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Jay D. Amsterdam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • short term venlafaxine v lithium monotherapy for Bipolar Type ii major depressive episodes effectiveness and mood conversion rate
    British Journal of Psychiatry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, Irene Soeller, Lorenzo Lorenzoluaces, Susan Qing Li, Robert J. Derubeis
    Abstract:

    Background Controversy exists over antidepressant use in Bipolar II depression. Aims To compare the safety and effectiveness of antidepressant v. mood stabiliser monotherapy for Bipolar Type II major depressive episodes. Method Randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, 12-week comparison of venlafaxine ( n = 65) v. lithium ( n = 64) monotherapy in adult out-patients (trial registration number [NCT00602537][1]). Results Primary outcome – venlafaxine produced a greater response rate (67.7%) v . lithium (34.4%, P <0.001). Secondary outcomes – venlafaxine produced a greater remission rate (58.5% v . 28.1%, P <0.001); greater decline in depression symptom scores over time (β = −5.32, s.e. = 1.16, χ2 = 21.19, P <0.001); greater reduction in global severity scores over time (β = −1.05, s.e. = 0.22, w2 = 22.33, P <0.001); and greater improvement in global change scores (β = −1.31, s.e. = 0.32, χ2 = 16.95, P <0.001) relative to lithium. No statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in hypomanic symptoms were observed between treatments. Conclusions These findings suggest that short-term venlafaxine monotherapy may provide effective antidepressant treatment for Bipolar II depression without a statistically significant increase in hypomanic symptoms relative to lithium. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_Type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00602537&atom=%2Fbjprcpsych%2F208%2F4%2F359.atom

  • Short-term venlafaxine v. lithium monotherapy for Bipolar Type II major depressive episodes: effectiveness and mood conversion rate
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, Lorenzo Lorenzo-luaces, Irene Soeller, Jun J. Mao, Robert J. Derubeis
    Abstract:

    Background Controversy exists over antidepressant use in Bipolar II depression. Aims To compare the safety and effectiveness of antidepressant v. mood stabiliser monotherapy for Bipolar Type II major depressive episodes. Method Randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, 12-week comparison of venlafaxine ( n = 65) v. lithium ( n = 64) monotherapy in adult out-patients (trial registration number [NCT00602537][1]). Results Primary outcome – venlafaxine produced a greater response rate (67.7%) v . lithium (34.4%, P

  • Venlafaxine monotherapy in Bipolar Type II depressed patients unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, G. Wang, Justine Shults
    Abstract:

    Amsterdam JD, Wang G, Shults J. Venlafaxine monotherapy in Bipolar Type II depressed patients unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy. Objective:  We examine the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine monotherapy in Bipolar Type II (BP II) patients with major depressive episode (MDE) who were unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy. We hypothesized that venlafaxine would be superior to lithium with a low hypomanic conversion rate. Method:  Seventeen patients who were unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy were crossed to venlafaxine monotherapy for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was within-subject change in total Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D) score over time. Secondary outcomes included the change in Young Mania Rating (YMRS) and clinical global impressions severity (CGI/S) and change (CGI/C) scores. Results:  Venlafaxine produced significantly greater reductions in HAM-D (P 

  • Comparison of fluoxetine, olanzapine, and combined fluoxetine plus olanzapine initial therapy of Bipolar Type I and Type II major depression—lack of manic induction
    Journal of affective disorders, 2005
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, Justine Shults
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective Current guidelines for the initial treatment of Bipolar Type I (BP I) and Bipolar Type II (BP II) major depressive episode (MDE) recommend avoiding the use of antidepressant drugs due to concerns over drug-induced manic switch episodes. However, recent evidence suggests that the manic switch rate during SSRI therapy of BP MDE may be lower than previously thought. This preliminary, placebo-controlled study examines the relative rates of treatment-emergent manic symptoms during fluoxetine monotherapy, olanzapine monotherapy, and combined fluoxetine plus olanzapine therapy of BP I and BP II MDE. Methods 32 BP I and 2 BP II MDE patients were randomized to receive double-blind therapy with fluoxetine monotherapy 10–30 mg daily, olanzapine monotherapy 5–20 mg daily, combined therapy with fluoxetine 10–40 mg plus olanzapine 5–15 mg daily, or placebo for up to 8 weeks. Outcome measures included the 17-item HAM-D, 17-item HAM-D “atypical” symptom profile (HAM-D 17-R), 28 item HAM-D, Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Young Mania Rating (YMR) scale. Results There were significant reductions over time in mean HAM-D 28 and MADRS ratings for all treatment groups ( p p  = ns). There was no significant increase in YMR scores over time in any treatment group. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in the mean YMR score in the fluoxetine-treated patients over time ( p  = 0.008). No patient met DSM IV criteria for a manic episode. Limitations Cohort sizes were limited and the study was not powered to detect statistical differences in efficacy or mania symptoms among treatment conditions. The dose of fluoxetine was modest and the treatment duration was limited to 8 weeks. Conclusion These observations support earlier findings of a low manic switch rate during fluoxetine monotherapy of BP I and BP II MDE, and suggest that fluoxetine may be a safe initial treatment of BP MDE alone or in combination with olanzapine.

  • Fluoxetine monotherapy of Bipolar Type II and Bipolar NOS major depression: a double-blind, placebo-substitution, continuation study.
    International clinical psychopharmacology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, Justine Shults
    Abstract:

    Current guidelines for the treatment of Bipolar Type II (BP II) major depressive episode (MDE) recommend using either mood stabilizer monotherapy or the combination of a mood stabilizer with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). These guidelines are the result of concern over SSRI-induced

Setsuo Nakao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Conductive diamond-like carbon films prepared by high power pulsed magnetron sputtering with Bipolar Type plasma based ion implantation system
    Diamond and Related Materials, 2017
    Co-Authors: Setsuo Nakao, Takashi Kimura, Taku Suyama, Kingo Azuma
    Abstract:

    Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are prepared by high power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) combined with Bipolar Type plasma based ion implantation (PBII). The microstructure, electrical and mechanical properties of the films are examined as a function of positive pulse power ( P p ) by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), four-point probe resistivity measurements and nanoindenter tests. In addition, the effect of the pulse sequence is also examined. For comparison, some samples are annealed in vacuum in the range of 200 to 400 °C. The results of resistivity measurements clearly show that electrically conductive DLC films are formed by applying Bipolar pulse voltages, and the resistivity decreases with increasing P p . The temperature is at most estimated to be 200 °C using vacuum thermo-labels. The Raman and XPS analysis reveal that sp 2 clusters increase as P p increases. However, the hardness of the conductive DLC films is kept approximately 12 GPa. The comparison of pulse sequence suggests that the microstructure and properties of the films are affected by ion bombardment effects. In the case of annealed samples, sp 2 clusters are also increased with increasing temperature. However, the annealed films are still electrically insulating and the hardness is slightly decreased with increasing temperature. From these results, it is concluded that the Bipolar pulse voltage application is effective for the formation of conductive DLC films at relatively low temperature in the HPPMS-PBII system.

  • Nitrogen implantation into diamond-like carbon films prepared by Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2013
    Co-Authors: Setsuo Nakao, Atsushi Kinomura, Tsutomu Sonoda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Different Type of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, such as electrically insulating and conductive ones are, prepared by Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation. They are implanted using 80 keV N 2 + ions at a dose of 5 × 10 16 N 2 + / cm 2 . And the changes in surface morphology and the microstructure are examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman measurements. Elementary composition of the samples is checked by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). The results of RBS measurements indicate that the areal density of N is approximately 1 × 10 17 atoms / cm 2 in the samples. The results of ERDA measurements also show that H decreases in concentration near the surface region of the films. Smooth and rough granular surfaces are observed for insulating and conductive DLC films, respectively. The results of Raman measurements reveal that the conductive DLC films are mainly composed of graphite-like structure. After N implantation, the surface morphology and the microstructure of the insulating DLC films are not changed significantly. However, for the conductive DLC films, the surfaces become smoothening due to amorphization by N implantation. In the case of the Si containing conductive DLC films, the surface smoothening effect is weakened.

  • Effects of H2 gas addition into process and H ion implantation on the microstructure of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films prepared by Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2013
    Co-Authors: Setsuo Nakao, Tetsuo Soga, Akihiro Matsumoto, Naoki Kishi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hydrogenated amorphous carbon films are deposited on Si(1 0 0) and SiO 2 glass substrates by a Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation system. The films are prepared using toluene gas at a constant flow rate of 2 sccm. The effects of H 2 gas addition during deposition on the microstructure of the films are examined by electrical conductivity measurements, Raman spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) and optical spectroscopy. In addition, H implantation is also carried out using H 2 plasma discharge. Thickness of the films is approximately 60 nm for all samples. It is found that electrical conductivity slightly increases with increasing additive H 2 flow rate. However, the conductivity drastically decreases after H implantation. Raman analysis reveals that H 2 gas addition slightly causes the film graphitization, but the H implantation does it amorphization. The results of ERDA show that the H concentration in the films slightly decreases with increasing H 2 gas addition, but increases by H implantation. In spite of H 2 gas addition, the optical band gap is not changed and kept approximately 0.7 eV. However, H implantation makes it increase up to approximately 1.0 eV.

  • Optical and Electrical Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Films Prepared by a Bipolar-Type Plasma-Based Ion Implantation
    Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Setsuo Nakao, Tsutomu Sonoda, Tetsuo Soga, Tokuhiro Asada, Naoki Kishi
    Abstract:

    Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are prepared by a Bipolar-Type plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) technique using toluene and nitrogen gases (N2), and the optical and electrical properties are examined as a function of N2 flow rate. The N concentration in the films and structural changes are also examined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the deposition rate decreases, but N concentration linearly increases with increasing N2 flow rate. Granular surfaces are observed and the grains decreases in size as N2 flow rate increases. In addition, Raman analysis suggests that aromatic ring clusters and the amorphous structure increase in amount. The optical band gap and conductivity increase with increasing N concentration up to about 11 at. %, and then decrease with further increase in N concentration.

  • Effects of working pressure on the deposition of diamond-like carbon films prepared by Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation
    Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 2009
    Co-Authors: Setsuo Nakao
    Abstract:

    Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are prepared by a Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation (PBII), and the deposition rate and the microstructure of the films are examined as a function of working pressure (P) in the range of 0.08–0.5 Pa. The positive and negative pulse voltages are fixed at +2 kV and −5 kV, respectively. The optical emission spectra on the Bipolar pulse plasma are also examined. It is found that the deposition rate is increased with increasing P. Raman analysis shows that the intensity ratio of D peak to G peak, ID/IG, suggesting the amount of graphite-like structure, is not significantly changed in this pressure range. However, ion beam analysis reveals that the density of the films is slightly decreased with increasing P, probably due to the increase of H concentration in the films. In addition, the hardness and elastic modulus of the films are also gradually decreased with increasing P. On the other hand, optical emission peaks from H, CH and C radicals are clearly observed. These peaks, especially CH radical, are increased in intensity with increasing P, indicating that the plasma density is increased. This result in the increase of the deposition rate and the results suggest that the rapid increase of CH radicals (and CH ion flux) at higher P presumably causes the slight reduction of the density and mechanical properties of DLC films due to the increase of H concentration.

Justine Shults - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Venlafaxine monotherapy in Bipolar Type II depressed patients unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, G. Wang, Justine Shults
    Abstract:

    Amsterdam JD, Wang G, Shults J. Venlafaxine monotherapy in Bipolar Type II depressed patients unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy. Objective:  We examine the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine monotherapy in Bipolar Type II (BP II) patients with major depressive episode (MDE) who were unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy. We hypothesized that venlafaxine would be superior to lithium with a low hypomanic conversion rate. Method:  Seventeen patients who were unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy were crossed to venlafaxine monotherapy for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was within-subject change in total Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D) score over time. Secondary outcomes included the change in Young Mania Rating (YMRS) and clinical global impressions severity (CGI/S) and change (CGI/C) scores. Results:  Venlafaxine produced significantly greater reductions in HAM-D (P 

  • Comparison of fluoxetine, olanzapine, and combined fluoxetine plus olanzapine initial therapy of Bipolar Type I and Type II major depression—lack of manic induction
    Journal of affective disorders, 2005
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, Justine Shults
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective Current guidelines for the initial treatment of Bipolar Type I (BP I) and Bipolar Type II (BP II) major depressive episode (MDE) recommend avoiding the use of antidepressant drugs due to concerns over drug-induced manic switch episodes. However, recent evidence suggests that the manic switch rate during SSRI therapy of BP MDE may be lower than previously thought. This preliminary, placebo-controlled study examines the relative rates of treatment-emergent manic symptoms during fluoxetine monotherapy, olanzapine monotherapy, and combined fluoxetine plus olanzapine therapy of BP I and BP II MDE. Methods 32 BP I and 2 BP II MDE patients were randomized to receive double-blind therapy with fluoxetine monotherapy 10–30 mg daily, olanzapine monotherapy 5–20 mg daily, combined therapy with fluoxetine 10–40 mg plus olanzapine 5–15 mg daily, or placebo for up to 8 weeks. Outcome measures included the 17-item HAM-D, 17-item HAM-D “atypical” symptom profile (HAM-D 17-R), 28 item HAM-D, Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Young Mania Rating (YMR) scale. Results There were significant reductions over time in mean HAM-D 28 and MADRS ratings for all treatment groups ( p p  = ns). There was no significant increase in YMR scores over time in any treatment group. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in the mean YMR score in the fluoxetine-treated patients over time ( p  = 0.008). No patient met DSM IV criteria for a manic episode. Limitations Cohort sizes were limited and the study was not powered to detect statistical differences in efficacy or mania symptoms among treatment conditions. The dose of fluoxetine was modest and the treatment duration was limited to 8 weeks. Conclusion These observations support earlier findings of a low manic switch rate during fluoxetine monotherapy of BP I and BP II MDE, and suggest that fluoxetine may be a safe initial treatment of BP MDE alone or in combination with olanzapine.

  • Fluoxetine monotherapy of Bipolar Type II and Bipolar NOS major depression: a double-blind, placebo-substitution, continuation study.
    International clinical psychopharmacology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, Justine Shults
    Abstract:

    Current guidelines for the treatment of Bipolar Type II (BP II) major depressive episode (MDE) recommend using either mood stabilizer monotherapy or the combination of a mood stabilizer with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). These guidelines are the result of concern over SSRI-induced

  • Short-term fluoxetine monotherapy for Bipolar Type II or Bipolar NOS major depression - low manic switch rate.
    Bipolar disorders, 2004
    Co-Authors: Jay D. Amsterdam, Justine Shults, David J. Brunswick, Miriam Hundert
    Abstract:

    Objectives:  Current guidelines for the initial treatment of Bipolar Type II (BP II) major depressive episode (MDE) recommend using either a mood stabilizer alone or a combination of a mood stabilizer plus a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI). This recommendation is the result of concern over antidepressant-induced manic switch episodes. However, recent evidence suggests that the manic switch rate may be low in BP II MDE during SSRI therapy. Methods:  As part of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled relapse-prevention study of fluoxetine monotherapy in BP II MDE, 37 patients received open-label fluoxetine 20 mg every day for up to 8 weeks. Outcome measures included the Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D 17) rating and the Young Mania Rating (YMR) scale. Results:  Eleven of 23 patients (48%) who completed 8 weeks of fluoxetine treatment showed a HAM-D 17 reduction of ≥50%, while 14 (38%) of all treated patients had ≥50% reduction in baseline HAM-D 17 score. Using a conservative YMR score of ≥8 to identify hypomanic symptoms, the frequency of patients with YMR score ≥8 during fluoxetine did not differ from that seen during the screen and baseline period. Only three patients (7.3%) had symptoms suggestive of hypomania, and only one patient stopped treatment because of a rapid mood swing into depression. Limitations:  Fluoxetine was given at a fixed dose of 20 mg everyday. Fluoxetine was prescribed in an open-label manner, and the sample size was limited. Conclusions:  These observations support the findings of a low manic switch rate during SSRI monotherapy of BP II MDE, and suggest that fluoxetine monotherapy may be a safe and effective initial treatment of BP II MDE.

Toshifumi Ise - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Low-voltage Bipolar-Type dc microgrid for super high quality distribution
    IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hiroaki Kakigano, Yushi Miura, Toshifumi Ise
    Abstract:

    Microgrid is one of the new conceptual power systems for smooth installation of many distributed generations (DGs). While most of the microgrids adopt ac distribution as well as conventional power systems, dc microgrids are proposed and researched for the good connection with dc output Type sources such as photovoltaic (PV) system, fuel cell, and secondary battery. Moreover, if loads in the system are supplied with dc power, the conversion losses from sources to loads are reduced compared with ac microgrid. As one of the dc microgrids, we propose “low-voltage Bipolar-Type dc microgrid,” which can supply super high quality power with three-wire dc distribution line. In this paper, one system for a residential complex is presented as an instance of the dc microgrid. In this system, each house has a cogeneration system (CGS) such as gas engine and fuel cell. The output electric power is shared among the houses, and the total power can be controlled by changing the running number of CGSs. Super capacitors are chosen as main energy storage. To confirm the fundamental characteristics and system operations, we experimented with a laboratory scale system. The results showed that the proposed system could supply high-quality power under several conditions.

M Ikeyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of deposition pressure on the properties of DLC coatings deposited by Bipolar-Type PBII&D
    Surface and Interface Analysis, 2008
    Co-Authors: Junho Choi, M Ikeyama, Setsuo Nakao, Takahisa Kato
    Abstract:

    In the present study, the effect of deposition pressure on the deposition rate and various properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were investigated. The DLC coatings were deposited on Si substrates using a Bipolar-Type plasma-based ion implantation and deposition plasma based ion implantation and deposition (PBIID) technique. The toluene was used as a source gas and the deposition pressure ranged from 0.03 to 2.0 Pa. The deposition rate of the DLC coatings increases about 12 times as the deposition pressure is changed from 0.03 to 2.0 Pa. Also, the surface roughness increases with increasing deposition pressure due to high deposition rate. The hardness and elastic modulus decrease when the deposition pressure exceed 0.7 Pa due to the remarkable growth of graphitic islands. The corrosion protection performance of the DLC coating deposited at 2.0 Pa is superior to that of the DLC coating deposited at 0.2 Pa for the same deposition time of 1 h. The high deposition pressure for the DLC coating is effective in improvement of corrosion protection properties.

  • micro scratch test of dlc films on si substrates prepared by Bipolar Type plasma based ion implantation
    Surface & Coatings Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Setsuo Nakao, S. Miyagawa, Junho Choi, Yoshiko Miyagawa, M Ikeyama
    Abstract:

    Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared on Si substrates using a variety of positively and negatively pulsed voltages ( V p and V n ), by a Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation system, and adhesion strength and toughness of the samples were examined in terms of the higher critical load ( L c2 ) and the scratch crack propagation resistance (CPRs) by a micro-scratch test. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy were also carried out to examine the microstructure of the samples. The L c2 and CPRs were increased by increasing V p and V n . TEM observation showed that a graphite-like form, such as turbostratic structure, is increased by increasing V p and V n . Raman spectra also indicated that the clustering of aromatic rings is enhanced at high V p and V n . From these results, it is suggested that the increase of the graphite-like form at high V p and V n should reduce the internal stress. In addition, it may act as a lubricant, resulting in the enhancement of the adhesion strength and the toughness of the films. The I D / I G obtained from Raman spectra measured at the different points of the pre-scratched region, the cracking region and the partial destruction region was varied, and a tentative explanation was made on the basis of a 3 stage model.

  • Effects of positively and negatively pulsed voltages on the microstructure of DLC films prepared by Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation
    Diamond and Related Materials, 2005
    Co-Authors: Setsuo Nakao, S. Miyagawa, Junho Choi, Yoshiko Miyagawa, Jondoku Kim, M Ikeyama
    Abstract:

    Abstract Diamond like carbon (DLC) films were prepared by the Bipolar-Type plasma based ion implantation, and the microstructure was examined as a function of positively and negatively pulsed voltages (Vp and Vn) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Densities of the films were obtained from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, elastic recoil detection analysis and surface profilemeter measurements. It was found that the density of the film was approximately 2.0 g/cm3 and slightly decreased with increasing Vp and Vn. TEM observation revealed that DLC films were amorphous structure and small size disordered graphite structure appeared as Vp increased. With increasing Vn, however, turbostratic structure was clearly developed. Raman spectra were fitted by 4 peaks (D1: 1190 cm− 1, D2: 1380 cm− 1, G1: around 1550 cm− 1 and G2: 1590 cm− 1). The G1 peak shifted to higher wave numbers and the intensity of G2 peak was increased with increasing Vp. In addition, the intensity ratio of D (D1 + D2) to G (G1 + G2) peaks was also increased. These results suggested that graphite structure was formed as Vp increased. With increasing Vn, on the other hand, the G1 peak did not shift so much and the intensity of G2 peak was decreased. This corresponds to the development of the turbostratic form (t-DLC). The influence of electron and ion bombardment induced by Vp and Vn on the microstructure was discussed.