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Rebecca C M Kiekens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • responses of Black and white Skin to solar simulating radiation differences in dna photodamage infiltrating neutrophils proteolytic enzymes induced keratinocyte activation and il 10 expression
    Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Feiko Rijken, Piet L B Bruijnzeel, Huib Van Weelden, Rebecca C M Kiekens
    Abstract:

    Black Skin is more resistant to the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation than white Skin. A higher melanin content and a different melanosomal dispersion pattern in the epidermis are thought to be responsible for this. Our purpose was to compare Skin responses in Black and white Skin following exposure to solar-simulating radiation (SSR) to further investigate the photoprotective properties of Black Skin. Six volunteers of Skin phototype I–III (white) were exposed to (doses measured directly with a Waldmann UV detector device) 12,000–18,000 mJ per cm 2 (2 MED) of SSR and compared with six volunteers of Skin phototype VI (Black) exposed to 18,000 mJ per cm 2 ( 2 of SSR induced DNA damage in epidermal and dermal cells, an influx of neutrophils, active proteolytic enzymes, and diffuse keratinocyte activation. Additionally, in three of the white Skinned volunteers IL-10 positive neutrophils were found to infiltrate the epidermis. Except for DNA damage in the supra basal epidermis, none of these changes was found in Black Skinned subjects. Increased Skin pigmentation appears to be primarily responsible for the observed differences in Skin responses. Our data could provide an explanation as to why Black Skin is less susceptible to sunburn, photoaging, and Skin carcinogenesis.

  • responses of Black and white Skin to solar simulating radiation differences in dna photodamage infiltrating neutrophils proteolytic enzymes induced keratinocyte activation and il 10 expression
    Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Feiko Rijken, Piet L B Bruijnzeel, Huib Van Weelden, Rebecca C M Kiekens
    Abstract:

    Black Skin is more resistant to the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation than white Skin. A higher melanin content and a different melanosomal dispersion pattern in the epidermis are thought to be responsible for this. Our purpose was to compare Skin responses in Black and white Skin following exposure to solar-simulating radiation (SSR) to further investigate the photoprotective properties of Black Skin. Six volunteers of Skin phototype I–III (white) were exposed to (doses measured directly with a Waldmann UV detector device) 12,000–18,000 mJ per cm 2 (2 MED) of SSR and compared with six volunteers of Skin phototype VI (Black) exposed to 18,000 mJ per cm 2 ( 2 of SSR induced DNA damage in epidermal and dermal cells, an influx of neutrophils, active proteolytic enzymes, and diffuse keratinocyte activation. Additionally, in three of the white Skinned volunteers IL-10 positive neutrophils were found to infiltrate the epidermis. Except for DNA damage in the supra basal epidermis, none of these changes was found in Black Skinned subjects. Increased Skin pigmentation appears to be primarily responsible for the observed differences in Skin responses. Our data could provide an explanation as to why Black Skin is less susceptible to sunburn, photoaging, and Skin carcinogenesis.

Kaimin Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of alternative protein sources for fishmeal replacement in the diet of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides part ii effects of supplementation with methionine or taurine on growth feed utilization and health
    Amino Acids, 2021
    Co-Authors: Shixuan Zheng, Kaimin Cheng
    Abstract:

    Fishmeal has long been a staple protein feedstuff for fish, but its global shortage and high price have prompted its replacement with alternative sustainable sources. In this experiment involving largemouth bass (a carnivorous fish), a new mixture of feedstuffs (45% poultry byproduct meal, 30% soybean meal, 15% blood meal, and 10% krill shrimp meal) was added to low (14.5%) fishmeal diets along with 0.0%, 0.5% taurine, 0.5% methionine, or 0.5% taurine plus 0.5% methionine (dry matter basis). The positive control diet [65.3% fishmeal (46% crude protein on dry matter basis)] and all low-fishmeal diets contained 40% true protein and 10% lipids. There were 3 tanks per treatment group (20 fish/tank). Fish with the mean initial body weight of 16.6 g were fed to satiety twice daily. Compared with the unsupplemented low-fishmeal group, supplementing either 0.5% methionine or 0.5% methionine plus 0.5% taurine to the low-fishmeal diet improved (P < 0.05) the growth, feed utilization, retention of dietary protein and lipids, and health of largemouth bass, reduced (P < 0.05) the occurrence of Black Skin syndrome from ~ 40 to ~ 10%. Histological sections of tissues from the fish with Black Skin syndrome showed retina degeneration, liver damage, and enteritis in the intestine. Compared with methionine supplementation, supplementing 0.5% taurine alone to the low-fishmeal diet did not affect the growth or feed efficiency of fish and had less beneficial effects (P < 0.05) on ameliorating the Black Skin syndrome. These results indicated that: (a) the basal low-fishmeal diet was inadequate in methionine or taurine; and (b) dietary supplementation with methionine was an effective method to improve the growth performance, feed efficiency, and health of largemouth bass. Further studies are warranted to understand the pathogenesis of the Black Skin syndrome in largemouth bass.

  • use of alternative protein sources for fishmeal replacement in the diet of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides part i effects of poultry by product meal and soybean meal on growth feed utilization and health
    Amino Acids, 2021
    Co-Authors: Shixuan Zheng, Kaimin Cheng
    Abstract:

    Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets [containing 54, 30, 15, 10, and 5% fishmeal crude-protein (CP), dry matter (DM) basis] were prepared by replacing fishmeal with poultry by-product meal plus soybean meal to feed juvenile largemouth bass (LMB, with an initial mean body weight of 4.9 g) for 8 weeks. All diets contained 54% CP and 13% lipids. There were four tanks of fish per treatment group (15 fish/tank). The fish were fed twice daily with the same feed intake (g/fish) in all the dietary groups. Results indicated that the inclusion of 15% fishmeal protein in the diet is sufficient for LMB growth. However, some of the fish that were fed diets containing ≤ 15% fishmeal CP had Black Skin syndrome (characterized by Skin darkening and retinal degeneration, as well as intestinal and liver atrophies and structural abnormalities). The concentrations of taurine, methionine, threonine and histidine in serum were reduced (P < 0.05) in fish fed the diets containing 5, 10 and 15% fishmeal CP, compared with the 30 and 54% fishmeal CP diets. Interestingly, the concentrations of tyrosine and tryptophan in serum were higher in fish fed diets with ≤ 15% fishmeal CP than those in the 54% fishmeal CP group. These results indicated that 15% fishmeal CP in the diet containing poultry by-product meal and soybean meal was sufficient for the maximum growth and feed efficiency in LMB but inadequate for their intestinal, Skin, eye, and liver health. A reduction in dietary methionine and taurine content and the possible presence of antinutritional factors in the fishmeal replacements diets containing high inclusion levels of soybean meal may contribute to Black Skin syndrome in LMB. We recommend that the diets of juvenile LMB contain 30% fishmeal CP (DM basis).

Feiko Rijken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • responses of Black and white Skin to solar simulating radiation differences in dna photodamage infiltrating neutrophils proteolytic enzymes induced keratinocyte activation and il 10 expression
    Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Feiko Rijken, Piet L B Bruijnzeel, Huib Van Weelden, Rebecca C M Kiekens
    Abstract:

    Black Skin is more resistant to the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation than white Skin. A higher melanin content and a different melanosomal dispersion pattern in the epidermis are thought to be responsible for this. Our purpose was to compare Skin responses in Black and white Skin following exposure to solar-simulating radiation (SSR) to further investigate the photoprotective properties of Black Skin. Six volunteers of Skin phototype I–III (white) were exposed to (doses measured directly with a Waldmann UV detector device) 12,000–18,000 mJ per cm 2 (2 MED) of SSR and compared with six volunteers of Skin phototype VI (Black) exposed to 18,000 mJ per cm 2 ( 2 of SSR induced DNA damage in epidermal and dermal cells, an influx of neutrophils, active proteolytic enzymes, and diffuse keratinocyte activation. Additionally, in three of the white Skinned volunteers IL-10 positive neutrophils were found to infiltrate the epidermis. Except for DNA damage in the supra basal epidermis, none of these changes was found in Black Skinned subjects. Increased Skin pigmentation appears to be primarily responsible for the observed differences in Skin responses. Our data could provide an explanation as to why Black Skin is less susceptible to sunburn, photoaging, and Skin carcinogenesis.

  • responses of Black and white Skin to solar simulating radiation differences in dna photodamage infiltrating neutrophils proteolytic enzymes induced keratinocyte activation and il 10 expression
    Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Feiko Rijken, Piet L B Bruijnzeel, Huib Van Weelden, Rebecca C M Kiekens
    Abstract:

    Black Skin is more resistant to the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation than white Skin. A higher melanin content and a different melanosomal dispersion pattern in the epidermis are thought to be responsible for this. Our purpose was to compare Skin responses in Black and white Skin following exposure to solar-simulating radiation (SSR) to further investigate the photoprotective properties of Black Skin. Six volunteers of Skin phototype I–III (white) were exposed to (doses measured directly with a Waldmann UV detector device) 12,000–18,000 mJ per cm 2 (2 MED) of SSR and compared with six volunteers of Skin phototype VI (Black) exposed to 18,000 mJ per cm 2 ( 2 of SSR induced DNA damage in epidermal and dermal cells, an influx of neutrophils, active proteolytic enzymes, and diffuse keratinocyte activation. Additionally, in three of the white Skinned volunteers IL-10 positive neutrophils were found to infiltrate the epidermis. Except for DNA damage in the supra basal epidermis, none of these changes was found in Black Skinned subjects. Increased Skin pigmentation appears to be primarily responsible for the observed differences in Skin responses. Our data could provide an explanation as to why Black Skin is less susceptible to sunburn, photoaging, and Skin carcinogenesis.

Shixuan Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of alternative protein sources for fishmeal replacement in the diet of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides part ii effects of supplementation with methionine or taurine on growth feed utilization and health
    Amino Acids, 2021
    Co-Authors: Shixuan Zheng, Kaimin Cheng
    Abstract:

    Fishmeal has long been a staple protein feedstuff for fish, but its global shortage and high price have prompted its replacement with alternative sustainable sources. In this experiment involving largemouth bass (a carnivorous fish), a new mixture of feedstuffs (45% poultry byproduct meal, 30% soybean meal, 15% blood meal, and 10% krill shrimp meal) was added to low (14.5%) fishmeal diets along with 0.0%, 0.5% taurine, 0.5% methionine, or 0.5% taurine plus 0.5% methionine (dry matter basis). The positive control diet [65.3% fishmeal (46% crude protein on dry matter basis)] and all low-fishmeal diets contained 40% true protein and 10% lipids. There were 3 tanks per treatment group (20 fish/tank). Fish with the mean initial body weight of 16.6 g were fed to satiety twice daily. Compared with the unsupplemented low-fishmeal group, supplementing either 0.5% methionine or 0.5% methionine plus 0.5% taurine to the low-fishmeal diet improved (P < 0.05) the growth, feed utilization, retention of dietary protein and lipids, and health of largemouth bass, reduced (P < 0.05) the occurrence of Black Skin syndrome from ~ 40 to ~ 10%. Histological sections of tissues from the fish with Black Skin syndrome showed retina degeneration, liver damage, and enteritis in the intestine. Compared with methionine supplementation, supplementing 0.5% taurine alone to the low-fishmeal diet did not affect the growth or feed efficiency of fish and had less beneficial effects (P < 0.05) on ameliorating the Black Skin syndrome. These results indicated that: (a) the basal low-fishmeal diet was inadequate in methionine or taurine; and (b) dietary supplementation with methionine was an effective method to improve the growth performance, feed efficiency, and health of largemouth bass. Further studies are warranted to understand the pathogenesis of the Black Skin syndrome in largemouth bass.

  • use of alternative protein sources for fishmeal replacement in the diet of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides part i effects of poultry by product meal and soybean meal on growth feed utilization and health
    Amino Acids, 2021
    Co-Authors: Shixuan Zheng, Kaimin Cheng
    Abstract:

    Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets [containing 54, 30, 15, 10, and 5% fishmeal crude-protein (CP), dry matter (DM) basis] were prepared by replacing fishmeal with poultry by-product meal plus soybean meal to feed juvenile largemouth bass (LMB, with an initial mean body weight of 4.9 g) for 8 weeks. All diets contained 54% CP and 13% lipids. There were four tanks of fish per treatment group (15 fish/tank). The fish were fed twice daily with the same feed intake (g/fish) in all the dietary groups. Results indicated that the inclusion of 15% fishmeal protein in the diet is sufficient for LMB growth. However, some of the fish that were fed diets containing ≤ 15% fishmeal CP had Black Skin syndrome (characterized by Skin darkening and retinal degeneration, as well as intestinal and liver atrophies and structural abnormalities). The concentrations of taurine, methionine, threonine and histidine in serum were reduced (P < 0.05) in fish fed the diets containing 5, 10 and 15% fishmeal CP, compared with the 30 and 54% fishmeal CP diets. Interestingly, the concentrations of tyrosine and tryptophan in serum were higher in fish fed diets with ≤ 15% fishmeal CP than those in the 54% fishmeal CP group. These results indicated that 15% fishmeal CP in the diet containing poultry by-product meal and soybean meal was sufficient for the maximum growth and feed efficiency in LMB but inadequate for their intestinal, Skin, eye, and liver health. A reduction in dietary methionine and taurine content and the possible presence of antinutritional factors in the fishmeal replacements diets containing high inclusion levels of soybean meal may contribute to Black Skin syndrome in LMB. We recommend that the diets of juvenile LMB contain 30% fishmeal CP (DM basis).

Antony R Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • melanin distribution in human epidermis affords localized protection against dna photodamage and concurs with Skin cancer incidence difference in extreme phototypes
    The FASEB Journal, 2018
    Co-Authors: Damilola Fajuyigbe, B L Diffey, Su M Lwin, Richard Baker, Desmond J Tobin, Robert Sarkany, Antony R Young
    Abstract:

    Epidermal DNA damage, especially to the basal layer, is an established cause of keratinocyte cancers (KCs). Large differences in KC incidence (20- to 60-fold) between white and Black populations are largely attributable to epidermal melanin photoprotection in the latter. The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is the most mutagenic DNA photolesion; however, most studies suggest that melanin photoprotection against CPD is modest and cannot explain the considerable Skin color-based differences in KC incidence. Along with melanin quantity, solar-simulated radiation-induced CPD assessed immediately postexposure in the overall epidermis and within 3 epidermal zones was compared in Black West Africans and fair Europeans. Melanin in Black Skin protected against CPD by 8.0-fold in the overall epidermis and by 59.0-, 16.5-, and 5.0-fold in the basal, middle, and upper epidermis, respectively. Protection was related to the distribution of melanin, which was most concentrated in the basal layer of Black Skin. These results may explain, at least in part, the considerable Skin color differences in KC incidence. These data suggest that a DNA protection factor of at least 60 is necessary in sunscreens to reduce white Skin KC incidence to a level that is comparable with that of Black Skin.-Fajuyigbe, D., Lwin, S. M., Diffey, B. L., Baker, R., Tobin, D. J., Sarkany, R. P. E., Young, A. R. Melanin distribution in human epidermis affords localized protection against DNA photodamage and concurs with Skin cancer incidence difference in extreme phototypes.