The Experts below are selected from a list of 90531 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daniel J Simons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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change Blindness and inattentional Blindness
2011Co-Authors: Melinda S Jensen, Whitney N Street, Daniel J SimonsAbstract:Change Blindness and inattentional Blindness are both failures of visual awareness. Change Blindness is the failure to notice an obvious change. Inattentional Blindness is the failure to notice the existence of an unexpected item. In each case, we fail to notice something that is clearly visible once we know to look for it. Despite similarities, each type of Blindness has a unique background and distinct theoretical implications. Here, we discuss the central paradigms used to explore each phenomenon in a historical context. We also outline the central findings from each field and discuss their implications for visual perception and attention. In addition, we examine the impact of task and observer effects on both types of Blindness as well as common pitfalls and confusions people make while studying these topics. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 529-546 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.130 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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change Blindness past present and future
2005Co-Authors: Daniel J Simons, Ronald A RensinkAbstract:Change Blindness is the striking failure to see large changes that normally would be noticed easily. Over the past decade this phenomenon has greatly contributed to our understanding of attention, perception, and even consciousness. The surprising extent of change Blindness explains its broad appeal, but its counterintuitive nature has also engendered confusions about the kinds of inferences that legitimately follow from it. Here we discuss the legitimate and the erroneous inferences that have been drawn, and offer a set of requirements to help separate them. In doing so, we clarify the genuine contributions of change Blindness research to our understanding of visual perception and awareness, and provide a glimpse of some ways in which change Blindness might shape future research.
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what you see is what you set sustained inattentional Blindness and the capture of awareness
2005Co-Authors: Steven B Most, Brian J Scholl, Erin R Clifford, Daniel J SimonsAbstract:This article reports a theoretical and experimental attempt to relate and contrast 2 traditionally separate research programs: inattentional Blindness and attention capture. Inattentional Blindness refers to failures to notice unexpected objects and events when attention is otherwise engaged. Attention capture research has traditionally used implicit indices (e.g., response times) to investigate automatic shifts of attention. Because attention capture usually measures performance whereas inattentional Blindness measures awareness, the 2 fields have existed side by side with no shared theoretical framework. Here, the authors propose a theoretical unification, adapting several important effects from the attention capture literature to the context of sustained inattentional Blindness. Although some stimulus properties can influence noticing of unexpected objects, the most influential factor affecting noticing is a person’s own attentional goals. The authors conclude that many—but not all—aspects of attention capture apply to inattentional Blindness but that these 2 classes of phenomena remain importantly distinct.
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memory for centrally attended changing objects in an incidental real world change detection paradigm
2002Co-Authors: Daniel T Levin, Daniel J Simons, Bonnie L Angelone, Christopher F ChabrisAbstract:People often have difficulty detecting visual changes in scenes, a phenomenon referred to as 'change Blindness'. Although change Blindness is usually observed in pictures of objects that are not the focus of attention, it also occurs for attended objects in the real world. Here, we further explore the finding that many participants fail to detect the unexpected substitution of one conversation partner for another. We show that change Blindness for a conversation partner occurs in a variety of situations. Furthermore, when tested with a photographic lineup following the change, participants who noticed the substitution showed better memory for both pre- and post-change experimenters than participants who did not detect the change. We conclude that change Blindness in this case is associated with relatively ineffective or inaccessible representations of previously attended objects, and we contrast these results with others indicating that change Blindness arises from a failure to compare the original and changed object.
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current approaches to change Blindness
2000Co-Authors: Daniel J SimonsAbstract:Across saccades, blinks, blank screens, movie cuts, and other interruptions, observers fail to detect substantial changes to the visual details of objects and scenes. This inability to spot changes (“change Blindness”) is the focus of this special issue of Visual Cognition. This introductory paper briefly reviews recent studies of change Blindness, noting the relation of these findings to earlier research and discussing the inferences we can draw from them. Most explanations of change Blindness assume that we fail to detect changes because the changed display masks or overwrites the initial display. Here I draw a distinction between intentional and incidental change detection tasks and consider how alternatives to the “overwriting” explanation may provide better explanations for change Blindness.
Jie Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk Factors of Transient Cortical Blindness After Cerebral Angiography: A Multicenter Study.
2019Co-Authors: Huaxin Liang, Chao Liu, Hongtao Liu, Yang Zheng, Wanchao Shi, Jie WangAbstract:Background: Although transient cortical Blindness is a rare complication following cerebral angiography, identification of risk factors for the development of transient cortical Blindness after cerebral angiography is an important clinical issue. Material and methods: Between January 2008 and April 2018, 5,126 patients at five high-volume medical centers who underwent cerebral angiography procedures were enrolled in this multicenter cohort study. Patient baseline characteristics and surgery-related factors were analyzed. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine factors associated with transient cortical Blindness. Results: Eighteen patients (0.35%) in the total cohort of 5,126 suffered transient cortical Blindness. After univariate statistical analysis, no significant differences were determined between the transient cortical Blindness group and the control group regarding gender (p = 0.454), age (p = 0.872), smoking (p = 0.170), diabetes (p = 0.800), and hypertension (p = 0.100). Compared with the control group, the transient cortical Blindness group weighed less (p = 0.020), and had a larger dose of contrast agent (p = 0.034) and more instances of contrast agent injected into the posterior circulation (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified contrast agent dose and contrast agent injected into posterior circulation as independent predictive factors for transient cortical Blindness (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Larger doses off contrast agent and contrast agent injected into the posterior circulation are potential independent predictive factors for transient cortical Blindness following cerebral angiography.
Elisabeth Fernell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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children with Blindness major causes developmental outcomes and implications for habilitation and educational support a two decade swedish population based study
2018Co-Authors: Kim De Verdier, Ek Ulla, S Lofgren, Elisabeth FernellAbstract:PURPOSE: The aim was to describe the population of children with congenital or early infancy Blindness in Sweden, with regard to causes of Blindness and prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments. METHODS: Medical, psychological and pedagogical records of Swedish children with congenital or early infancy Blindness (total Blindness or light perception at the most) born in 1988-2008 were analysed regarding year of birth, gender, cause of Blindness, gestational age, associated neurological disorders/syndromes, associated neurodevelopmental impairments, cognitive level and type of school placement. RESULTS: A total of 150 individuals, 80 girls and 70 boys, were identified, corresponding to a prevalence of 7/100 000. Five causes of Blindness dominated, constituting 76% of all represented aetiologies: retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), optic nerve atrophy (ONA) and microphthalmia/anophthalmia. Nearly three of four children in the study population had at least one additional disability besides Blindness; the most common being intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). More than half of the population had more than one additional disability. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was most common in children with ONH, ROP, LCA and microphthalmia/anophthalmia. CONCLUSION: In children born within the last decades, isolated Blindness is uncommon and the rate of multidisabilities is high. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seems to be more strongly associated with specific aetiological subgroups. Further development of the support to families and schools should be based on knowledge about the considerable heterogeneity of the population of children with Blindness, and the common occurrence of coexisting neurodevelopmental disorders, especially ID and ASD.
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early childhood Blindness etiologies and comorbidity
2016Co-Authors: Stefan Löfgren, K. De Verdier, Elisabeth FernellAbstract:Purpose To identify etiologies and developmental comorbidity in children with congenital or very early Blindness. Methods Children with congenital or early Blindness in Sweden during a 20 year period were identified through registers. Major causes for the Blindness and developmental disturbance were collected from patient records. Results Four causes of Blindness amounted to 65% of all etiologies: retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve hypoplasia, Leber congenital amaurosis, and optic nerve atrophy, in falling order of frequency. Nearly three out of four children had at least one additional impairment besides Blindness; the most common being intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. More than half of the population had more than one additional impairment. Conclusions Blindness in itself entails considerable implications for a child's development and learning. When Blindness is combined with other developmental disorders, there is a significant need for support and adaptation. It is important to understand the developmental effects of both the Blindness and other coexisting disabilities in order to correctly interpret the behavior and needs of the children.
Hannah Kuper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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posterior segment eye disease in sub saharan africa review of recent population based studies
2014Co-Authors: Andrew Bastawrous, Philip I Burgess, Abdull M Mahdi, Fatima Kyari, Matthew J Burton, Hannah KuperAbstract:objective To assess the burden of posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). methods We reviewed published population-based data from SSA and other relevant populations on the leading PSED, specifically glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, as causes of Blindness and visual impairment in adults. Data were extracted from population-based studies conducted in SSA and elsewhere where relevant. results PSEDs, when grouped or as individual diseases, are a major contributor to Blindness and visual impairment in SSA. PSED, grouped together, was usually the second leading cause of Blindness after cataract, ranging as a proportion of Blindness from 13 to 37%. conclusions PSEDs are likely to grow in importance as causes of visual impairment and Blindness in SSA in the coming years as populations grow, age and become more urban in lifestyle. Africanbased cohort studies are required to help estimate present and future needs and plan services to prevent avoidable Blindness.
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rapid assessment of avoidable Blindness in the occupied palestinian territories
2010Co-Authors: Far Chiang, Hannah Kuper, Robert Lindfield, Tiarnan D L Keenan, Nael Seyam, Denise Magauran, Nasrallah Khalilia, Habes Batta, Ziad Abdeen, Nicholas SargentAbstract:Background There are no recent data on the prevalence and causes of Blindness in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence and causes of Blindness and visual impairment in the population aged 50 years and above in the Occupied Palestinian Territories using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey method.
Nadine Sarter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tactile visual and crossmodal visual tactile change Blindness the effect of transient type and task demands
2019Co-Authors: Sara L Riggs, Nadine SarterAbstract:Objective:The present study examined whether tactile change Blindness and crossmodal visual-tactile change Blindness occur in the presence of two transient types and whether their incidence is affe...
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tactile change Blindness in an unmanned aerial vehicle control task
2014Co-Authors: Sara A Lu, Nadine SarterAbstract:One promising means of overcoming data overload in complex domains is through the introduction of tactile displays, which can offload the overburdened visual channel. However, the effectiveness of tactile displays depends on taking into consideration attentional systems and the limitations of the human perception. One important question is the extent to which the tactile modality is susceptible to change Blindness, i.e. the failure to detect even large and expected changes when these changes coincide with a “transient” stimulus. Recent research has demonstrated an analog of change Blindness in the tactile modality for pattern change recognition. The present study examined whether tactile change Blindness, as well as crossmodal visual-tactile change Blindness, occurs in the context of search and monitoring tasks, and whether it is affected by the addition of a secondary task. The application domain for this experiment was simulated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle control. The findings confirmed the occurrence of tactile change Blindness; however, no crossmodal change Blindness was observed and change detection was unaffected by the addition of a secondary search task. Overall, this research add to the knowledge base in multimodal and redundant information processing and can inform the design of multimodal displays for complex, data-rich domains.
