Blackbody

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Jinghui Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Temperature Control of Blackbody Radiation Source Based on IMC-PID
    2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2019
    Co-Authors: Lei Shao, Zhigang Wang, Jinghui Wang, Xue Yang
    Abstract:

    With the rapid development of radiation temperature measurement technology in recent decades, Blackbody radiation source plays an increasingly important role in the field of temperature measurement. A large number of experimental data show that not only it has the characteristic of typical nonlinearity, but also the system has time delay and large inertia in the process of heating and cooling. In industry, most Blackbody radiation source temperature control adopts traditional PID control method, but because of its large overshoot and long adjustment time, the temperature control efficiency is greatly reduced. In this paper, IMC-PID is introduced to improve the dynamic performance of Blackbody radiation source. Firstly, both the internal working principle of Blackbody radiation source and the establishment process of its internal mathematical model are described. Then the control principle and method of IMCPID is established in this system. Finally, MATLAB/SIMULINK platform is used to compare the conventional PID algorithm with IMC-PID algorithm. The simulation results show that IMC-PID shortens plant stable times and it is without overshoot. what's more, the results also indicated that the control method of IMC-PID improves the dynamic performance of the system and has a strong prospect for practical application.

  • The Temperature Control of Blackbody Radiation Source Based on ADRC
    2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhigang Wang, Lingling Wang, Jinghui Wang
    Abstract:

    Blackbody radiation source is used as a standard device for infrared thermometer, it plays increasingly important roles in the field of calibration. Through experiment discoveries that it is a typical nonlinear system and has a large transport delay when the Blackbody is rise temperature or cooling in order to reach set temperature points. Based on the temperature control of Blackbody is a kind of typical multi-variable, strong coupling and time-varying nonlinear control system. The paper proposes applying the theory of active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) to suppress various disturbances and improve the dynamic performance of Blackbody radiation source. First of all, describing the working principle of Blackbody radiation source and building its mathematical model. Secondly, introducing the control method of ADRC, which is applied to the temperature control system of Blackbody radiation source. Finally, through MATLAB/SIMULINK platform to simulate and compare the temperature control performances of Blackbody among ADRC, PID and Smith predictor(SP) control strategies. The simulation results show that proposed ADRC algorithm improves the abilities of anti-interference of system and it is without overshoot. In addition, the results also indicated that the control method of ADRC shortens plant stable time and has a strong prospect for practical applications.

  • Temperature Control Based on Fuzzy-PID Algorithm for the Blackbody Radiation Source
    2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhigang Wang, Lingling Wang, Jinghui Wang
    Abstract:

    Blackbody radiation source is a key equipment in the traceability process of temperature measurement. In infrared temperature measurement, stable and consistent temperature control of the Blackbody radiation sources is required. And in the process of calibration, it is a key element that a Blackbody radiation source can produce a fixed temperature. Effective control of its temperature is, therefore, crucial. Due to the change of parameters and the uncertainty of loads, the performance requirements for conventional Proportional, Integral and Differential (PID) controller are high. But the control effect of the conventional PID controller on the temperature control system is not perfect. So the Fuzzy-PID control algorithm is simulated with software for the temperature control system of the Blackbody radiation source in this paper. Compared with the conventional PID control algorithm, the Fuzzy-PID control has advantages of quicker response, smaller overshoot and more stable performance. It is of a certain reference value to improve the temperature control performances in the actual industrial production applications.

Zhigang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Temperature Control of Blackbody Radiation Source Based on IMC-PID
    2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2019
    Co-Authors: Lei Shao, Zhigang Wang, Jinghui Wang, Xue Yang
    Abstract:

    With the rapid development of radiation temperature measurement technology in recent decades, Blackbody radiation source plays an increasingly important role in the field of temperature measurement. A large number of experimental data show that not only it has the characteristic of typical nonlinearity, but also the system has time delay and large inertia in the process of heating and cooling. In industry, most Blackbody radiation source temperature control adopts traditional PID control method, but because of its large overshoot and long adjustment time, the temperature control efficiency is greatly reduced. In this paper, IMC-PID is introduced to improve the dynamic performance of Blackbody radiation source. Firstly, both the internal working principle of Blackbody radiation source and the establishment process of its internal mathematical model are described. Then the control principle and method of IMCPID is established in this system. Finally, MATLAB/SIMULINK platform is used to compare the conventional PID algorithm with IMC-PID algorithm. The simulation results show that IMC-PID shortens plant stable times and it is without overshoot. what's more, the results also indicated that the control method of IMC-PID improves the dynamic performance of the system and has a strong prospect for practical application.

  • The Temperature Control of Blackbody Radiation Source Based on ADRC
    2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhigang Wang, Lingling Wang, Jinghui Wang
    Abstract:

    Blackbody radiation source is used as a standard device for infrared thermometer, it plays increasingly important roles in the field of calibration. Through experiment discoveries that it is a typical nonlinear system and has a large transport delay when the Blackbody is rise temperature or cooling in order to reach set temperature points. Based on the temperature control of Blackbody is a kind of typical multi-variable, strong coupling and time-varying nonlinear control system. The paper proposes applying the theory of active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) to suppress various disturbances and improve the dynamic performance of Blackbody radiation source. First of all, describing the working principle of Blackbody radiation source and building its mathematical model. Secondly, introducing the control method of ADRC, which is applied to the temperature control system of Blackbody radiation source. Finally, through MATLAB/SIMULINK platform to simulate and compare the temperature control performances of Blackbody among ADRC, PID and Smith predictor(SP) control strategies. The simulation results show that proposed ADRC algorithm improves the abilities of anti-interference of system and it is without overshoot. In addition, the results also indicated that the control method of ADRC shortens plant stable time and has a strong prospect for practical applications.

  • Temperature Control Based on Fuzzy-PID Algorithm for the Blackbody Radiation Source
    2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhigang Wang, Lingling Wang, Jinghui Wang
    Abstract:

    Blackbody radiation source is a key equipment in the traceability process of temperature measurement. In infrared temperature measurement, stable and consistent temperature control of the Blackbody radiation sources is required. And in the process of calibration, it is a key element that a Blackbody radiation source can produce a fixed temperature. Effective control of its temperature is, therefore, crucial. Due to the change of parameters and the uncertainty of loads, the performance requirements for conventional Proportional, Integral and Differential (PID) controller are high. But the control effect of the conventional PID controller on the temperature control system is not perfect. So the Fuzzy-PID control algorithm is simulated with software for the temperature control system of the Blackbody radiation source in this paper. Compared with the conventional PID control algorithm, the Fuzzy-PID control has advantages of quicker response, smaller overshoot and more stable performance. It is of a certain reference value to improve the temperature control performances in the actual industrial production applications.

  • Temperature control based on a single neuron PID algorithm for a Blackbody radiation source
    2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2017
    Co-Authors: Zhigang Wang, Xiuli Li, Xiaofeng Lu
    Abstract:

    Blackbody radiation sources used in infrared temperature measurement require stable and consistent temperature control. A Blackbody radiation source can produce a fixed temperature, which makes it the key element in the process of calibration. Effective control of its temperature is, therefore, crucial. In this study, a comparison is made between conventional PID control and a single neuron PID algorithm for temperature control of a Blackbody radiation source. The single neuron PID control algorithm simulated in MATLAB demonstrates its feasibility and improved control performance over the conventional PID algorithm, with advantages of small overshoot, high precision, and strong anti-interference benefits, making it a strong prospect for practical applications.

Lingling Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Temperature Control of Blackbody Radiation Source Based on ADRC
    2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhigang Wang, Lingling Wang, Jinghui Wang
    Abstract:

    Blackbody radiation source is used as a standard device for infrared thermometer, it plays increasingly important roles in the field of calibration. Through experiment discoveries that it is a typical nonlinear system and has a large transport delay when the Blackbody is rise temperature or cooling in order to reach set temperature points. Based on the temperature control of Blackbody is a kind of typical multi-variable, strong coupling and time-varying nonlinear control system. The paper proposes applying the theory of active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) to suppress various disturbances and improve the dynamic performance of Blackbody radiation source. First of all, describing the working principle of Blackbody radiation source and building its mathematical model. Secondly, introducing the control method of ADRC, which is applied to the temperature control system of Blackbody radiation source. Finally, through MATLAB/SIMULINK platform to simulate and compare the temperature control performances of Blackbody among ADRC, PID and Smith predictor(SP) control strategies. The simulation results show that proposed ADRC algorithm improves the abilities of anti-interference of system and it is without overshoot. In addition, the results also indicated that the control method of ADRC shortens plant stable time and has a strong prospect for practical applications.

  • Temperature Control Based on Fuzzy-PID Algorithm for the Blackbody Radiation Source
    2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhigang Wang, Lingling Wang, Jinghui Wang
    Abstract:

    Blackbody radiation source is a key equipment in the traceability process of temperature measurement. In infrared temperature measurement, stable and consistent temperature control of the Blackbody radiation sources is required. And in the process of calibration, it is a key element that a Blackbody radiation source can produce a fixed temperature. Effective control of its temperature is, therefore, crucial. Due to the change of parameters and the uncertainty of loads, the performance requirements for conventional Proportional, Integral and Differential (PID) controller are high. But the control effect of the conventional PID controller on the temperature control system is not perfect. So the Fuzzy-PID control algorithm is simulated with software for the temperature control system of the Blackbody radiation source in this paper. Compared with the conventional PID control algorithm, the Fuzzy-PID control has advantages of quicker response, smaller overshoot and more stable performance. It is of a certain reference value to improve the temperature control performances in the actual industrial production applications.

Xue Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Temperature Control of Blackbody Radiation Source Based on IMC-PID
    2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2019
    Co-Authors: Lei Shao, Zhigang Wang, Jinghui Wang, Xue Yang
    Abstract:

    With the rapid development of radiation temperature measurement technology in recent decades, Blackbody radiation source plays an increasingly important role in the field of temperature measurement. A large number of experimental data show that not only it has the characteristic of typical nonlinearity, but also the system has time delay and large inertia in the process of heating and cooling. In industry, most Blackbody radiation source temperature control adopts traditional PID control method, but because of its large overshoot and long adjustment time, the temperature control efficiency is greatly reduced. In this paper, IMC-PID is introduced to improve the dynamic performance of Blackbody radiation source. Firstly, both the internal working principle of Blackbody radiation source and the establishment process of its internal mathematical model are described. Then the control principle and method of IMCPID is established in this system. Finally, MATLAB/SIMULINK platform is used to compare the conventional PID algorithm with IMC-PID algorithm. The simulation results show that IMC-PID shortens plant stable times and it is without overshoot. what's more, the results also indicated that the control method of IMC-PID improves the dynamic performance of the system and has a strong prospect for practical application.

David K. Walker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Electromagnetic Design and Performance of a Conical Microwave Blackbody Target for Radiometer Calibration
    IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2017
    Co-Authors: Derek A. Houtz, Dazhen Gu, David K. Walker, William Emery, Karl Jacob, Axel Murk, Richard J. Wylde
    Abstract:

    A conical cavity has been designed and fabricated for use as a broadband passive microwave calibration source, or Blackbody, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Blackbody will be used as a national primary standard for brightness temperature and will allow for the prelaunch calibration of spaceborne radiometers and calibration of ground-based systems to provide traceability among radiometric data. The conical geometry provides performance independent of polarization, minimizing reflections, and standing waves, thus having a high microwave emissivity. The conical Blackbody has advantages over typical pyramidal array geometries, including reduced temperature gradients and excellent broadband electromagnetic performance over more than a frequency decade. The Blackbody is designed for use between 18 and 230 GHz, at temperatures between 80 and 350 K, and is vacuum compatible. To approximate theoretical Blackbody behavior, the design maximizes emissivity and thus minimizes reflectivity. A newly developed microwave absorber is demonstrated that uses cryogenically compatible, thermally conductive two-part epoxy with magnetic carbonyl iron (CBI) powder loading. We measured the complex permittivity and permeability properties for different CBI-loading percentages; the conical absorber is then designed and optimized with geometric optics and finite-element modeling, and finally, the reflectivity of the resulting fabricated structure is measured. We demonstrated normal incidence reflectivity considerably below -40 dB at all relevant remote sensing frequencies.

  • Application of Coherence Theory to Modeling of Blackbody Radiation at Close Range
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2015
    Co-Authors: Dazhen Gu, David K. Walker
    Abstract:

    We apply coherence-propagation theory to model the radiation generated by a planar passive thermal source of any state of coherence. Of our particular interest is the Blackbody calibration source with partially coherent characteristic that produces the radiant intensity with its angular distribution following Lambert's cosine law in the far field. A closed-form expression of the Poynting vector of the electromagnetic field is obtained from the theoretical framework. The formulation links the radiation field to the correlation function of the sources in a straightforward manner, though numerical computation of the Poynting vector involves evaluation of a quadruple integral and is difficult to implement directly, especially when the observation of radiation occurs at a close distance from the source. The study of the close-range radiation would, in particular, benefit the microwave remote sensing radiometric calibration that is encountered in terrestrial laboratories and space-borne satellites. To tackle the challenges in numerical calculation, we have made a few mathematical adjustments to develop a feasible scheme for improved computational efficiency, including reformulation in the angle-impact notation and various simplifications of the integration. We apply the theory and numerical techniques to simulate thermal radiation in some illustrative examples such as an isothermal Blackbody source, a Blackbody misaligned from the on-axis position, and a nonuniformly heated Blackbody target. The coherence property of the Blackbody source is shown to possess influential impacts on the radiation arising from such a source, especially in the near-field range where most measurements of the radiation take place in a practical system. The theory and technical approaches provide a systematic and reliable way to quantify the Poynting vector radiated by the Blackbody source in a microwave remote-sensing radiometer.

  • application of coherence theory to modeling of Blackbody radiation at close range
    United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2014
    Co-Authors: Dazhen Gu, David K. Walker
    Abstract:

    A passive Blackbody target is an indispensable component for some microwave remote-sensing radiometers. The radiation from the Blackbody, in addition to the cosmic microwave background, provides calibration references for resolving the unknown brightness temperature of the observed scene. The Blackbody target is often placed closer to the radiometer front end than that given by the Fraunhofer distance. Consequently, the far-field (FF) condition is not always met strictly and the FF approximation may result in inaccurate estimation of the brightness temperature. An in-depth study of the microwave radiation by the Blackbody at close range is required to account for the difference.

  • Application of coherence theory to modeling of Blackbody radiation at close range
    2014 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM), 2014
    Co-Authors: Dazhen Gu, David K. Walker
    Abstract:

    Summary form only given. A passive Blackbody target is an indispensable component for some microwave remote-sensing radiometers. The radiation from the Blackbody, in addition to the cosmic microwave background, provides calibration references for resolving the unknown brightness temperature of the observed scene. The Blackbody target is often placed closer to the radiometer front end than that given by the Fraunhofer distance. Consequently, the far-field (FF) condition is not always met strictly and the FF approximation may result in inaccurate estimation of the brightness temperature. An in-depth study of the microwave radiation by the Blackbody at close range is required to account for the difference. We apply the second-order coherence theory to model the Blackbody source. From a passive-radiation standpoint, all natural objects are correlated to some extent. A Blackbody source is no exception. From the angular dependence of its FF radiation, the degree of coherence of the source can be determined. An experimental investigation verifies that the FF radiation from a Blackbody target follows the Lambert cosine law, which allows us to obtain the correlation property of the Blackbody source. We further formulate the mixed cross-spectral density tensor based on the correlation property to develop a closed-form expression of the radiation from the Poynting vector. The formulation consists of a quadruple integration, which is amenable to the multi-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT). The simulation by use of the FFT algorithm enables numerical computation of the radiation at close range when the FF asymptote doesn't apply. We present some simulation results for different target sizes at a variety of distances. A comparison between the radiation at close range and the FF radiation reveals nonnegligible difference. Such a study provides a quantitative approach to evaluate the accuracy of using the Blackbody target at close range as a calibration source.

  • Reflectivity studies of passive microwave calibration targets and absorptive materials
    2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010
    Co-Authors: Dazhen Gu, Derek Houtz, David K. Walker, James Randa, Robert L. Billinger
    Abstract:

    We report on the characterization of Blackbody reflections as a part of the recent progress on the development of brightness standards for microwave remote sensing at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Three Blackbody targets at variable temperatures used for airborne and/or satellite systems along with an aluminum plate were measured in terms of their reflection coefficients by horn antennas in connection with a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the WR-42 waveguide band. Precision measurements of reflection are needed for Blackbody emissivity computation to check against the brightness temperature measurement of Blackbody targets. All experiments were conducted in two distance ranges by free-space methods in an anechoic chamber. Preliminary results show negligible reflections from the calibration targets, indicating near ideal Blackbody characteristics in the measured frequency range.