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Tai-mou Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Birdsong recognition using prediction-based recurrent neural fuzzy networks
    Neurocomputing, 2007
    Co-Authors: Chia-feng Juang, Tai-mou Chen
    Abstract:

    Automatic Birdsong recognition using prediction-based singleton-type recurrent neural fuzzy networks (SRNFNs) is proposed in this paper. The recognition task consists of two stages. The first stage segments a significant portion from a Birdsong sequence and the second stage performs recognition. For Birdsong segmentation, an easy but effective segmentation approach based on time domain energy is proposed. For recognition, the linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients of each frame in a segmented Birdsong are extracted and used as features. These features are fed as inputs to SRNFN recognizers. The SRNFN is constructed by recurrent fuzzy if-then rules with fuzzy singletons in the consequences, and its recurrent aspect makes it suitable for processing patterns with temporal characteristics. In Birdsong recognition, the sample prediction technique is used, where one SRNFN is responsible for learning the temporal Birdsong relationships of only one species. The prediction error of each SRNFN is then used as a criterion for recognition. Experiments with 10 species of birds and their songs are performed, and a high recognition rate is achieved. Comparisons with a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK)-type recurrent fuzzy network (TRFN) and backpropagation neural network are also made in the experiments.

  • Birdsong recognition using prediction-based recurrent neural fuzzy networks
    Neurocomputing, 2007
    Co-Authors: Chia-feng Juang, Tai-mou Chen
    Abstract:

    Automatic Birdsong recognition using prediction-based singleton-type recurrent neural fuzzy networks (SRNFNs) is proposed in this paper. The recognition task consists of two stages. The first stage segments a significant portion from a Birdsong sequence and the second stage performs recognition. For Birdsong segmentation, an easy but effective segmentation approach based on time domain energy is proposed. For recognition, the linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients of each frame in a segmented Birdsong are extracted and used as features. These features are fed as inputs to SRNFN recognizers. The SRNFN is constructed by recurrent fuzzy if-then rules with fuzzy singletons in the consequences, and its recurrent aspect makes it suitable for processing patterns with temporal characteristics. In Birdsong recognition, the sample prediction technique is used, where one SRNFN is responsible for learning the temporal Birdsong relationships of only one species. The prediction error of each SRNFN is then used as a criterion for recognition. Experiments with 10 species of birds and their songs are performed, and a high recognition rate is achieved. Comparisons with a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK)-type recurrent fuzzy network (TRFN) and backpropagation neural network are also made in the experiments. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Timothy Q Gentner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parallels in the sequential organization of Birdsong and human speech
    Nature Communications, 2019
    Co-Authors: Tim Sainburg, Brad Theilman, Marvin Thielk, Timothy Q Gentner
    Abstract:

    Human speech possesses a rich hierarchical structure that allows for meaning to be altered by words spaced far apart in time. Conversely, the sequential structure of nonhuman communication is thought to follow non-hierarchical Markovian dynamics operating over only short distances. Here, we show that human speech and Birdsong share a similar sequential structure indicative of both hierarchical and Markovian organization. We analyze the sequential dynamics of song from multiple songbird species and speech from multiple languages by modeling the information content of signals as a function of the sequential distance between vocal elements. Across short sequence-distances, an exponential decay dominates the information in speech and Birdsong, consistent with underlying Markovian processes. At longer sequence-distances, the decay in information follows a power law, consistent with underlying hierarchical processes. Thus, the sequential organization of acoustic elements in two learned vocal communication signals (speech and Birdsong) shows functionally equivalent dynamics, governed by similar processes.By examining the organization of bird song and human speech, the authors show that the two types of communication signals have similar sequential structures, following both hierarchical and Markovian organization.

  • Parallels in the sequential organization of Birdsong and human speech
    Nature communications, 2019
    Co-Authors: Tim Sainburg, Brad Theilman, Marvin Thielk, Timothy Q Gentner
    Abstract:

    Human speech possesses a rich hierarchical structure that allows for meaning to be altered by words spaced far apart in time. Conversely, the sequential structure of nonhuman communication is thought to follow non-hierarchical Markovian dynamics operating over only short distances. Here, we show that human speech and Birdsong share a similar sequential structure indicative of both hierarchical and Markovian organization. We analyze the sequential dynamics of song from multiple songbird species and speech from multiple languages by modeling the information content of signals as a function of the sequential distance between vocal elements. Across short sequence-distances, an exponential decay dominates the information in speech and Birdsong, consistent with underlying Markovian processes. At longer sequence-distances, the decay in information follows a power law, consistent with underlying hierarchical processes. Thus, the sequential organization of acoustic elements in two learned vocal communication signals (speech and Birdsong) shows functionally equivalent dynamics, governed by similar processes.

Tetsuya Sakuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of Faint Road Traffic Noise Mixed in Birdsong on the Perceived Restorativeness and Listeners' Physiological Response: An Exploratory Study.
    International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yasushi Suko, Kaoru Saito, Norimasa Takayama, Shin'ichi Warisawa, Tetsuya Sakuma
    Abstract:

    Many studies have reported that natural sounds (e.g., Birdsong) are more restorative than urban noise. These studies have used physiological and psychological indicators, such as the skin conductance level (SCL) and the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS), to evaluate the restorative effect of natural sounds. However, the effect of faint background noise mixed with Birdsong on the restorativeness of Birdsong has not been described yet. In the current experiment, we examined whether traffic noise affects the perceived restorativeness and the physiological restorativeness of Birdsong in a low-stress condition using the SCL and the PRS. The scores of the PRS showed that Birdsong significantly increased the perceived restorativeness of the place regardless of the car noise, but no significant difference was found between these two Birdsongs. In contrast, physiologically, the Birdsong without car noise decreased the participants’ SCL significantly more than the Birdsong with car noise did. These results indicate that the SCL would be useful to detect the effect of background noise on natural sound when the noise is too low to affect the perceived restorativeness. This study highlights the importance of measuring the SCL besides assessing perceived restorativeness to describe the characteristics of restorative natural sound in future research.

Stowell Dan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • NIPS4Bplus: a richly annotated Birdsong audio dataset
    'PeerJ', 2019
    Co-Authors: Morfi Veronica, Bas Yves, Pamuła Hanna, Glotin Hervé, Stowell Dan
    Abstract:

    International audienceRecent advances in Birdsong detection and classification have approached a limit due to the lack of fully annotated recordings. In this paper, we present NIPS4Bplus, the first richly annotated Birdsong audio dataset, that is comprised of recordings containing bird vocalisations along with their active species tags plus the temporal annotations acquired for them. Statistical information about the recordings, their species specific tags and their temporal annotations are presented along with example uses. NIPS4Bplus could be used in various ecoacoustic tasks, such as training models for bird population monitoring, species classification, Birdsong vocalisation detection and classification

Jian Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of adding natural sounds to urban noises on the perceived loudness of noise and soundscape quality
    Science of The Total Environment, 2020
    Co-Authors: Joo Young Hong, Jian Kang, Zhenting Ong, Bhan Lam, Kenneth Ooi, Woonseng Gan, Jing Feng, Szetiong Tan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Introducing pleasant natural sounds to mask urban noises is an important soundscape design strategy to improve acoustic comfort. This study investigates the effects of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between natural sounds (signal) and the target noises (noise) and their temporal characteristics on the perceived loudness of noise (PLN) and overall soundscape quality (OSQ) through a laboratory experiment. Two types of urban noise sources (hydraulic breaker and traffic noises) were set to A-weighted equivalent sound pressure levels (SPL) of 55, 65, and 75 dB and then augmented with two types of natural sounds (Birdsong and stream), across a range of SNRs. Each acoustic stimulus was a combination of noise and natural sound at SNRs from −6 to 6 dB. Averaged across all cases, the subjective assessment of PLN showed that augmenting urban noise separately with the two natural sounds reduced the PLN by 17.9%, with no significant differences found between the Birdsong and stream sounds. Adding natural sounds increased the OSQ by on average 18.3% across the cases, but their effects gradually decreased as the noise level increased. The OSQ of the Birdsong and stream sounds were similar for traffic noise, whereas the stream sound was rated higher than the Birdsong for the breaker noise. The results suggest that increasing the dissimilarity in temporal structure between the target noise and natural sounds could enhance the soundscape quality. Appropriate SNRs were explored considering both PLN and OSQ. The results showed that the SNR of −6 dB was desirable when the A-weighted SPL of the noise rose to 75 dB.

  • Assessment of the masking effects of Birdsong on the road traffic noise environment
    The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yiying Hao, Jian Kang, Heinrich Wörtche
    Abstract:

    This study aims to explore how the soundscape quality of traffic noise environments can be improved by the masking effects of Birdsong in terms of four soundscape characteristics, i.e., perceived loudness, naturalness, annoyance and pleasantness. Four factors that may influence the masking effects of Birdsong (i.e., distance of the receiver from a sound source, loudness of masker, occurrence frequencies of masker, and visibility of sound sources) were examined by listening tests. The results show that the masking effects are more significant in the road traffic noise environments with lower sound levels (e.g., 19 m). Adding Birdsong can indeed increase the naturalness and pleasantness of the traffic noise environment at different distances of the receiver from a road. Naturalness, annoyance, and pleasantness, but not perceived loudness, can be altered by increasing the Birdsong loudness (i.e., from 37.5 to 52.5 dBA in this study). The pleasantness of traffic noise environments increases significantly from 2.7 to 6.7, when the occurrence of Birdsong over a period of 30 s is increased from 2 to 6 times. The visibility of the sound source also influences the masking effects, but its effect is not as significant as the effects of the three other factors.

  • Integrated effects of urban morphology on Birdsong loudness and visibility of green areas
    Landscape and Urban Planning, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yiying Hao, Jian Kang, J.d Krijnders
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study is to determine how to increase Birdsong loudness and the visibility of green areas in low-density residential areas by controlling urban morphological parameters. The spatial sound level distributions of Birdsong at 12 sites sampled from a GIS database of Assen, the Netherlands, were simulated by noise mapping techniques and calculated using a MATLAB program on spatial sound level matrices. The visibilities of green areas are analysed and calculated by Visibility Analysis Graph in Space Syntax. Correlation analyses were conducted between the obtained data on spatial sound level indices, the mean visibility and urban morphological parameters. The results show that Birdsong loudness has significant positive linear relationships with urban morphological parameters, including Building Plan Area Fraction (R2 = 0.491), Green Area Perimeters (R2 = 0.491) and Green Area Dispersion Index (R2 = 0.618), while the visibility of green area has negative linear relationships with morphological parameters, including Building Plan Area Fraction (R2 = 0.431) and Green Area Perimeters (R2 = 0.799). It has also been found that in the proximity of green areas, the visibility of green areas has a positive relationship with Birdsong loudness, whereas in most areas further from green areas, the visibility of green areas has a negative relationship with Birdsong loudness. Either increasing Birdsong loudness or enhancing visibility of the green areas by controlling urban morphological parameters is helpful for the optimisation of soundscape design with masking effects. Bird habitats and vegetation are important ecological issues to consider for the enhancement of the roles of urban morphology.

  • Birdsong As an Element of the Urban Sound Environment: A Case Study Concerning the Area of Warnemunde in Germany
    Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jiang Liu, Jian Kang, Holger Behm
    Abstract:

    Birds are common species in urban ecosystems and Birdsong is an important element of many urban sound environments. Perceptions of Birdsong loudness, based on a case study in Warnemunde, a coastal area in Germany, were analysed in terms of its role in urban sound environment, the relationships with other sounds, spatiotemporal characteristics, as well as the relationships with underlying landscape characteristics. An important and positive role of Birdsong in urban soundscape perception in the study area was recognised. The analysis of the relationships between Birdsong perception and other sounds suggested that, although birds could adjust their songs with continual urban traffic sounds, they are still sensitive to excessive sounds related to human appearance (adult voice, child voice and footstep) or human activities (construction sounds, music). The spatiotemporal patterns of perceived loudness of Birdsong suggested the adapted patterns of bird species in urban areas. Perceived loudness of Birdsong showed close relationships with the underlying landscape characteristics indicated by a series of landscape spatial pattern indices. Positive relationships were found with construction density, road density, vegetation density, as well as fragmentation status indicated by patch density, largest patch index, landscape shape index, fractal dimension and contagion.