The Experts below are selected from a list of 23445 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vahid M Nik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climate resilient interconnected infrastructure co optimization of energy systems and Urban Morphology
Applied Energy, 2021Co-Authors: A T D Perera, Kavan Javanroodi, Vahid M NikAbstract:Co-optimization of Urban Morphology and distributed energy systems is key to curb energy consumption and optimally exploit renewable energy in cities. Currently available optimization techniques focus on either buildings or energy systems, mostly neglecting the impact of their interactions, which limits the renewable energy integration and robustness of the energy infrastructure; particularly in extreme weather conditions. To move beyond the current state-of-the-art, this study proposes a novel methodology to optimize Urban energy systems as interconnected Urban infrastructures affected by Urban Morphology. A set of Urban morphologies representing twenty distinct neighborhoods is generated based on fifteen influencing parameters. The energy performance of each Urban Morphology is assessed and optimized for typical and extreme warm and cold weather datasets in three time periods from 2010 to 2039, 2040 to 2069, and 2070 to 2099 for Athens, Greece. Pareto optimization is conducted to generate an optimal energy system and Urban Morphology. The results show that a thus optimized Urban Morphology can reduce the levelized cost for energy infrastructure by up to 30%. The study reveals further that the current building form and Urban density of the modelled neighborhoods will lead to an increase in the energy demand by 10% and 27% respectively. Furthermore, extreme climate conditions will increase energy demand by 20%, which will lead to an increment in the levelized cost of energy infrastructure by 40%. Finally, it is shown that co-optimization of both Urban Morphology and energy system will guarantee climate resilience of Urban energy systems with a minimum investment.
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interactions between extreme climate and Urban Morphology investigating the evolution of extreme wind speeds from mesoscale to microscale
urban climate, 2020Co-Authors: Kavan Javanroodi, Vahid M NikAbstract:This paper investigates the interactions between Urban Morphology indicators and extreme weather variables. In this regard, variations of wind speed and air temperature at the Urban microscale are studied for three Urban morphologies by means of numerical simulations. Each Urban model contains ninety-nine calculation points at different locations and heights to assess the variations during two 24-h cycles of extreme low and high wind speeds by introducing a microscale indicator. According to the results, transforming from mesoscale to microscale can considerably dampen the magnitude of wind speed (up to 66%) and amplify the air temperature (up to 39%). Moreover, the Urban Morphology parameters (layout geometry, final height and Urban density) can change the average magnitude of wind speed (up to 23%) and air temperature (up to 16%) at microscale. For extreme low wind speeds (0.16–1.14 m/s), strong correlations exist between the mesoscale and microscale magnitude of wind speed and air temperature, while there is no significant correlation for extreme high wind speeds (12.2–14 m/s). For extreme low wind speeds, stronger buoyancy effects are observed at the Urban canopies. An easy-to-setup approach is proposed to count for microscale conditions during extreme low wind speeds in Urban climate studies.
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impacts of Urban Morphology on reducing cooling load and increasing ventilation potential in hot arid climate
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Kavan Javanroodi, Vahid M Nik, Mohammadjavad MahdavinejadAbstract:Cooling buildings in Urban areas with hot-arid climate put huge loads on the energy system. There is an increasing trend in Urban energy studies to recognize the Urban design variables and parameters associated with the energy performance of buildings. In this work, a novel approach is introduced to investigate the impacts of Urban Morphology on cooling load reduction and enhancing ventilation potential by studying a high-rise building (target building), surrounded by different Urban configurations, during six warm months of the year in Tehran at four major sections including: (1) generating 1600 Urban case studies considering three parameters (Urban Density, Urban Building Form, and Urban Pattern) and modelling the Urban Morphology of Tehran based on a technique namely “Building Modular Cells”, (2) validation study of CFD simulation of the wind flow around buildings, (3) calculating the average cooling load and wind flow at the rooftop of the target building, and (4) investigating sixteen best Urban configurations with the lowest cooling load and highest ventilation potential. Results indicate that Urban Morphology has a notable impact on the energy consumption of buildings, decreasing cooling load and increasing ventilation potential more than 10% and 15% respectively, compared to the typical cases. This work also proposes design solutions for architects and Urban designers, based on Top 100 configurations (out of 1600), for improved energy performance and better ventilation of buildings in Urban areas.
Nyuk Hien Wong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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parametric study of Urban Morphology on building solar energy potential in singapore context
urban climate, 2020Co-Authors: Kin Ho Poon, Nyuk Hien Wong, Jerome Henri Kampf, S E R Tay, T G ReindlAbstract:Abtract In 2014, the Singapore government announced plans to increase the adoption of solar power, including by integrating solar PV systems into the Urban environment. Careful planning of a neighbourhood at early design stage, which determines the overall Urban Morphology, is important for effective deployment of solar panels in Urban environment. This study performed parametric assessment to understand the relationship between Urban Morphology and the annual average irradiance on rooftop and facade in Singapore context. It also compares the correlation performance of building irradiance with the two definitions of Sky View Factor (SVF). Among the 10 selected Morphology parameters, the correlation analysis shows the correlation performances of both definitions of SVF are the strongest (r = 0.94 to 1). As obtaining the value of SVF is not simple, two multilinear regression predictive models for rooftop and facade irradiance are developed. There is a significant improvement in adjusted R2 of the rooftop irradiance model (R2 = 0.61) when comparing the R2 of other individual parameters (R2 = 0 to 0.36). It is anticipated that the results of this study 1) would be useful for Urban planners considering Urban PV integration for sustainable cities; and 2) can provide a simpler way to give a rough estimation of SVF, which is commonly used for the parametric studies related to research areas such as Urban microclimate and Urban renewable energy utilization.
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temporal variation in the impact of Urban Morphology on outdoor air temperature in the tropics a campus case study
Building and Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Shisheng Chen, Nyuk Hien WongAbstract:Abstract Due to climate change and Urbanisation, Singapore is suffering from a worsening Urban heat island effect. The rising air temperature has significantly increased the energy required for building cooling and reduced thermal comfort in the microclimate. Based on continuous field measurements obtained on the Kent Ridge Campus of the National University of Singapore, this work reveals a clear diurnal pattern of Urban morphological impact on outdoor air temperature. Seven Urban Morphology variables were extracted from a Geographical Information System map, three-dimensional model and site survey, as follows: the sky view factor, building cover ratio, ratio of height to building cover ratio, building wall area, impervious ground surface fraction, the green plot ratio and ground albedo. Sky view factor was the dominant variable in the heating interval (07:00–11:59). Building wall area and impervious ground surface fraction affected air temperature most in the exchange interval (12:00–18:59), peaking at around 15:00. Ratio of height to building cover ratio and ground albedo were positively correlated with air temperature in the exchange interval, but negative correlations were observed in the other periods. The developed models provide more accurate planning suggestions for buildings with different operating schedules. Providing sufficient shading and maximizing plant cover are suggested for Urban heat island mitigation.
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assessing the effects of Urban Morphology parameters on microclimate in singapore to control the Urban heat island effect
Sustainability, 2018Co-Authors: Nyuk Hien Wong, Marcel IgnatiusAbstract:It is important to alleviate the “heat island effect” in Urban areas, especially tropical cities. Microclimate is normally affected by the Urban Morphology parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the correlation between air temperature variations and Urban Morphology parameters in tropical cities. Field measurement was carried out to record the air temperature at 27 points within an 8 km2 Urban area continuously in Singapore for one year. Geographical information system was applied to extract the Urban Morphology parameters. Generally, the maximum and minimum air temperature spatial differences in the study area ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 °C, indicating the significant effects of Urban Morphology on the air temperatures. Based on the fitting results of created multilinear regression models, parametric study has been performed to investigate the specific effects of Urban Morphology parameters on air temperatures. This work has proposed a much more precise regression model to predict the air temperature with various Urban Morphology parameters. In addition, meaningful value of reference has been offered for Urban planners and landscape designers to effectively control the air temperature in tropical cities such as Singapore.
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study on correlation between air temperature and Urban Morphology parameters in built environment in northern china
Building and Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Shanshan Tong, Nyuk Hien Wong, Marcel Ignatius, Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Chun Liang Tan, Hiu Fung Wong, Erna TanAbstract:Abstract Air temperature in built environment is a critical indicator of both outdoor thermal comfort and space cooling or heating loads in buildings. The objective of this work is to investigate the correlation between air temperature variations in built environment and Urban Morphology in northern China. Field measurement was firstly carried out to record the air temperature at 46 points within an 8-km 2 Urban area continuously in Tianjin city, China, from January 2015 to July 2016. Weather conditions at a nearby meteorological station were also measured. A GIS model was built up to extract the Urban Morphology parameters at 46 measurement points, such as the Green Plot Ratio ( GnPR ), Sky View Factor ( SVF ), pavement area percentage ( PAVE ), building area percentage ( BDG ), etc. Using multilinear regression analysis, models were proposed to correlate air temperatures with Urban Morphology parameters and weather parameters in both summer and winter seasons. The analyzed air temperatures included daily maximum ( T max), minimum ( T min), average ( T avg), daytime average ( T avg-day) and nighttime average ( T avg-night) temperatures. Models were validated by comparing the air temperatures estimated by proposed models with the results measured on the days different from those selected for model development. Parametric study was conducted to investigate the impact of Urban Morphology parameters on air temperatures. In summer, it was found that increasing GnPR by 0.5 could reduce T min and T avg-night by 0.7 °C and 0.5 °C respectively. In winter, only T avg, T min and T avg-night were affected by Urban Morphology, and they increased with taller building height and narrower street width.
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impact of Urban Morphology on microclimate and thermal comfort in northern china
Solar Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Shanshan Tong, Nyuk Hien Wong, Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Marcel IgnatiusAbstract:Abstract This work is an experimental study focusing on the impact of Urban Morphology on the Urban heat island (UHI) intensity, microclimate conditions and thermal comfort in a newly-developed Urban area in Tianjin city, China. According to the Koppen–Geiger climate classification system, the studied area is classified as hot summer continental climate, characterized by hot and humid summers as well as cold and dry winters. Air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and wind speed at 46 points within an 8-km2 area are measured during both winter and summer seasons. Based on measured results and climatic mapping, the impacts of Urban constituents such as building, pavement, greenery and water area on UHI intensity and microclimate conditions are analyzed. Results show that UHI intensity reaches up to 4.5 °C during daytime and 5.3 °C at night in summer, and 2.6 °C during daytime and 5.0 °C at night in winter. Thermal comfort level at the measurement points is predicted using the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) model developed for the local climate. The cooling effect of trees is evident during both daytime and nighttime in summer, but negligible in winter due to the reduction of leaf area and evaporation. The presence of both greenery and water body result in an increase in RH in air. Trees tend to reduce wind speed and improve thermal comfort in winter. Radiant heat dissipated from buildings and roads is the main contributor to nighttime UHI in both summer and winter seasons. Based on research results, Urban design recommendations are proposed so as to improve outdoor thermal comfort in Urban areas located in temperate climate zone during summer and winter.
Marcel Ignatius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessing the effects of Urban Morphology parameters on microclimate in singapore to control the Urban heat island effect
Sustainability, 2018Co-Authors: Nyuk Hien Wong, Marcel IgnatiusAbstract:It is important to alleviate the “heat island effect” in Urban areas, especially tropical cities. Microclimate is normally affected by the Urban Morphology parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the correlation between air temperature variations and Urban Morphology parameters in tropical cities. Field measurement was carried out to record the air temperature at 27 points within an 8 km2 Urban area continuously in Singapore for one year. Geographical information system was applied to extract the Urban Morphology parameters. Generally, the maximum and minimum air temperature spatial differences in the study area ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 °C, indicating the significant effects of Urban Morphology on the air temperatures. Based on the fitting results of created multilinear regression models, parametric study has been performed to investigate the specific effects of Urban Morphology parameters on air temperatures. This work has proposed a much more precise regression model to predict the air temperature with various Urban Morphology parameters. In addition, meaningful value of reference has been offered for Urban planners and landscape designers to effectively control the air temperature in tropical cities such as Singapore.
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study on correlation between air temperature and Urban Morphology parameters in built environment in northern china
Building and Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Shanshan Tong, Nyuk Hien Wong, Marcel Ignatius, Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Chun Liang Tan, Hiu Fung Wong, Erna TanAbstract:Abstract Air temperature in built environment is a critical indicator of both outdoor thermal comfort and space cooling or heating loads in buildings. The objective of this work is to investigate the correlation between air temperature variations in built environment and Urban Morphology in northern China. Field measurement was firstly carried out to record the air temperature at 46 points within an 8-km 2 Urban area continuously in Tianjin city, China, from January 2015 to July 2016. Weather conditions at a nearby meteorological station were also measured. A GIS model was built up to extract the Urban Morphology parameters at 46 measurement points, such as the Green Plot Ratio ( GnPR ), Sky View Factor ( SVF ), pavement area percentage ( PAVE ), building area percentage ( BDG ), etc. Using multilinear regression analysis, models were proposed to correlate air temperatures with Urban Morphology parameters and weather parameters in both summer and winter seasons. The analyzed air temperatures included daily maximum ( T max), minimum ( T min), average ( T avg), daytime average ( T avg-day) and nighttime average ( T avg-night) temperatures. Models were validated by comparing the air temperatures estimated by proposed models with the results measured on the days different from those selected for model development. Parametric study was conducted to investigate the impact of Urban Morphology parameters on air temperatures. In summer, it was found that increasing GnPR by 0.5 could reduce T min and T avg-night by 0.7 °C and 0.5 °C respectively. In winter, only T avg, T min and T avg-night were affected by Urban Morphology, and they increased with taller building height and narrower street width.
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impact of Urban Morphology on microclimate and thermal comfort in northern china
Solar Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Shanshan Tong, Nyuk Hien Wong, Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Marcel IgnatiusAbstract:Abstract This work is an experimental study focusing on the impact of Urban Morphology on the Urban heat island (UHI) intensity, microclimate conditions and thermal comfort in a newly-developed Urban area in Tianjin city, China. According to the Koppen–Geiger climate classification system, the studied area is classified as hot summer continental climate, characterized by hot and humid summers as well as cold and dry winters. Air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and wind speed at 46 points within an 8-km2 area are measured during both winter and summer seasons. Based on measured results and climatic mapping, the impacts of Urban constituents such as building, pavement, greenery and water area on UHI intensity and microclimate conditions are analyzed. Results show that UHI intensity reaches up to 4.5 °C during daytime and 5.3 °C at night in summer, and 2.6 °C during daytime and 5.0 °C at night in winter. Thermal comfort level at the measurement points is predicted using the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) model developed for the local climate. The cooling effect of trees is evident during both daytime and nighttime in summer, but negligible in winter due to the reduction of leaf area and evaporation. The presence of both greenery and water body result in an increase in RH in air. Trees tend to reduce wind speed and improve thermal comfort in winter. Radiant heat dissipated from buildings and roads is the main contributor to nighttime UHI in both summer and winter seasons. Based on research results, Urban design recommendations are proposed so as to improve outdoor thermal comfort in Urban areas located in temperate climate zone during summer and winter.
Kavan Javanroodi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climate resilient interconnected infrastructure co optimization of energy systems and Urban Morphology
Applied Energy, 2021Co-Authors: A T D Perera, Kavan Javanroodi, Vahid M NikAbstract:Co-optimization of Urban Morphology and distributed energy systems is key to curb energy consumption and optimally exploit renewable energy in cities. Currently available optimization techniques focus on either buildings or energy systems, mostly neglecting the impact of their interactions, which limits the renewable energy integration and robustness of the energy infrastructure; particularly in extreme weather conditions. To move beyond the current state-of-the-art, this study proposes a novel methodology to optimize Urban energy systems as interconnected Urban infrastructures affected by Urban Morphology. A set of Urban morphologies representing twenty distinct neighborhoods is generated based on fifteen influencing parameters. The energy performance of each Urban Morphology is assessed and optimized for typical and extreme warm and cold weather datasets in three time periods from 2010 to 2039, 2040 to 2069, and 2070 to 2099 for Athens, Greece. Pareto optimization is conducted to generate an optimal energy system and Urban Morphology. The results show that a thus optimized Urban Morphology can reduce the levelized cost for energy infrastructure by up to 30%. The study reveals further that the current building form and Urban density of the modelled neighborhoods will lead to an increase in the energy demand by 10% and 27% respectively. Furthermore, extreme climate conditions will increase energy demand by 20%, which will lead to an increment in the levelized cost of energy infrastructure by 40%. Finally, it is shown that co-optimization of both Urban Morphology and energy system will guarantee climate resilience of Urban energy systems with a minimum investment.
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interactions between extreme climate and Urban Morphology investigating the evolution of extreme wind speeds from mesoscale to microscale
urban climate, 2020Co-Authors: Kavan Javanroodi, Vahid M NikAbstract:This paper investigates the interactions between Urban Morphology indicators and extreme weather variables. In this regard, variations of wind speed and air temperature at the Urban microscale are studied for three Urban morphologies by means of numerical simulations. Each Urban model contains ninety-nine calculation points at different locations and heights to assess the variations during two 24-h cycles of extreme low and high wind speeds by introducing a microscale indicator. According to the results, transforming from mesoscale to microscale can considerably dampen the magnitude of wind speed (up to 66%) and amplify the air temperature (up to 39%). Moreover, the Urban Morphology parameters (layout geometry, final height and Urban density) can change the average magnitude of wind speed (up to 23%) and air temperature (up to 16%) at microscale. For extreme low wind speeds (0.16–1.14 m/s), strong correlations exist between the mesoscale and microscale magnitude of wind speed and air temperature, while there is no significant correlation for extreme high wind speeds (12.2–14 m/s). For extreme low wind speeds, stronger buoyancy effects are observed at the Urban canopies. An easy-to-setup approach is proposed to count for microscale conditions during extreme low wind speeds in Urban climate studies.
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impacts of Urban Morphology on reducing cooling load and increasing ventilation potential in hot arid climate
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Kavan Javanroodi, Vahid M Nik, Mohammadjavad MahdavinejadAbstract:Cooling buildings in Urban areas with hot-arid climate put huge loads on the energy system. There is an increasing trend in Urban energy studies to recognize the Urban design variables and parameters associated with the energy performance of buildings. In this work, a novel approach is introduced to investigate the impacts of Urban Morphology on cooling load reduction and enhancing ventilation potential by studying a high-rise building (target building), surrounded by different Urban configurations, during six warm months of the year in Tehran at four major sections including: (1) generating 1600 Urban case studies considering three parameters (Urban Density, Urban Building Form, and Urban Pattern) and modelling the Urban Morphology of Tehran based on a technique namely “Building Modular Cells”, (2) validation study of CFD simulation of the wind flow around buildings, (3) calculating the average cooling load and wind flow at the rooftop of the target building, and (4) investigating sixteen best Urban configurations with the lowest cooling load and highest ventilation potential. Results indicate that Urban Morphology has a notable impact on the energy consumption of buildings, decreasing cooling load and increasing ventilation potential more than 10% and 15% respectively, compared to the typical cases. This work also proposes design solutions for architects and Urban designers, based on Top 100 configurations (out of 1600), for improved energy performance and better ventilation of buildings in Urban areas.
Jian Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of noise complaints and the associations with Urban Morphology a comparison across densities
Environmental Research, 2021Co-Authors: Huan Tong, Jian KangAbstract:This study aimed to characterise spatial-temporal distribution of noise complaints across Urban areas with different densities and to analyse the associations between Urban Morphology and noise complaints. Taking New York City as the study area, crowdsourced noise complaint and Urban Morphology datasets from the government's open data source were statistically analysed. The results suggest that between boroughs the characteristics of noise complaints are different, in terms of their spatial-temporal distribution, their relation to transport network, land use, and building Morphology. Noise complaints were clustered around the highest density area (Manhattan). The rate of noise complaints showed a year-on-year increase, peaking in autumn and spring. The rate of noise complaints is higher in areas with higher densities and roads that are 20-40 m wide, closer to road crossings, and in enclosed blocks. The relationships between noise complaints and Urban Morphology are weaker in high-density boroughs than in other boroughs.
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Relationship between Urban green spaces and other features of Urban Morphology with traffic noise distribution
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015Co-Authors: Efstathios Margaritis, Jian KangAbstract:The effect of greenery on traffic noise mitigation has been extensively studied on the level of single plants, green walls, berms and hedges, but not considering whole sample areas within the cities. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between features of Urban Morphology related to green spaces, roads or buildings and traffic noise distribution in Urban areas. The analysis was applied in eight UK cities with different historical and architectural background, following two different settlement forms (radial, linear). In each city a 30 km2 grid was defined and three different levels of approach were considered (macro-scale, meso-scale, micro-scale). The first level regarded the eight cities as single entities, while in the second one every single tile of the applied grid was investigated in two different cities. In the third level only the eight city centres were analyzed. Statistical analysis was used combined with GIS tools. In total 18 variables were constructed and tested for possible relationships with noise levels (Lden). It was found that in spite of the fact that each city has its own dynamic and form, features of Urban Morphology were related to traffic noise levels to a different extent at each scale. At the macro-scale, the green space pattern was related to the structure of the city as well as the traffic noise levels in combination with the rest of the morphological parameters. At the meso-scale, an increase in internal road connectivity contributed to higher traffic noise. Green space variables explained part of the variance in traffic prediction models. Finally, at the micro-scale, it was also proved that different areas can have the same building coverage but different noise levels. Therefore, these indexes could be profiled and used as an “a priori” tool for Urban sound planning.
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Integrated effects of Urban Morphology on birdsong loudness and visibility of green areas
Landscape and Urban Planning, 2015Co-Authors: Yiying Hao, Jian Kang, J.d KrijndersAbstract:The aim of this study is to determine how to increase birdsong loudness and the visibility of green areas in low-density residential areas by controlling Urban morphological parameters. The spatial sound level distributions of birdsong at 12 sites sampled from a GIS database of Assen, the Netherlands, were simulated by noise mapping techniques and calculated using a MATLAB program on spatial sound level matrices. The visibilities of green areas are analysed and calculated by Visibility Analysis Graph in Space Syntax. Correlation analyses were conducted between the obtained data on spatial sound level indices, the mean visibility and Urban morphological parameters. The results show that birdsong loudness has significant positive linear relationships with Urban morphological parameters, including Building Plan Area Fraction (R2 = 0.491), Green Area Perimeters (R2 = 0.491) and Green Area Dispersion Index (R2 = 0.618), while the visibility of green area has negative linear relationships with morphological parameters, including Building Plan Area Fraction (R2 = 0.431) and Green Area Perimeters (R2 = 0.799). It has also been found that in the proximity of green areas, the visibility of green areas has a positive relationship with birdsong loudness, whereas in most areas further from green areas, the visibility of green areas has a negative relationship with birdsong loudness. Either increasing birdsong loudness or enhancing visibility of the green areas by controlling Urban morphological parameters is helpful for the optimisation of soundscape design with masking effects. Bird habitats and vegetation are important ecological issues to consider for the enhancement of the roles of Urban Morphology.
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Influence of mesoscale Urban Morphology on the spatial noise attenuation of flyover aircrafts
Applied Acoustics, 2014Co-Authors: Yiying Hao, Jian KangAbstract:The influence of Urban Morphology of low-density built-up areas on spatial noise level attenuation of flyover aircrafts is investigated at a mesoscale. Six Urban morphological parameters, including Building Plan Area Fraction, Complete Aspect Ratio, Building Surface Area to Plan Area Ratio, Building Frontal Area Index, Height-to-Width Ratio, and Horizontal Distance of First-row Building to Flight Path, have been selected and developed. Effects of flight altitude and horizontal flight path distance to site, on spatial aircraft noise attenuation, are examined, considering open areas and facades. Twenty sampled sites, each of 250 m * 250 m, are considered. The results show that within 1000 m horizontal distance of flight path to a site, Urban Morphology plays an important role in open areas, especially for the buildings with high sound absorption facades, where the variance of average noise level attenuation among different sites is about 4.6 dB at 3150 Hz. The effect of flight altitude of 200–400 ft on average noise level attenuation is not significant, within about 2 dB at both 630 Hz and1600 Hz in open areas. Urban morphological parameters influence the noise attenuation more in open areas than that on facades. Spatial noise attenuation of flyover aircrafts is mainly correlated to Building Frontal Area Index and Horizontal Distance of First-row Building to Flight Path.
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effects of Urban Morphology on the traffic noise distribution through noise mapping a comparative study between uk and china
Applied Acoustics, 2011Co-Authors: Bo Wang, Jian KangAbstract:Abstract Due to the rapid Urban development and massive population increase in many eastern cities, the difference in Urban density and Morphology between typical western and eastern cities is becoming significant. This consequently makes the noise distribution in the eastern cities rather different from typical low density European cities. In this research, two representative cities with different Urban densities, Greater Manchester in the UK and Wuhan in China, were selected, which have low and high average Urban density respectively, and also have considerable differences in building form and traffic pattern. In the mean time, these two cities have similar Urban scale and traffic amount. In each city, based on the Urban morphological analyses considering Urban land-use, building and road density, and noise source distribution, a number of typical Urban areas, 500 * 500 m2 each, were sampled. A noise-mapping software package was then used to generate generic noise maps, based on existing digital vector maps for terrain and building, and traffic data obtained by on-site measurements. The comparison results show that the average and minimum noise level in Greater Manchester samples is generally higher than that in Wuhan samples, while the maximum noise level in Wuhan samples is mostly higher. By developing a Matlab program, correlations have been analysed between noise distributions and the Urban characteristics relating to Urban density, such as the road and building coverage ratio. Overall, comparisons between these two typical cities have shown significant effects of Urban Morphology on the traffic noise distribution.
