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Jorgen Slots - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gingival Bleeding on Probing relationship to change in periodontal pocket depth and effect of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse
Journal of Periodontal Research, 2015Co-Authors: S Gonzalez, Calvin J Cohen, M Galvan, Faisal Abdullah Alonaizan, S K Rich, Jorgen SlotsAbstract:Background and Objective This study evaluated the potential of gingival Bleeding on Probing to serve as a predictor of future periodontal breakdown. It also assessed the ability of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-a-week oral rinse to convert periodontal pockets showing Bleeding on Probing to nonBleeding sites. Material and Methods The study was performed as a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in parallel groups. Seven periodontitis patients rinsed twice-weekly for 3 mo with 15 mL of a fresh solution of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, and five periodontitis patients rinsed with water. The 12 study patients received no subgingival or supragingival scaling. Clorox® Regular-Bleach was the source of sodium hypochlorite. At baseline and 3-mo visits, gingival Bleeding was assessed within 30 s after Probing to full pocket depth using an approximate force of 0.75 N. Results A total of 470 (38%) of 1230 periodontal pockets in the bleach-rinse group revealed Bleeding on Probing at the initial visit but not at the 3-mo visit; only 71 (9%) of 828 pockets in the control group became Bleeding-negative during the study (p < 0.001). Bleeding on Probing in 4- to 7-mm-deep pockets decreased by 53% in the bleach-rinse group but increased by 6% in the water-rinse group (p < 0.001). Ninety-seven pockets showed depth increases of ≥ 2 mm after 3 mo: 60 (62%) of those pockets exhibited Bleeding on Probing at both the initial and the 3-mo visits; 24 (25%) bled at only one of the two visits; and 13 (13%) never demonstrated gingival Bleeding (p < 0.001). Conclusions Persistent gingival Bleeding on Probing was associated with an increased risk for periodontal breakdown, and the absence of gingival Bleeding seemed to be a useful, although not perfect, indicator of disease stability. Twice-weekly oral rinsing with dilute bleach (0.25% sodium hypochlorite) produced a significant reduction in Bleeding on Probing, even in deep unscaled pockets. Sodium hypochlorite constitutes a valuable antiseptic in periodontal self-care.
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Gingival Bleeding on Probing: relationship to change in periodontal pocket depth and effect of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse
Journal of Periodontal Research, 2014Co-Authors: S Gonzalez, Calvin J Cohen, M Galvan, Faisal Abdullah Alonaizan, S K Rich, Jorgen SlotsAbstract:Background and Objective This study evaluated the potential of gingival Bleeding on Probing to serve as a predictor of future periodontal breakdown. It also assessed the ability of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-a-week oral rinse to convert periodontal pockets showing Bleeding on Probing to nonBleeding sites. Material and Methods The study was performed as a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in parallel groups. Seven periodontitis patients rinsed twice-weekly for 3 mo with 15 mL of a fresh solution of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, and five periodontitis patients rinsed with water. The 12 study patients received no subgingival or supragingival scaling. Clorox® Regular-Bleach was the source of sodium hypochlorite. At baseline and 3-mo visits, gingival Bleeding was assessed within 30 s after Probing to full pocket depth using an approximate force of 0.75 N. Results A total of 470 (38%) of 1230 periodontal pockets in the bleach-rinse group revealed Bleeding on Probing at the initial visit but not at the 3-mo visit; only 71 (9%) of 828 pockets in the control group became Bleeding-negative during the study (p
Niklaus P Lang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bleeding on Probing as it relates to smoking status in patients enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy for at least 5 years
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2015Co-Authors: Christoph A Ramseier, Niklaus P Lang, Damiano Mirra, Christian Schutz, Anton Sculean, Clemens Walter, Giovanni E SalviAbstract:AIM To relate the mean percentage of Bleeding on Probing (BOP) to smoking status in patients enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective data on BOP from 8'741 SPT visits were related to smoking status among categories of both periodontal disease severity and progression (instability) in patients undergoing dental hygiene treatment at the Medi School of Dental Hygiene (MSDH), Bern, Switzerland 1985-2011. RESULTS A total of 445 patients were identified with 27.2% (n = 121) being smokers, 27.6% (n = 123) former smokers and 45.2% (n = 201) non-smokers. Mean BOP statistically significantly increased with disease severity (p = 0.0001) and periodontal instability (p = 0.0115) irrespective of the smoking status. Periodontally stable smokers (n = 30) categorized with advanced periodontal disease demonstrated a mean BOP of 16.2% compared to unstable smokers (n = 15) with a mean BOP of 22.4% (p = 0.0291). Assessments of BOP in relation to the percentage of sites with periodontal Probing depths (PPD) ≥ 4 mm at patient-level yielded a statistically significantly decreased proportion of BOP in smokers compared to non-smokers and former smokers (p = 0.0137). ConCLUSIonS Irrespective of the smoking status, increased mean BOP in SPT patients relates to disease severity and periodontal instability while smokers demonstrate lower mean BOP concomitantly with an increased prevalence of residual PPDs.
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Bleeding on Probing and pocket Probing depth in relation to Probing pressure and mucosal health around oral implants
Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2009Co-Authors: J A Gerber, T E Balmer, G E Salvi, Niklaus P LangAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To assess the Bleeding on Probing (BOP) tendency and periodontal probe penetration when applying various Probing forces at implant sites in patients with a high standard of oral hygiene with well-maintained peri-implant tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventeen healthy patients with excellent oral hygiene in a maintenance program after having been treated for periodontitis or gingivitis were recruited. Missing teeth had been replaced using oral implants. The BOP and Probing depth (PPD) were assessed at the mid-buccal, mid-oral, mesial and distal aspects of the buccal surfaces of each implant. Moreover, contralateral teeth were designated and assessed for BOP and PPD in the same locations and at the same observation visits. At each visit, implants and contralateral teeth were randomly assigned to one of the standardized Probing forces (0.15 or 0.25 N). The second Probing force was applied at the repetition of the examination 7 days later. RESULTS: Increasing the Probing pressure by 0.1 N from 0.15 N resulted in an increase of BOP percentage by 13.7% and 6.6% for implants and contralateral teeth, respectively. There appeared to be a significant difference of the mean BOP percentage at implant and tooth sites when a Probing pressure of 0.25 N was applied. A significantly deeper mean PPD at implant sites compared with tooth sites was found irrespective of the Probing pressure applied. ConCLUSIonS: The results of the present study demonstrated that 0.15 N might represent the threshold pressure to be applied to avoid false positive BOP readings around oral implants. Hence, Probing around implants demonstrated a higher sensitivity compared with Probing around teeth.
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effect of interleukin 1 gene polymorphisms on gingival inflammation assessed by Bleeding on Probing in a periodontal maintenance population
Journal of Periodontal Research, 2000Co-Authors: Niklaus P Lang, Maurizio S Tonetti, Judith Suter, Julian Sorrell, Gordon W Duff, Kenneth S KornmanAbstract:Bleeding on Probing (BOP) is the most significant clinical parameter for the assessment of periodontal inflammation. The aim of this prospective longitudinal trial was to study the association between allelic variants of the IL-1 gene complex and gingival inflammation. Three hundred and twenty-three randomly selected periodontal maintenance patients (64.4% females) received a periodontal examination that included Probing depth measurements and BOP at each of 4 supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) appointments. A blood sample taken from each subject was analysed for the presence of specific allotypes of the IL-1 gene complex. Two polymorphisms located at +4845 bp in the IL-1α region and at +3954 bp in the IL-1β region were evaluated by a polymerase chain reaction method; 35.3% of the examined subjects were positive for specific combinations of allotypes of the IL-1 gene complex previously associated with an increased risk for severe periodontitis. The population consisted of 90 current smokers and 94 former smokers. An analysis of the association between the IL-1 genotype and BOP in the whole population (including smokers) did not reach statistical significance because of the overriding effect of smoking. A subset analysis of the 139 never smokers indicated that genotype positive patients had a significantly elevated chance of presenting an increase in the BOP% over a 4-appointment recall period (p=0.03) after correcting for oral hygiene. In fact, patients who were genotype-negative had a 50% smaller chance of showing increases in BOP% during SPT. A further analysis explored the relationship between the genotype and the level of BOP% at the most recent recall visit. A generalized linear model showed a statistically significant effect of the genotype status after correcting for plaque accumulation and prevalence of residual pockets (≥5 mm). Genotype-negative subjects had significantly lower BOP%(p=0.0097). It is concluded that the increased BOP prevalence and incidence observed in IL-1 genotype-positive subjects indicates that some individuals have a genetically determined hyper-inflammatory response that is expressed in the clinical response of the periodontal tissues.
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Effect of interleukin‐1 gene polymorphisms on gingival inflammation assessed by Bleeding on Probing in a periodontal maintenance population
Journal of Periodontal Research, 2000Co-Authors: Niklaus P Lang, Maurizio S Tonetti, Judith Suter, Julian Sorrell, Gordon W Duff, Kenneth S KornmanAbstract:Bleeding on Probing (BOP) is the most significant clinical parameter for the assessment of periodontal inflammation. The aim of this prospective longitudinal trial was to study the association between allelic variants of the IL-1 gene complex and gingival inflammation. Three hundred and twenty-three randomly selected periodontal maintenance patients (64.4% females) received a periodontal examination that included Probing depth measurements and BOP at each of 4 supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) appointments. A blood sample taken from each subject was analysed for the presence of specific allotypes of the IL-1 gene complex. Two polymorphisms located at +4845 bp in the IL-1α region and at +3954 bp in the IL-1β region were evaluated by a polymerase chain reaction method; 35.3% of the examined subjects were positive for specific combinations of allotypes of the IL-1 gene complex previously associated with an increased risk for severe periodontitis. The population consisted of 90 current smokers and 94 former smokers. An analysis of the association between the IL-1 genotype and BOP in the whole population (including smokers) did not reach statistical significance because of the overriding effect of smoking. A subset analysis of the 139 never smokers indicated that genotype positive patients had a significantly elevated chance of presenting an increase in the BOP% over a 4-appointment recall period (p=0.03) after correcting for oral hygiene. In fact, patients who were genotype-negative had a 50% smaller chance of showing increases in BOP% during SPT. A further analysis explored the relationship between the genotype and the level of BOP% at the most recent recall visit. A generalized linear model showed a statistically significant effect of the genotype status after correcting for plaque accumulation and prevalence of residual pockets (≥5 mm). Genotype-negative subjects had significantly lower BOP%(p=0.0097). It is concluded that the increased BOP prevalence and incidence observed in IL-1 genotype-positive subjects indicates that some individuals have a genetically determined hyper-inflammatory response that is expressed in the clinical response of the periodontal tissues.
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Bleeding on Probing a parameter for monitoring periodontal conditions in clinical practice
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 1994Co-Authors: Andreas Joss, Rolf Adler, Niklaus P LangAbstract:Abstract. The present study is a follow-up report on the use of Bleeding on Probing (BOP) as a clinical indicator for disease progression or periodontal stability, respectively. Following active periodontal therapy, 39 patients were incorporated in a program of supportive periodontal therapy for a period of 53 months with recall intervals varying between 2–8 months. The patients received supportive therapy 7 to 14 ×. At the beginning of each maintenance visit, the tissues were evaluated using BOP. Reinstrumentation was only performed at sites which bled on Probing. However, supragingival plaque and calculus were always removed. Probing depth and Probing attachment levels were determined after active treatment and at the conclusion of the study. Progression of periodontal disease was defined by a measured loss of Probing attachment of 2 mm or more. During the observation period, 4.2% of all the sites lost attachment. Approximately 50% of these losses were due to periodontal disease progression, while the other half was the result of attachment loss in conjunction with recession of the gingiva. 2/3 of all the sites which lost attachment were found in a group of patients which presented a mean BOP 30%. In a group of patients-with a mean BOP of 20%, only 1/5 of the loser sites were found. This clearly indicated, that patients with a mean BOP of 20% have a significantly lower risk for further loss of Probing attachment at single sites.
S Gonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gingival Bleeding on Probing relationship to change in periodontal pocket depth and effect of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse
Journal of Periodontal Research, 2015Co-Authors: S Gonzalez, Calvin J Cohen, M Galvan, Faisal Abdullah Alonaizan, S K Rich, Jorgen SlotsAbstract:Background and Objective This study evaluated the potential of gingival Bleeding on Probing to serve as a predictor of future periodontal breakdown. It also assessed the ability of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-a-week oral rinse to convert periodontal pockets showing Bleeding on Probing to nonBleeding sites. Material and Methods The study was performed as a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in parallel groups. Seven periodontitis patients rinsed twice-weekly for 3 mo with 15 mL of a fresh solution of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, and five periodontitis patients rinsed with water. The 12 study patients received no subgingival or supragingival scaling. Clorox® Regular-Bleach was the source of sodium hypochlorite. At baseline and 3-mo visits, gingival Bleeding was assessed within 30 s after Probing to full pocket depth using an approximate force of 0.75 N. Results A total of 470 (38%) of 1230 periodontal pockets in the bleach-rinse group revealed Bleeding on Probing at the initial visit but not at the 3-mo visit; only 71 (9%) of 828 pockets in the control group became Bleeding-negative during the study (p < 0.001). Bleeding on Probing in 4- to 7-mm-deep pockets decreased by 53% in the bleach-rinse group but increased by 6% in the water-rinse group (p < 0.001). Ninety-seven pockets showed depth increases of ≥ 2 mm after 3 mo: 60 (62%) of those pockets exhibited Bleeding on Probing at both the initial and the 3-mo visits; 24 (25%) bled at only one of the two visits; and 13 (13%) never demonstrated gingival Bleeding (p < 0.001). Conclusions Persistent gingival Bleeding on Probing was associated with an increased risk for periodontal breakdown, and the absence of gingival Bleeding seemed to be a useful, although not perfect, indicator of disease stability. Twice-weekly oral rinsing with dilute bleach (0.25% sodium hypochlorite) produced a significant reduction in Bleeding on Probing, even in deep unscaled pockets. Sodium hypochlorite constitutes a valuable antiseptic in periodontal self-care.
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Gingival Bleeding on Probing: relationship to change in periodontal pocket depth and effect of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse
Journal of Periodontal Research, 2014Co-Authors: S Gonzalez, Calvin J Cohen, M Galvan, Faisal Abdullah Alonaizan, S K Rich, Jorgen SlotsAbstract:Background and Objective This study evaluated the potential of gingival Bleeding on Probing to serve as a predictor of future periodontal breakdown. It also assessed the ability of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-a-week oral rinse to convert periodontal pockets showing Bleeding on Probing to nonBleeding sites. Material and Methods The study was performed as a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in parallel groups. Seven periodontitis patients rinsed twice-weekly for 3 mo with 15 mL of a fresh solution of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, and five periodontitis patients rinsed with water. The 12 study patients received no subgingival or supragingival scaling. Clorox® Regular-Bleach was the source of sodium hypochlorite. At baseline and 3-mo visits, gingival Bleeding was assessed within 30 s after Probing to full pocket depth using an approximate force of 0.75 N. Results A total of 470 (38%) of 1230 periodontal pockets in the bleach-rinse group revealed Bleeding on Probing at the initial visit but not at the 3-mo visit; only 71 (9%) of 828 pockets in the control group became Bleeding-negative during the study (p
G R Persson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A systematic review on the use of residual Probing depth, Bleeding on Probing and furcation status following initial periodontal therapy to predict further attachment and tooth loss.
Journal of clinical periodontology, 2020Co-Authors: Stefan Renvert, G R PerssonAbstract:Chronic periodontitis affects many adults. Initial cause related therapy (ICRT) is aimed at elimination of factors causing disease progression. To use a systematic review process of peer reviewed publications to assess the predictive value of residual Probing depths (PD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and furcation involvement (FI) in determining further loss of attachment and tooth loss following ICRT. An electronic search of the Cochrane Oral Health Group specialized register, MEDLINE and EMBASE, was performed using specific search terms to identify studies assessing the predictive value of residual Probing depths (PD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and furcation involvement (FI) in determining further loss of attachment and tooth loss following ICRT. The searches resulted in 941 uniquely identified studies. Titles and abstracts were then independently screened by two reviewers (S.R. and G.R.P.) to identify publications that met specific inclusion criteria. The agreement between the reviewers was assessed and statistical analysis failed to demonstrate a difference between the two reviewers (kappa-value: 0.94, P = 0.003). Detailed review of 47 included publications resulted in acceptance of one publication which utilized data based on patient as unit of observation. This study included 16 subjects over 42 months demonstrating that residual Probing depths are predictive of further disease progression whereas persisting Bleeding on Probing are not. Data based on one study suggest that residual Probing depths are predictive of further disease progression. The implications for carefully designed multicentre randomized clinical control trials are many.
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a systematic review on the use of residual Probing depth Bleeding on Probing and furcation status following initial periodontal therapy to predict further attachment and tooth loss
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2002Co-Authors: Stefan Renvert, G R PerssonAbstract:Background: Chronic periodontitis affects many adults. Initial cause related therapy (ICRT) is aimed at elimination of factors causing disease progression. Objectives: To use a systematic review process of peer reviewed publications to assess the predictive value of residual Probing depths (PD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and furcation involvement (FI) in determining further loss of attachment and tooth loss following ICRT. Material and Methods: An electronic search of the Cochrane Oral Health Group specialized register, MEDLINE and EMBASE, was performed using specific search terms to identify studies assessing the predictive value of residual Probing depths (PD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and furcation involvement (FI) in determining further loss of attachment and tooth loss following ICRT. Results: The searches resulted in 941 uniquely identified studies. Titles and abstracts were then independently screened by two reviewers (S.R. and G.R.P.) to identify publications that met specific inclusion criteria. The agreement between the reviewers was assessed and statistical analysis failed to demonstrate a difference between the two reviewers (κ-value: 0.94, P = 0.003). Detailed review of 47 included publications resulted in acceptance of one publication which utilized data based on patient as unit of observation. This study included 16 subjects over 42 months demonstrating that residual Probing depths are predictive of further disease progression whereas persisting Bleeding on Probing are not. Conclusions: Data based on one study suggest that residual Probing depths are predictive of further disease progression. The implications for carefully designed multicentre randomized clinical control trials are many.
Moïse Desvarieux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bleeding on Probing differentially relates to bacterial profiles the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2008Co-Authors: Ryan T. Demmer, Panos N. Papapanou, David R. Jacobs, Moïse DesvarieuxAbstract:Aim: Various bacterial species are differentially prevalent in periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. We tested the independent associations between three bacterial groupings and gingival inflammation in an epidemiological study. Material and Methods: In 706 Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) participants 55 years, Bleeding on Probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD) and subgingival plaque samples (n=4866) were assessed in eight sites per mouth. Eleven bacterial species were quantitatively assayed and grouped as follows: (i) aetiologic burden (EB, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia); (ii) putative burden (PB, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Micromonas micros, Prevotella intermedia); (iii) health-associated burden (HAB, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula). Results: After mutual adjustment for EB, PB and HAB, the BoP prevalence increased by 45% ( p<0.0001) across increasing quartiles of EB while BoP decreased by 13% ( p<0.0001) across increasing quartiles of HAB. Mean PD increased 0.8 mm and decreased 0.3 mm from the first to fourth quartiles of EB (p<0.0001) and HAB ( p<0.0001), respectively. Among 1214 plaque samples with fourth quartile EB, 60% were collected from sites with PD 3 mm. Conclusion: Bacterial species believed to be aetiologically related to periodontitis were associated with BoP in sites with minimal PD and/or attachment level (AL). Species presumed to be associated with periodontal health demonstrated inverse associations with BoP.
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Bleeding on Probing differentially relates to bacterial profiles : the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2008Co-Authors: Ryan T. Demmer, Panos N. Papapanou, David R. Jacobs, Moïse DesvarieuxAbstract:Aim: Various bacterial species are differentially prevalent in periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. We tested the independent associations between three bacterial groupings and gingival inflammation in an epidemiological study. Material and Methods: In 706 Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) participants 55 years, Bleeding on Probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD) and subgingival plaque samples (n=4866) were assessed in eight sites per mouth. Eleven bacterial species were quantitatively assayed and grouped as follows: (i) aetiologic burden (EB, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia); (ii) putative burden (PB, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Micromonas micros, Prevotella intermedia); (iii) health-associated burden (HAB, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula). Results: After mutual adjustment for EB, PB and HAB, the BoP prevalence increased by 45% ( p