstract:Between 1991 and 2010, 45 scientists were honored with Nobel prizes in Physiology or Medicine. It is shown that these 45 Nobel laureates are separated, on average, by at most 2.8 co-authorship steps from at least one cross-disciplinary broker, defined as a researcher who has published co-authored papers both in some Biomedical Discipline and in some non-Biomedical Discipline. If Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine and their immediate collaborators can be regarded as forming the intuitive "center" of the Biomedical sciences, then at least for this 20-year sample of Nobel laureates, the center of the Biomedical sciences within the co-authorship graph of all of the sciences is closer to the edges of multiple non-Biomedical Disciplines than typical Biomedical researchers are to each other.
Tamir Tuller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the steady state distribution in the homogeneous ribosome flow model
IEEE ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 2012Co-Authors: Michael Margaliot, Tamir TullerAbstract:A central biological process in all living organisms is gene translation. Developing a deeper understanding of this complex process may have ramifications to almost every Biomedical Discipline. Reuveni et al. recently proposed a new computational model of gene translation called the Ribosome Flow Model (RFM). In this paper, we consider a particular case of this model, called the Homogeneous Ribosome Flow Model (HRFM). From a biological viewpoint, this corresponds to the case where the transition rates of all the coding sequence codons are identical. This regime has been suggested recently based on experiments in mouse embryonic cells. We consider the steady-state distribution of the HRFM. We provide formulas that relate the different parameters of the model in steady state. We prove the following properties: 1) the ribosomal density profile is monotonically decreasing along the coding sequence; 2) the ribosomal density at each codon monotonically increases with the initiation rate; and 3) for a constant initiation rate, the translation rate monotonically decreases with the length of the coding sequence. In addition, we analyze the translation rate of the HRFM at the limit of very high and very low initiation rate, and provide explicit formulas for the translation rate in these two cases. We discuss the relationship between these theoretical results and biological findings on the translation process.
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Stability Analysis of the Ribosome Flow Model
IEEE ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics, 2012Co-Authors: Michael Margaliot, Tamir TullerAbstract:Gene translation is a central process in all living organisms. Developing a better understanding of this complex process may have ramifications to almost every Biomedical Discipline. Recently, Reuveni et al. proposed a new computational model of this process called the ribosome flow model (RFM). In this study, we show that the dynamical behavior of the RFM is relatively simple. There exists a unique equilibrium point e and every trajectory converges to e. Furthermore, convergence is monotone in the sense that the distance to e can never increase. This qualitative behavior is maintained for any feasible set of parameter values, suggesting that the RFM is highly robust. Our analysis is based on a contraction principle and the theory of monotone dynamical systems. These analysis tools may prove useful in studying other properties of the RFM as well as additional intracellular biological processes.
Michael Margaliot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the steady state distribution in the homogeneous ribosome flow model
IEEE ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 2012Co-Authors: Michael Margaliot, Tamir TullerAbstract:A central biological process in all living organisms is gene translation. Developing a deeper understanding of this complex process may have ramifications to almost every Biomedical Discipline. Reuveni et al. recently proposed a new computational model of gene translation called the Ribosome Flow Model (RFM). In this paper, we consider a particular case of this model, called the Homogeneous Ribosome Flow Model (HRFM). From a biological viewpoint, this corresponds to the case where the transition rates of all the coding sequence codons are identical. This regime has been suggested recently based on experiments in mouse embryonic cells. We consider the steady-state distribution of the HRFM. We provide formulas that relate the different parameters of the model in steady state. We prove the following properties: 1) the ribosomal density profile is monotonically decreasing along the coding sequence; 2) the ribosomal density at each codon monotonically increases with the initiation rate; and 3) for a constant initiation rate, the translation rate monotonically decreases with the length of the coding sequence. In addition, we analyze the translation rate of the HRFM at the limit of very high and very low initiation rate, and provide explicit formulas for the translation rate in these two cases. We discuss the relationship between these theoretical results and biological findings on the translation process.
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Stability Analysis of the Ribosome Flow Model
IEEE ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics, 2012Co-Authors: Michael Margaliot, Tamir TullerAbstract:Gene translation is a central process in all living organisms. Developing a better understanding of this complex process may have ramifications to almost every Biomedical Discipline. Recently, Reuveni et al. proposed a new computational model of this process called the ribosome flow model (RFM). In this study, we show that the dynamical behavior of the RFM is relatively simple. There exists a unique equilibrium point e and every trajectory converges to e. Furthermore, convergence is monotone in the sense that the distance to e can never increase. This qualitative behavior is maintained for any feasible set of parameter values, suggesting that the RFM is highly robust. Our analysis is based on a contraction principle and the theory of monotone dynamical systems. These analysis tools may prove useful in studying other properties of the RFM as well as additional intracellular biological processes.
Robert E. Kohler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From Medical Chemistry to Biochemistry: The Making of a Biomedical Discipline
2008Co-Authors: Robert E. KohlerAbstract:1. Introduction: On Discipline history 2. Physiological chemistry in Germany, 1840-1900 3. Physiology and British biochemists, 1890-1920 4. General biochemistry: the Cambridge school 5. European ideals and American realities, 1870-1900 6. The reform of medical education in America 7. From medical chemistry to biochemistry: the emergence of a Discipline 8. Unity in diversity: the American Society of Biological Chemists 9. The clinical connection: biochemistry as applied science 10. Chemical ideals and biochemical practice 11. Biological programs 12. Epilogue: Toward a molecular biology?
Angus Stewart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrating Sustainability within Higher Education
Practice Progress and Proficiency in Sustainability, 2014Co-Authors: Angus StewartAbstract:Many universities teach programs in sustainable energy, but should they be incorporating theories and practice of sustainability across many Disciplines? This chapter proposes the argument that institutes of higher education should be primary vehicles of change in our transition towards a sustainable future. It discusses that this can occur at the institutional and curriculum level. Two case studies are presented; integrating concepts of sustainability within a Biomedical Discipline area and assessing the impact of a College waste recycling program.
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Sustainability education, or educating sustainably?
2009Co-Authors: Angus StewartAbstract:Many universities teach programs in sustainable energy, but should they be incorporating theories and practice of sustainability across many Disciplines? The argument is proposed that institutes of higher education should be primary vehicles of change in our transition towards a sustainable future. It is discussed that this can occur at the institutional and curriculum level. Integrating concepts of sustainability within a Biomedical Discipline area is discussed with strategies exemplified to lift awareness within student groups and for teaching and support staff.”